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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
 188   189   190   191   192 
Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H2SO4 and NaOH Demineralization Ngulde, Aliyu Buba; Wan Ab Karim Ghani, Wan Azlina; Nawi, Nazmi Mat; Rashid, Umer; Silas, Kiman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100059

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the calorific values, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR spectroscopy, and TGA of the control feedstock and coal samples treated with different acid-alkali formulations. We also evaluated the effectiveness of the acid and alkali treatments, individually and in combination, on the structural and chemical properties of Melawan coal. The TGA results indicated that all treated coal samples showed reduced weight loss compared to raw coal, indicating the removal of minerals and volatile components owing to the treatment processes. Based on the DTG curve, the combination treatment (acid followed by base) somewhat stabilizes the coal, leading to a broader and less intense peak. EDS analysis revealed that both H2SO4 and NaOH treatments, individually and in combination, significantly altered the elemental composition of the coal. According to FTIR analysis, the presence of carbonyl groups can affect the performance of coal in processes such as gasification, pyrolysis, or combustion, making it a key functional group of interest for evaluating post-treatment coal properties. The removal of mineral impurities can lead to a higher calorific value, making coal more suitable for energy generation applications.
Goat Milk Casein Peptides as Potential α-Amylase Inhibitors: A Computational and Experimental Approach Sumlang, Gavriel Hagai Paulus; Handoyo, Rumaisha Lale; Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian; Astuti, Endang; Raharjo, Tri Joko
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100223

Abstract

Goat’s milk proteins can undergo hydrolysis during digestion, producing peptides that may inhibit α-amylase and help treat type 2 diabetes with minimal side effects. Identifying the amino acid composition of these peptides is essential for determining their inhibitory potential. Recent in silico digestion methods have been developed to generate specific peptides. This study aims to identify α-amylase inhibitory peptides from goat’s milk casein hydrolyzate using in silico digestion, followed by peptide synthesis and activity assay. Peptides were derived from goat’s milk casein hydrolyzed using in silico digestion. Molecular docking was employed to predict protein-peptide interactions utilizing the HADDOCK2.4 server, CABS-dock, and PepSite 2 server. Peptides EDVPSER and TNAIPYVR could inhibit α-amylase with IC50 values of 14.16 ± 0.65 and 76.58 ± 2.13 µM, respectively. In vitro evaluation confirmed that EDVPSER from αS1-casein exhibited α-amylase inhibitory potential. This peptide could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes, offering a natural and targeted approach to α-amylase inhibition. Peptide EDVPSER may serve as a basis for further research and development of antidiabetic treatments derived from goat’s milk proteins.
Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption Hafizah, Mas Ayu Elita; Manaf, Azwar; Valency, Tiara; Andreas, Andreas; Manawan, Maykel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100714

Abstract

This study explores the use of porous carbon derived from palm kernel shells to adsorb lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Porous carbon was produced by carbonizing palm kernel shells at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and was evaluated for its effectiveness in a lead chloride (PbCl2) solution. The best adsorption rate, reducing Pb2+ concentration by 27.5%, was observed by carbonized material at 800 °C with a 3 h contact time. Kinetic analysis suggested that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant mechanism. The adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm, implying multilayer adsorption on an uneven surface. These findings highlight the efficient and low-cost potential of palm kernel shell-based porous carbon for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon has proven to be a sustainable, cost-effective, and practical solution for mitigating Pb2+ contamination, positioning it as a promising candidate for environmentally friendly water treatment applications.
Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition Prabawati, Susy Yunita; Triatmaja, Karisma; Widiakongko, Priyagung Dhemi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.101791

Abstract

Mortality due to ischemic stroke has increased significantly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce the severity of ischemic stroke, which is mainly caused by blood vessel blockage due to increased secretion of angiotensin II (ANG II) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This study investigated the potential of eugenol and its derivatives as ACE inhibitors using molecular docking, an in silico approach for drug discovery by using PLANTS software. The results showed that several eugenol derivatives, including (E)-1-(2-(4-allylphenoxy)acetyl)-4-cinnamoylthiosemicarbazide, exhibited potent ACE inhibition, with docking scores comparable to the native ligand (lisinopril) and superior to several commercial drugs. Physicochemical evaluation revealed that derivatives such as 5a, 5b, 7, and 9a had favorable molecular weight, total polar surface area, and lipophilicity (log P), thereby enhancing their permeability and bioavailability. Drug-likeness analysis confirmed that the compound meets several criteria, including Lipinski, Pfizer, and Golden Triangle rules, highlighting its potential safety and efficacy. Key binding interactions, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions in the ACE active site, further support its candidacy as an ACE inhibitor. These findings suggest that eugenol derivatives are promising candidates for the development of therapies targeting ischemic stroke through ACE inhibition.
Electrocoagulation for Cattle Slaughterhouse Wastewater Management: A Review of Technologies and Treatment Parameters Sugiharta, Iip; Kiswandono, Agung Abadi; Pandiangan, Kamisah Delilawati; Simanjuntak, Wasinton
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.102193

Abstract

The management of slaughterhouse wastewater presents significant environmental challenges due to its high organic load, fat, oil, and persistent pollutants. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an effective treatment method that utilizes electric currents to generate in situ coagulants for pollutant removal. This review examines key operational parameters of EC, including current density, pH, electrode type, and contact time, while comparing its performance with electro-oxidation (EO) and coagulation-flocculation (CF). The findings indicate that EC effectively reduces Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and turbidity with relatively low operational costs. Integrating EC with CF and EO improves treatment efficiency by addressing complex wastewater characteristics. Optimization of parameters, energy consumption reduction, and electrode durability enhancements are recommended for improving EC performance. Bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer highlights the increasing research focus on energy efficiency, electrode materials, and process optimization. A graphical abstract is provided to illustrate EC’s role in wastewater treatment, highlighting its effectiveness, optimization strategies, and integration potential. Future research should focus on scaling up industrial applications and integrating predictive models to enhance efficiency and sustainability in slaughterhouse wastewater management.
Synthesis, Spectral Identification, Thermal Studies, Antioxidant Properties, and Biological Effects for Some Metal Ion Complexes with New Schiff Base Ligand Al-Ameer, Aseel Hikmat Abad; Shaalan, Naser
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.102636

Abstract

The tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligand, which is produced via the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde with phthalohydrazide, is prepared in this work with a fair yield. The prepared ligand was characterized using a microanalysis technique (C.H.N), UV-vis, FTIR, 1H-,13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). New complexes were synthesized by a reaction between ligand (N'1E,N'2Z)-N'1,N'2-bis((1-hydroxynaphthalen-2yl)methylene)phthalohydrazide and metal chloride of Co+2, Ni+2, and Zn+2 ions in absolute ethanol. The present complexes are also characterized by techniques such as C.H.N, UV-vis, FTIR, TGA, molar conductivity, atomic absorption, and magnetic moment measurements. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds was tested against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as Candida albicans as a fungal species, by diffusion technique in addition to antioxidant properties. The spectroscopy measurement showed that the ligand coordinated with the metal ion as a tetradentate ligand via oxygen and nitrogen in addition to the chloride ion to form octahedral shapes. All compounds under study had a positive effect against antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities.
Activated Carbon Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural Waste for Phenolic Pollutant Removal: A Review Zulaicha, Annisaa Siti; Kiswandono, Agung Abadi; Buhani, Buhani; Suharso, Suharso; Nitti, Fidelis; Rinawati, Rinawati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.102884

Abstract

The widespread discharge of phenol into the environment has posed a threat to the environment. Phenol waste in the aquatic environment is mainly due to its involvement in various industries such as the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and wood product sectors. Recent studies have shown that industrial waste contains phenol in the concentration range of 2.8 to 6800 mg/L. The presence of phenol in water can cause bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, thus posing a risk to the food chain and human health through the consumption of phenol-contaminated seafood. Long-term exposure of humans to phenol-contaminated water causes health problems such as anorexia, progressive weight loss, and liver disorders. This emphasizes the importance of addressing and reducing phenol contamination to safeguard human health. Various treatment methods have been applied, including filtration, reverse osmosis, and adsorption. Among these, adsorption is widely used due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, with activated carbon as the most commonly used adsorbent. This study comprehensively reviews previous studies on agricultural waste-based activated carbon (palm shell, candlenut, and rubber) for phenolic compound removal. It examines characterization data (BET, XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR) and adsorption performance, aiming to provide recommendations of the most promising biomass for developing efficient activated carbon.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Its Characterization Aulia, Margaretha Praba; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Budiman, Arief
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103337

Abstract

This study explored an efficient method for extracting polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with water as the solvent, a technique consistent with green chemistry principles. The goal was to enhance the yield and quality of polysaccharides for their potential applications as multifunctional active ingredients in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries. Key extraction parameters, including extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min), temperature (80 °C), and solid-to-liquid ratios (1:20, 1:30, 1:40 m/v), were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:40 m/v at 80 °C for 10 min yielded the highest polysaccharide content (56.64%). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of pyranose rings in D-glucose and hydroxyl groups, while HPLC identified D-mannose (58.12%) as the predominant sugar, followed by D-glucose (34.46%), D-galactose (3.61%), and L-rhamnose (3.81%). Purified polysaccharide was composed of major mannose and glucose, a biomolecule very important given that it has wide applications in medical and food industries.
Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Various Cysteine-Proteases' Impact on Spirulina Protein Hydrolysate Djamaludin, Heder; Inayatussakinah, Inayatussakinah; Kusdiyarlistio, Andhika Alfanda; Armanda, Zidan; Dwijayanti, Dinia Rizqi; Maharsih, Inggit Kresna; Palupi, Kartika Dyah; Ferdian, Pamungkas Rizki; Elfirta, Rizki Rabeca; Notonegoro, Hartoyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103465

Abstract

Spirulina is a type of microalgae that contains many useful compounds having antioxidant properties. It has low biological activity and limited protein content when used in dry form. Proteins can be broken down through a hydrolysis reaction to increase their bioactivity, producing smaller peptides and free amino acids. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two cysteine-protease enzymes, bromelain and papain, on the hydrolysis of Spirulina protein. The research examined how these enzymes affect the degree of hydrolysis, protein content, molecular weight, and antioxidant activity of the resulting protein hydrolysate. A non-factorial, completely randomized design was used with three replicates per treatment. The results showed that the type of enzyme used significantly influenced all measured parameters. Bromelain was found to be more effective than papain. Spirulina protein hydrolyzed with bromelain had 32.15 ± 0.74% protein, 48.51 ± 0.94% hydrolysis, a density of 0.786 mg/mL, and 29.64 ± 0.82 ppm antioxidant activity. It also contained 18 types of amino acids, totaling 14.41 g/kg. The most efficient of physical extraction methods—particularly the combination of freeze-thaw and ultrasonication—for obtaining high-yield, high-quality protein from Spirulina. Further purification is needed to obtain the smallest peptide.
Efficiency of Syzygium cumini Fruit Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Low Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution Ali, Nurdin; Fonna, Syarizal; Saputra, Yumaidi; Ariffin, Ahmad Kamal; Supardi, Joli
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103598

Abstract

Organic plants are gaining serious attention as metal corrosion protection. As a non-toxic material, Syzygium cumini (SC) fruit extract contains antioxidant substances that can slow the corrosion rate. This research aimed to explore SC fruit extract as a green inhibitor of corrosion on AISI 1020 low carbon steel against exposure to 1 M HCl solution. SC fruit was extracted by the Soxhlet method and characterized using total flavonoids and tannins content. The inhibition systematics were analyzed using weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results showed that the concentration of 600 mg/L had good corrosion inhibition effectiveness with efficiency reaching 72.91 (WL), 90.26 (PDP), and 75.15% (EIS). Surface characterization was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. After the presence of inhibitors, corrosion products and damage to the steel were minimized compared to unprotected. This was based on the activity of inhibitor reaction to form a protective film. With the implementation of this material, SC fruit extract could be used as an environmentally friendly natural inhibitor.

Page 190 of 196 | Total Record : 1956

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