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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

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Chemical Composition, Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass Leaves Askal Maimulyanti; Anton Restu Prihadi; Iwan Safrudin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 16, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass is widely used in traditional medicine and used in the treatment of many diseases. Extraction of component in leaves of Acmella uliginosa used methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvent. The percentage yield of extract from the leaves in methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane were 6.50, 0.49, and 0.66, respectively. Analysis of component in various extracts of Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass leaves used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The various classes of phytochemicals were identified from fractions of methanolic leaves extract by GC-MS. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents in methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract were tannins, flavonoids, saponin, alkaloid and steroid. Antioxidant activity of Acmella uliginosa leaves from Indonesia was carried out by using 1,1,diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 of three extract was calculated. A comparative study determined that Acmella uliginosa in ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antioxidant potential (IC50 = 28.09 µg/mL) compared to methanol extract (IC50 = 44.31 µg/mL) and n-hexane extract (181.23 µg/mL) against DPPH free radicals.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Diazinon Using Titanium Oxide Synthesized by Alkaline Solvent Mohammad Rofik Usman; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti; Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Photoactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) can be improved by turning it into nanoparticles. Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles can be done by using hydrothermal method. Hydrothermal method is influenced by types of precursor, hydrothermal conditions, including time, temperature, type and concentration of reactants. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrothermal condition which produces crystals of TiO2 nanoparticles with high quality. The material used was titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as initial precursors and for the type of reactants was used aqudestilate, aquabidestilate, ethanol, t-butanol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The resulting diffractogram showed the crystal structure of TiO2 nanoparticles with anatase and rutile. Based on calculations using the scherrer equation, TiO2 crystal obtained had a crystal size below 50 nm in both anatase and rutile. The percentage of rutile and anatase composition was obtained by using rietveld method with the help of rietica software. Morphology of TiO2 anatase showed particles with shape of cubic, while rutile was flower-shaped.

Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil Using CaO/MCM-41 Catalyst Synthesized from Lapindo Mud by Sonochemical Method Ida Bagus Putra Mahardika; Wega Trisunaryanti; Triyono Triyono; Dwi Putra Wijaya; Kumala Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Transesterification of waste cooking oil using CaO/MCM-41 synthesized from Lapindo mud by the sonochemical method has been carried out. The silica was separated from the mud by reflux method used 6 M HCl and 6 M NaOH. The silica was then analyzed by XRF and used as silica source in MCM-41 synthesis. The synthesis of MCM-41 was carried out by the sonochemical method, then analyzed by XRD, Infrared spectrophotometer, SAA, and TEM. The Ca2+ was loaded onto the MCM-41 by wet impregnation method under variation of the Ca2+ content of 1.15, 1.29, 2.39, and 3.25 wt.% analyzed by ICP produced CaO(1), CaO(2), CaO(3), and CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst respectively. Transesterification of used cooking oil was carried out under methanol/oil mole ratio of 15/1, the temperature of 55, 65 and 75 °C, and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 5/100, 10/100 and 15/100 for 2 h by reflux method. The XRD analysis of the MCM-41 showed a characteristic peak at 2θ = 2-5°. The MCM-41 has a specific surface area of 1290 m2/g and pore diameter of 3.4 nm. The TEM images of MCM-41 showed ordered pore distribution with a hexagonal shape. The highest conversion of methyl ester was 78.17 wt.% obtained under the reaction conditions at 65 °C and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 15/100 using the CaO(4)/MCM-41. The lifetime CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst was 9.8 h.

Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Agents Teni Ernawati; Maksum Radji; Muhammad Hanafi; Abdul Mun’im; Arry Yanuar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper reviews biological activity of some cinnamic acid derivative compounds which are isolated from natural materials and synthesized from the chemical compounds as an agent of α-glucosidase inhibitors for the antidiabetic drug. Aegeline, anhydroaegeline and aeglinoside B are natural products isolated compounds that have potential as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. Meanwhile, α-glucosidase inhibitor class of derivatives of cinnamic acid synthesized compounds are p-methoxy cinnamic acid and p-methoxyethyl cinnamate. Chemically, cinnamic acid has three main functional groups: first is the substitution of the phenyl group, second is the additive reaction into the α-β unsaturated, and third is the chemical reaction with carboxylic acid functional groups. The synthesis and modification of the structure of cinnamic acid are very influential in inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase.

Preliminary Study on the Synthesis of Phosphorylated Mung Bean Starch: The Effect of pH on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties Illona Nathania; Asaf Kleopas Sugih; Henky Muljana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) is a grain legume widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Mung bean seeds contain a significant amount of carbohydrate (63%-w/w) and are easily digested compared to seeds from other legumes. Mung bean starch has the potential to be used as thickener or gelling agents in food industries. Certain functional properties of mung bean starch, however, still need to be improved. In this research, a preliminary study was performed to upgrade mung bean starch properties using phosphorylation reaction. In particular, the effect of starch suspension pH (6–10) on the functional properties of the modified products was investigated. Phosphorylation was carried out at 130 °C, for 2 h using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) with an intake of 5%-w based on dry starch. The phosphorylated products were subsequently washed with water and dried. The experimental results show that the P-content of the phosphorylated mung bean starch is accessible in the range of 0.04–0.08%. The solubility (6.09–11.37%-w/w) and swelling power (9.88–11.17 g/g) of the modified starch products have been improved compared to native starch (solubility = 6.06 %-w/w, swelling power = 8.05 g/g). Phosphorylation also proved to increase peak viscosity, paste clarity, and water absorption/oil absorption capacity of the products.

The Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Addition on 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) Biodegradation by Brown-rot Fungus Fomitopsis pinicola Atmira Sariwati; Adi Setyo Purnomo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Effect of addition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) biodegradation by Fomitopsis pinicola had been investigated. P. aeruginosa was added into F. pinicola culture at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 mL (1 mL ≈ 1.53 x 109 P. aeruginosa bacteria cells/mL culture). The addition of 10 mL of P. aeruginosa showed the highest DDT biodegradation approximately 68% during 7 days incubation in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium, which was higher than biodegradation of DDT by F. pinicola only (42%) at the same incubation time. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDMU) were detected as metabolites from DDT biodegradation by mixed cultures of F. pinicola and P. aeruginosa.

Purification and Characterization of Amyloglucosidase Enzyme from the Thermophilic Endomycopsis fibuligera Using Sago Starch as a Substrate Ahyar Ahmad; Harningsih Karim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 16, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An investigation on purification and characterization of amyloglucosidase enzyme from Endomycopsis fibuligera by fermentation of sago starch has been carried out. This enzyme is inductive and can be produced by fermenting sago starch in a medium containing E. fibuligera. Crude enzyme was obtained by centrifuging the medium cultures containing E. fibuligera at 6,000 rpm for 20 min and then adding with 0.15 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0). Enzyme activity was determined using Somogyi-Nelson method by quantifying the released glucose from amyloglucosidase catalysis of starch (0.2%) as substrate. Prepurification process was conducted by ammonium sulphate fractionation and it showed that the ammonium sulphate fractionation with the degree of saturation of 40-60% produced a maximum activity of enzyme. Purification by DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography produced three and one fractions with purifity 17.4 and 22.5 times, respectively, compared to the crude extract enzyme. Characterization of this enzyme showed the optimum condition at pH 5.0 and 55 °C with 0.2% starch as substrate. The amyloglucosidase activities was strongly increased by addition of Co2+ and Mn2+ ions, whereas the activities were weakly decreased by addition of K+, Mg2+, and Fe3+ ions.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Using Dawson Type Heteropoly Compounds/Tantalum as Catalyst Risfidian Mohadi; Lusi Teresia; Najma Annuria Fithri; Aldes Lesbani; Nurlisa Hidayati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 16, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Catalyst (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62]/Ta has been synthesized by simple wet impregnation at 30-40 °C under atmospheric conditions using Dawson type polyoxometalate (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62] and tantalum. The catalyst was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer, XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption desorption methods. FTIR spectrum of (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62]/Ta showed that Dawson type polyoxometalate (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62] and Ta was successfully impregnated which was indicated by vibration spectrum at wavenumber of 900-1100 cm-1 for polyoxometalate and 550 cm-1 for Ta. The surface area of the (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62]/Ta after impregnation was higher than (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62]•nH2O and its morphology was found to be uniform. The catalytic activity of (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62]/Ta toward desulfurization of dibenzothiophene was three times higher than the original catalyst of (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62]•nH2O without impregnation. The catalytic regeneration test of catalyst (NH4)6[b-P2W18O62]/Ta showed that the catalytic activity for first regeneration of catalyst has similar catalytic activity with the fresh catalyst without loss of catalytic activity indicated by almost similar percent conversion.

Detection of Taste Change of Bovine and Goat Milk in Room Ambient Using Electronic Tongue Imam Tazi; Anis Choiriyah; Dwi Siswanta; Kuwat Triyana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An electronic tongue (e-tongue) based on an array of lipid/polymer membranes has been successfully developed for measuring the taste evolution of natural milk. The e-tongue consisted of 16 different lipid/polymer membranes combined with or without a pH sensor. The natural milk of bovine and goat were purchased from the local farming store in Malang-Indonesia. The taste measurement was carried out, from fresh (0 h) to stale (12 h), every two hours under room ambient without any treatment. The responses of the e-tongue were evaluated using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). From PCA results, the taste of both milk samples tends to change by time although some groups show a partial overlapping. LDA results show the high precision of the e-tongue in clustering taste evolution. The correctly classified groups after the cross-validation procedure were achieved 95.7 and 87.1% for bovine and goat milk, respectively. The improvement of the classification using LDA was obtained by adding data from a pH sensor of each measurement as 100 and 98.6% for bovine and goat milk, respectively. This work indicates that the lab-made e-tongue may be useful to predict the quality of natural milk for the food industry.

Synthesis of A Novel Carrier Compound Thiazoethyl Methyl Eugenoxyacetate from Eugenol and Its Use in the Bulk Liquid Membrane Technique Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi; Pratama Jujur Wibawa; Ratna Hari Murti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Research into the synthesis and use of a novel carrier compound, thiazoethyl methyl eugenoxyacetic acid (TMEAA) for selective transport of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions in the bulk liquid membrane (BLM) technique was conducted. TMEAA was synthesized from eugenol. Eugenol was acidified into eugenoxyacetic acid and subsequently esterified using 4-methyl-5-thiazoethanol. Analysis of the result was performed using GC-MS and FTIR. The TMEAA obtained was liquid, viscous, blackish-brown and fragrant, with a yield of 88%. This compound was soluble in benzene and chloroform but insoluble in methanol. The GC-MS analysis result showed the presence of a single peak, with a retention time of 26.5 min and an area of 100%, while the disappearance of vibration mode at 1727 cm-1 was attributed to acid absorption and the FTIR spectrum indicated that formation of an ester group had occurred. TMEAA was used as a carrier compound in the BLM technique to transport Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III), using chloroform as a solvent. The results showed that TMEAA was more selective for Cu(II) and Cd(II) than Cr(III). Moreover, the research proved that N and S groups of TMEAA were selective for Cu (II) and Cd (II).

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