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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

73 74 75 76 77

Synthesis of Zeolite from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide as Structure Directing Agent Sriatun Sriatun; Taslimah Taslimah; Linda Suyati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The purpose of this research is to synthesize zeolite from sugarcane bagasse ash using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as structure directing agent. This research used cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant to invent the high porosity, surface area, acidity and thermal stability of synthesized zeolite. The Silica was extracted by alkaline fusion using sodium hydroxide solution. The synthesis was conducted by hydrothermal process at 100 °C for 7 days, ageing process for 24 h and calcination at 500 °C for 5 h. The ratio of Si/Al (v/v) was 1, 15 and 25, meanwhile the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was 5x10-4 M, 1x10-3 M and 1x10-2 M. The result showed all of product have strong absorbance at 950–1050 cm-1 and 620–690 cm-1, 420–460 cm-1, double ring at 520–570 cm-1, pore opening at 300–370 cm-1. Vibration of –OH as silanol group or water was indicated by broad absorbance at 3400–3450 cm-1. The diffractograms XRD showed that the product had high crystallinity. The composition of product on ratio Si/Al 1 with concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium 10-2 M is sodalite, the ratio Si/Al 15 and 25 are NaP1 and SiO2 quartz and contain 12.23% and 12.19% of Si, 4.17% and 13.18% of Al, respectively. Observation on SEM revealed that the crystal produced using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were homogenous and regular in shape.

The Phenolic Compound from Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae) Leaf and Its Antiplasmodial Activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Yenny Febriani Yun; Faizal Hermanto; Lilis Siti Aisyah; Tri Reksa Saputra; Arif Rahman Hakim; Ade Kania Ningsih; Tati Herlina; Euis Julaeha; Achmad Zainuddin; Unang Supratman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 16, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Various species of Kalanchoe plants have been widely used as raw materials in traditional medicines. This study was the continuation of the researches on secondary metabolites from Indonesia Kalanchoe plants, focused on Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Fresh K. blossfeldiana leaf was extracted with methanol at room temperature to obtain the concentrated extract. The concentrated methanol extract was dissolved in water and then partitioned successively with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate extracts were tested using antiplasmodial assay against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. The IC50 of methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extract were 13.002; 2.807, and 11 nM, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract was separated by the combination of chromatography on silica and ODS. This process produced the yellow solid. The chemical structure of the compound was determined based on UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR analyses and the comparison of data obtained from the literature and identified as phenolic compound, namely 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone or quercetin (1), and displayed antiplasmodial activity with IC50 3.97x10-2 nM.

Design of Indicator Strip Using Polystyrene (PS) and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for Detection of Diclofenac Sodium in Traditional Pain Relief Herbal Medicines Ibrahim Dalli; Danni Ramdhani; Aliya Nur Hasanah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Diclofenac sodium is one of analgesic which added to herbal medicines to enhance the effects. One of a qualitative method that is easy, efficient and simple is an indicator strip test. Indicator strip based polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was made to detect of diclofenac sodium which misused in traditional pain relief herbal medicine. Indicator strip was made by reagent blending method with specific reagents, copper sulfate (CuSO4), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and vanillin sulfate. The principle of the indicator strip in detecting diclofenac sodium is with the occurrence of a color reaction. The PS and PMMA were made in the concentration of 5, 7.5 and 10% and the mixture of PS and PMMA 1:5 and 1:6 respectively with a ratio of solvent and reactant 6:4; 7:3 and 8:2. The best indicator strip is PMMA-CuSO4 5% (7:3), PMMA-FeCl3 5% (7:3) and PMMA-Vanillin sulphate 7.5% (7:3). The detection limit of the PMMA-CuSO4 5% (7:3) was at 50 ppm, PMMA-FeCl3 5% (7:3) showed detection limit of 12,500 ppm and PMMA-vanillin sulfate 7.5% (7:3) showed detection limit of 500 ppm. All indicator strips stable up to 29 weeks. The indicator strip can be used as an alternative method to detect diclofenac sodium in herbal medicine.

Determination of Effective Functional Monomer and Solvent for R(+)-Cathinone Imprinted Polymer Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approaches Andrian Saputra; Karna Wijaya; Ria Armunanto; Lisa Tania; Iqmal Tahir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Determination of effective functional monomer and solvent for R(+)-cathinone imprinted polymer through modeling has been done using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches. The selection criteria of the best monomer and solvent are based on the classical potential energy (ΔEMM) from molecular dynamics simulation and confirmed further by quantum potential energy (ΔEDFT) from DFT calculation. The DFT calculation was performed in B3LYP exchange-correlation functional within the 6-31G(d) basis set of function including Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) solvation effect. From this research, it is obtained that N,N’-methylene bis acrylamide and chloroform are respectively the best candidates for effective functional monomer and solvent, for the synthesis of R(+)-cathinone imprinted polymer.

Culturing Security System of Chemical Laboratory in Indonesia Eka Dian Pusfitasari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Indonesia has experiences on the lack of chemical security such as: a number of bombing terrors and hazardous chemicals found in food. Bomb used in terror is a homemade bomb made from chemicals which are widely spread in the research laboratories such as a mixture of pottasium chlorate, sulphur, and alumunium. Therefore, security of chemicals should be implemented to avoid the misused of the chemicals. Although it has experienced many cases of the misuse of chemicals, and many regulations and seminars related to chemical security have been held, but the implementation of chemical security is still a new thing for Indonesian citizens. The evident is coming from the interviews conducted in this study. Questions asked in this interview/survey included: the implementation of chemical safety and chemical security in laboratory; chemical inventory system and its regulation; and training needed for chemical security implementation. Respondents were basically a researcher from Government Research Institutes, University laboratories, senior high school laboratories, and service laboratories were still ambiguous in distinguishing chemical safety and chemical security. Because of this condition, most Indonesia chemical laboratories did not totally apply chemical security system. Education is very important step to raise people awareness and address this problem. Law and regulations should be sustained by all laboratory personnel activities to avoid chemical diversion to be used for harming people and environment. The Indonesia Government could also develop practical guidelines and standards to be applied to all chemical laboratories in Indonesia. These acts can help Government’s efforts to promote chemical security best practices which usually conducted by doing seminars and workshop.

Conocarpus erectus Leaf Extract for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Amjed Mirza Alsultani
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized by a green method using Conocarpus erectus leaves extract. Leaves were cleaned and used freshly then the extract was obtained by heating leaves in water for 15 min. Silver nitrate used as SNPs precursor and 5 mL of extract were added to silver ion solution at 80 °C and the growth of nanoparticle was monitored by electronic spectra at plasmon resonance absorption of SNPs, where the growth obeys sigmoidal kinetics. SNPs were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence, and particle size was estimated. SEM reveals that the SNPs had spherical shape and particle size less than 100 nm. XRD analysis showed that only Ag phase was present and the estimated particle size was 20 nm. FTIR spectra analysis showed similarity of extract and SNPs, indicating the adsorption of active components of the extract on the high surface area of SNPs. Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that plasmon absorption and fluorescence in the visible region were a characteristic feature of SNPs. Antibacterial activity examined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that the inhibition zones were equal to 24 and 19 mm, respectively.

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics for Identification of Metabolites Content and Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa Dewi Anggraini Septaningsih; Latifah Kosim Darusman; Farit Mochamad Afendi; Rudi Heryanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Curcuma aeruginosa is known as one of the components of herbal medicine with various biological activities. This research aims to identify the metabolites content of C. aeruginosa related to their biological activities using LC-MS fingerprint combined with chemometrics. C. aeruginosa from 3 areas in Java were collected and macerated with ethanol and then analyzed with LC-MS. Along with this analysis, the antioxidant activity of all samples was determined using CUPRAC method, and the toxicity was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and chemometric method was used Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least square (PLS). Metabolites profiles showed 175 predicted compounds, in which the dominant compounds are from the sesquiterpene of Curcuma genus. The PCA metabolites profiles can separate the samples by their location of origin. Interpretation of the correlation between metabolites profiles and their bioactivities was determined using PLS technique. The results showed that the toxicity of samples was exerted by compounds with ion mass of 312.28 and 248.15, which have the highest antioxidant and toxicity potentials. Compounds with ion mass of 248.15 were predicted to be 9-Oxo-neoprocurcumenol, 7α,11α,-Epoxy-5β-hydroxy-9-guaiaen-8-one, Curcumenolactone A, or Curcumenolactone B. While compound with ion mass of 312.28 was predicted to tetrahydro-bisdemethoxycurcumin.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Palm Oil Catalyzed by Hierarchical ZSM-5 Supported Calcium Oxide Yusuf Muhammad Zein; Anil Kumar Anal; Didik Prasetyoko; Imroatul Qoniah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 16, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Biodiesel production from waste palm oil catalyzed by hierarchical ZSM-5 supported calcium oxide was studied. The activity of CaO increased after supported on h-ZSM-5 resulting an increase in conversion from 93.17% to 95.40%. A maximum conversion of 95.40% was achieved at 6 h reaction time, 3 wt.% catalyst amount, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The waste palm oil showed a high potential as a feedstock in biodiesel production in which there was no significant different in the conversion of fresh and waste palm oil. The properties of the obtained biodiesel required the limits of biodiesel specification according to ASTM D6751-08 and EN 14214 with the methyl ester content of 97.18%, the acid value of 0.24 mg KOH/g, the kinematic viscosity of 4.64 cSt and the density of 869.9 kg/m3.

Investigation of the Structural and Dynamical Properties of Cu+ in Liquid Ammonia: A Quantum Mechanical Charge Field (QMCF) Molecular Dynamics Study Wahyu Dita Saputri; Karna Wijaya; Ria Armunanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A quantum mechanical charge field (QMCF) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been carried out to describe the structural and dynamical properties of Cu+ ion in liquid ammonia. The first and second shells were treated by ab initio quantum mechanics at the Hartree−Fock (HF) level with the DZP-Dunning basis set for ammonia and LANL2DZ ECP basis set for Cu. The system was equilibrated for 4 ps, then the trajectory data was collected every fifth step for 20 ps at 235.15 K. The structural analysis showed that in the first solvation shell, Cu+ is solvated by 4 ammonia molecules forming a stable structure of tetrahedral with Cu-N bond length of 2.15 Å, whereas in the second solvation shell there are 29 ammonia molecules that have an average distance of 4.79 Å to Cu+ ion. Mean residence time of 3.06 ps was observed for the ammonia ligand in the second solvation shell indicating for a highly unstable structure of the solvation shell. The obtained structure of the first solvation shell from this simulation is in excellent agreement with experimental data.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Linked by Methylene Bridge and Schiff Base of 4,4-Diaminodiphenyl Ether-Vanillin Ahmad Fatoni; Poedji Loekitowati Hariani; Hermansyah Hermansyah; Aldes Lesbani
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The synthesis chitosan-methylene bridge-Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin using casting method has been done. The aims of this research were modification chitosan with Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin, formaldehyde and its characterization using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM analysis, 1H-NMR and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. The first step was a synthesis of modified chitosan between chitosan and Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin. The second step was chitosan modified Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin then reacted with formaldehyde through casting method. The result showed that chitosan can be modified with Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin and formaldehyde and this modified chitosan can be linked by methylene bridge (-NH-CH2-NH-) and had azomethine group (-C=N-). The functional group of –C=N in modified chitosan before and after adding formaldehyde appeared at a constant wavenumber of 1597 cm-1. The functional group C-N in methylene bridge detected at 1388 and 1496 cm-1. The chitosan-Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin and Chitosan-methylene bridge-Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin had index crystalline (%)16.04 and 25.76, respectively. The chemical sift of signal proton azomethine group (-C=N-) in modified chitosan detected at 8.44–8.48 and 9.77 ppm. Proton from methylene bridge in modified chitosan appeared at 4.97–4.99 and 3.75 ppm. Surface morphology chitosan-methylene bridge-Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenylether-vanillin had dense surfaces, mostly uniform and regular in shape.

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