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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,006 Documents
 191   192   193   194   195 
Isotherm and Kinetic Studies of Malachite Green by NaOH-Activated Carbon Made from Apple Waste Balasubramaniam, Narayani; Louise, Isana Supiah Yosephine
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104046

Abstract

Using textile dyes that seem to reach new heights has caused the waste produced to skyrocket. One is malachite green, which earned its popularity due to its vibrancy. However, the impact of malachite green has proven to be an adversary to the environment, aquaculture, and health. This experiment aims to analyze the removal of malachite green through adsorption by using activated carbon made from apple waste. Some activated carbon underwent activation with NaOH 0.5 M. We sieved these activated carbons into a 100 mesh and used the batch method to test them for optimal conditions. The concentration at equilibrium was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. The results of these experiments are modeled into isotherm and kinetics models to help describe the adsorption. SEM-EDS, FTIR, and SAA also characterized the adsorbent samples. We found the NaOH-activated carbon to be the most efficient adsorbent, with optimum conditions of 0.3 g, 20 min, and 200 ppm. The adsorption data followed the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm and the pseudo second-order kinetics.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anticancer Effectiveness of Some New Metal Ions Complexes with Azo Dye: Synthesis and Characterization Jirjees, Vian Yamin; Al-Hamdan, Abbas Ali
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104167

Abstract

This paper presents a new azo dye 3-[2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyldiazenyl]quinolin-2-ol] from the reaction of the diazonium salt derived from tryptamine and 2-hydroxyquinoline. Azo dye was used to prepare a series of complexes with the chlorides of Ni(II), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II). Compounds were analyzed and characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, UV-vis, IR, MS, NMR, and conductivity. The findings demonstrated that the ligand acts as ionic in complex form, O-bidentate, supporting the proposed formula. The complexes generally exhibited tetrahedral and octahedral geometries, except the palladium complex, which adopted a square planar geometry. TGA was used to investigate the thermal characteristics of compounds. The ligand dissociated in a single step, whereas the complexes dissociated through multiple steps, exhibiting greater thermal stability than the ligand. This study explored the antioxidant and anticancer activities of compounds. The results indicate that compounds are more effective in scavenging free radicals, as measured by their IC50 values, and determined the order of inhibitory effect of compounds to be gallic acid > [Ni(L)2(H2O)2] > [Pt(L)2Cl2] > [Pd(L)2] >ligand > [Cd(L)2] > [Zn(L)2]. The ligand showed significant anticancer activity, with a lower IC50 value of 49.86 μg/mL than the complexes, indicating greater efficacy against cancer cells MCF-7.
Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Extract with Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Susilo, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat; Apsari, Retna; Hayaza, Suhailah; Cristian, Yeremia Budi; Prasetyo, Vania Griselda; Widianti, Imanda; Palmasih, Anastasia Alin; Jemon, Khairunadwa; Sajidah, Elma Sakinatus
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104189

Abstract

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained attention in the medical field because of their enhanced bioactive properties and bioavailability. The green synthesis of nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly synthesis method. In this study, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) extract was used for the green synthesis of SeNPs. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized using UV-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and particle size analyzer (PSA). UV-vis analysis showed a peak at a wavelength of 288 nm, and the SeNPs demonstrated stability at low temperatures for up to 30 days. FTIR analysis indicated interactions between the pectin functional groups on okra and the surface of SeNPs. The SeNPs had a 6.48 nm diameter and polydispersity index of 0.13. A spherical morphology was observed in the nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity of SeNPs was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. The results showed a dose-dependent increase in free radical inhibition with 31.44 and 15.37% by DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively. The green synthesis of SeNPs using okra extract produced nanoparticles with unique properties based on several characterization results. In conclusion, SeNPs exhibited promising antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential for biomedical applications.
Morphological and Crystallinity Studies of Nanofiber Cellulose Based on Sargassum sp. Using Multistep Preparation Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Irianto, Hari Eko; Chalid, Mochamad; Riastuti, Rini
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104211

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the crystallinity and morphological characteristics of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from Sargassum seaweed through a multistep preparation. The isolation was conducted in stages, including alkalinization, bleaching, and mechanical reduction in fiber size. In addition to observing the outcomes at each isolation stage, three mechanical processes were implemented to generate CNF. The observed parameters included fiber morphology analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fiber crystallinity tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that Sargassum mostly exhibits a type Iα structure of cellulose. The multistep treatment, combined with mechanical processing, resulted in finer fibers and an improved crystallinity index, reaching a maximum value of 70.39%. These findings suggest that cellulose nanofibers from Sargassum have the potential to be used in sustainable biomedical materials.
Cold Plasma-Induced Surface Modification of Microfibrillated Cellulose Using Lauric Acid to Enhance Compatibility in Polymer Composites Rifathin, Annisa; Wijaya, Ade Mundari; Roziafanto, Achmad Nandang; Laksmono, Joddy Arya; Nugraha, Adam Febriyanto; Chalid, Mochamad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104738

Abstract

Green materials, such as microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), are increasingly used as fillers in polymer composites for academic and industrial applications. However, their inherent hydrophilic property limits compatibility with polymer matrix. This study employs an environmentally friendly cold plasma technique to modify the surface of MFC, improving its compatibility with the polymer. Plasma treatment was performed at a voltage of 60 V for 30 min by making three molar ratios (3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) between lauric acid as a hydrophobic precursor and anhydroglucose (AGU). The results indicate several changes in the modified MFC properties, as evidenced by the appearance of a new peak at a wavenumber of 1742 cm−1 (ester’s C=O) in FTIR spectra, indicating successful plasma-induced grafting. XPS results also confirm the formation of O–C=O bond at a binding energy of 289.3 eV. The optimum conditions were obtained at a molar ratio of 4:1 (lauric acid:AGU). There was a decrease in the hydrophilic property of MFC, indicated by an increase in the water contact angle from 50.16° to 71.26°. Moreover, the surface tension difference between MFC and polypropylene was significantly reduced from 136.99 to 47.51%, suggesting improved compatibility.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Conjugated Polymers Based on Furan Ring from D-fructose and Their Photoluminescence and Thermal Properties Hanoon, Wael Sadiq; Hanoosh, Widad Salih; Zaidan, Raed Kadim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104800

Abstract

Conjugated polymers are one of the most essential branches of polymer science. Most conjugated polymers have a small band gap energy between the ground state and excited state, making them fluorescent materials useful for use as light emitting diodes (LED), sensors, digital screens, and others. We synthesized dialdehyde compound (F1) with good yield and high quality from a natural source (D-fructose) and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), electron impact (EI) mass spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We synthesized two salts of disubstituted benzene triphenylphosphonium chloride (W1, W2) and characterized them by 1H-NMR and FTIR. We synthesized two polymers by Wittig polycondensation from the reaction of F1 with salts (W1, W2) and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Their photoluminescence properties were studied which giving light emission with λPL max at 502 and 472 nm for A1 and A2, respectively. We synthesized three polymers (P1, P2, P3) from reacting F1 with ketone by aldol condensation using KOH to give insoluble polymers and characterized them by FTIR spectroscopy. All polymers were evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), showing thermal stability with decomposition temperature beginning from 192 °C.
Kinetic Insights into Cadmium and Lead Removal Using Cellulose-Based Schiff Base Complexes as Adsorbents Ibrahim, Farah Muaiad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104991

Abstract

The removal of heavy metals from water is a key environmental challenge. This study focuses on synthesizing and using Schiff base-modified cellulose as adsorbents for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) ions. The materials were developed by modifying cellulose and incorporating Schiff base ligands with Fe(III) and Zn(II) binding sites (Schiffs 1 and 2). Characterization through EDX, SEM, FTIR, elemental analysis, XRD, and TGA confirmed improved surface properties and active adsorption sites. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating chemisorption. The monolayer adsorption capacities for Schiff 1 were 83 mg/g Cd and 78 mg/g Pb, while for Schiff 2, they were 70 mg/g Cd and 63 mg/g Pb. Optimal conditions included solution pH 4.0–5.0, stirring for 45–60 min, 100 mg/L metal concentration, and room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). EDTA efficiently desorbed Cd and Pb for 4 cycles with over 85% efficiency. This study highlights the material’s potential as a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment.
Computational Study of Photosynthetic Pigments: Toward Synthetic Photosynthesis Engineering Wicaksono, Adhityo; Prakoso, Muhammad Ja'far; Ridarto, Afif Maulana Yusuf; Parikesit, Arli Aditya
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105059

Abstract

Chlorophyll is a widely known photosynthetic pigment in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, along with bacteriochlorophyll in some photosynthetic bacteria. The pigments consist of tetrapyrrole structures that carry a single magnesium atom at the center. They play important parts in the light-harvesting process in photosynthesis. This study aimed to characterize and compare the electronic profiles of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll pigments by using in silico computational approaches, such as density functional theory (DFT), electronic transfer property analysis, and protein-pigment interaction studies via molecular docking. The results showed that chlorophylls a, b, and c have the highest energy gaps at the ground state DFT. For bacteriochlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls g and b have the highest energy gaps. The time-dependent DFT and the follow-up calculations, including extinction coefficient, tunneling rate, and coherence time, indicated bacteriochlorophyll g as a highly promising and efficient pigment. Additionally, chlorophyll c and bacteriochlorophylls c and d showed the strongest binding affinities with the chlorophyll-binding protein of plant photosystem II. This study provides a comprehensive and replicable computational pipeline for pigment profiling, advancing future synthetic photosynthesis designs through combined quantum and synthetic biology insights.
Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Analysis of Pyrazoline Derivatives Against Candida Species: A Comprehensive In Vitro and In Silico Approach Rohim, Muhammad; Haryani, Yuli; Frimayanti, Neni; Muttaqin, Fauzan Zein; Teruna, Hilwan Yuda; Hendra, Rudi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105255

Abstract

This study utilized in vitro and in silico methods to assess the antifungal efficacy of synthesized pyrazoline derivatives (4a–e) against Candida species. The compounds were produced by a one-pot process and structurally analyzed using spectroscopic methods. The antifungal efficacy was evaluated against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assays. Among the derivatives, compound 4e exhibited potent antifungal action, displaying MIC values similar to ketoconazole. Molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling have shown that 4e interacts efficiently with critical residues of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). The density functional theory (DFT) study indicated advantageous electrical characteristics, while molecular dynamics simulations validated the structural stability of the 4e–CYP51 complex, evidenced by low RMSD and RMSF values, along with an MM/GBSA binding energy comparable to that of ketoconazole. A robust association between binding energy and MIC substantiates the predictive use of computational data. The results suggest that compound 4e replicates the binding characteristics of ketoconazole and may be a viable candidate for antifungal medication development. This integrative strategy reinforces the justification for additional optimization and preclinical assessment of pyrazoline-based antifungal drugs aimed at CYP51.
In Silico Study of Alkaloid Compounds from Sida rhombifolia (Sidaguri) as Antimalarial Agents Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase Arfansyah, Arfansyah; Sepyana, Anisa; Bahrun, Bahrun; Artasasta, Muh Ade; Rasyid, Herlina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.106340

Abstract

Malaria, caused by the Plasmodium parasite, represents a significant global health challenge, with approximately 229 million cases reported in 2020. Current treatments include artemisinin-based combination therapy; however, drug resistance poses serious issues. Natural products, including alkaloids from Sida rhombifolia, particularly cryptolepine, effectively inhibit Plasmodium falciparum through DNA intercalation. Research indicates that mutations in the PfDHFR enzyme of P. falciparum contribute to drug resistance, highlighting the urgent need for new inhibitors. A literature review combined with SwissADME, toxicology predictions, and molecular docking methods identified 11-cryptolepine carboxylic acid (B1) and N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (B11) as potential new inhibitors. The compounds exhibited binding energies of −7.22 and −8.41 kcal/mol, which are close to the native ligand (−7.31 kcal/mol). Additionally, they demonstrate favorable drug-likeness properties, indicating their potential as viable candidates for drug development. The molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns was conducted to observe molecular interactions in a specific system dynamically. It was found that ligand B1 has better stability compared to ligand B11. This compound demonstrates significant potential for advancing malaria treatment strategies. Further research and clinical evaluation are warranted to fully realize their potential and translate these findings into effective clinical interventions for combating malaria globally.

Page 193 of 201 | Total Record : 2006

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