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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

76 77 78 79 80

Removal of Heavy Metals from Leachate Using Electro-Assisted Phytoremediation (EAPR) and Up-Take by Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) Rudy Syah Putra; Febby Yulia Hastika
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The garbage disposal management using landfill system produces an unpleasant odor of wastewater (i.e. leachate) which can disrupt the groundwater equilibrium in the rainy season. The combination of electro-assisted and phytoremediation which is hereinafter referred as Electro-Assisted Phytoremediation (EAPR) for removal of heavy metals from leachate has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. A batch reactor setting was used to evaluate the potential removal and uptake of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb) concentration by water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) in the aquatic environment. An EAPR system was carried out for 11 d using constant voltage of 2 V. The results showed that the heavy metals concentration in the leachate decreased significantly for Cu, Fe, Cd and Pb metals from their initial concentration. The EAPR process could reduce as much as 77.8, 22, 31.6 and 30.0%, respectively for Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb. Decreasing of heavy metals was followed by decreasing of TDS, electrical conductivity but increased DO concentration. Chlorophyll content in a treated plant with EAPR system showed that the water hyacinth could cope with the stress condition meanwhile accumulated high heavy metal concentration from the leachate.

Preparation of Graphene-Polyaniline-Cellulose Double Network Hydrogels Using One Pot Method by Gamma Irradiation with Electrochemical Properties Deni Swantomo; Kris Tri Basuki; Sigit Sigit; Yadi Yunus
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In order to achieve high performance of electrochemical properties, numerous efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced multi-component hybrid double network hydrogel materials. In this research, the double network hydrogels were synthesized using one pot method by graft copolymerization of aniline onto graphene and cellulose using gamma irradiation as initiator. The formation of the double network hydrogels was confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the crystalline was increased through graft copolymerization graphene-aniline-cellulose double network. It was found that the crosslink density increased with increasing aniline volume and increasing radiation doses inversely with the swelling degree. Electrochemical measurements exhibited that increasing aniline volume and radiation doses increased specific capacitance and conductivity of the hydrogels. When compared with the pure graphene, the synthesized double network hydrogels exhibits remarkably enhanced specific capacitance of 9.774 F g-1 and conductivity i.e. 4.766 x 10-2 Scm-1 in 0.5 M HCl solution at aniline volume 8 mL and radiation dose 80 kGy. The improved electrochemical properties of the double network hydrogels represented an alternative promising candidate for the application as energy storage devices and offered a new facile method.

Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2(rod)-SiO2-Polyaniline Nanocomposite Sri Wahyuni; Eko Sri Kunarti; Respati Tri Swasono; Indriana Kartini
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A study of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composites coated with polyaniline (PANI) has been performed. PANI was synthesized through in-situ polymerization of aniline at various concentration (0.0137, 0.0274, and 0.0411 M) on the composite under acidic condition. PANI was confirmed by the appearance of C=N, C=C vibrations and the redshift of the band-gap from 3.14 eV for the TiO2(rod)-SiO2 into 3.0 eV for the TSP01 composite. It is also shown that the polymerization does not change the crystal structure of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 as confirmed by the XRD pattern. The TEM image shows a mixed structure of SiO2 coated by TiO2(rod)-PANI layers and the oxides coated by PANI layers. Therefore, the surface area of the resulted TiO2(rod) and the composites did not change significantly. The T TiO2(rod)-SiO2-PANI composite give small improvement under visible irradiation from 20.25 to 25.59% (around 5% from the bulk of TiO2(rod)) and from 25.03 to 25.59% (around 2% from TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composite). The mixed structure of the composites, as well as the formation of excessive layers of PANI, are possibly the case for the low photoactivity. Further improvement to obtain a core-shell structure with a thin layer of PANI is still sought.

Influence of Chemical Treatments Sequence on Morphology and Crystallinity of Sorghum Fibers Ismojo Ismojo; Abdul Aziz Ammar; Ghiska Ramahdita; Anne Zulfia; Mochamad Chalid
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) derived from natural fibre is continuously gaining interest to produce an environmentally-friendly material, due to economic and ecological reasons. In consequence, sorghum is one of the most-cultivated crops that usually remain the waste as by product of bioethanol production. Indeed, it will be a promising area to utilize sorghum waste to produce MFC for enhancing polymer performance, especially in terms of crystallinity. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a sequence of chemical modification was applied to sorghum fibres, i.e. alkalization using 4% sodium hydroxide followed by bleaching using 1.7% sodium chlorite plus acetic acid as a buffer. The treatment was purposed to unbundle the lignocellulose networks into microfibrils cellulose with less amorphous part and lower hydrophilic properties. Evaluation of the chemical treatments effect on internal microstructure, crystallinity index and chemical composition of sorghum fibre was measured via Field-Emission Scanning Electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The experiments show that treatments led to a removal of binding materials, such as amorphous parts hemicellulose and lignin, from the sorghum fibres, resulting MFC of sorghum fibres and enhanced crystallinity index from 41.12 % to 75.73%.

Analysis Methods for Development of Standard Reference Material (SRM) Zircon Minerals Synthesis Samin Samin; Susanna Tuning Sunanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The synthesis method of in-house zircon minerals certified reference material (CRM) from Kalimantan (Tumbang Titi), and Bangka has been studied with statistical method of ISO 13528-2008 and ISO 35-2006. Zircon Minerals weighing of 10 kg, and it was dried at 90 °C for 2 × 6 h in a closed room, then crushed with a Ball-Mill up to passes 200 mesh, and homogenized in a homogenizer for 3 × 6 h. The water content in zircon minerals powder is tested by gravimetric method, whereas the homogeneity and stability assessed by statistical methods. Zircon mineral powders are distributed to seven accredited testing laboratory for testing the composition and content of the oxides with the validated analytical methods. Standardization and characterization of candidate zircon mineral certified reference materials are done by using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and used standard materials of JCRM R 502 from Japan. The test results of oxide concentrations from various laboratories processed with statistical methods. From the data by test laboratories obtained 40 bottles of the prototype in-house certified reference materials zircon mineral powders from Kalimantan and Bangka with a capacity of 100 g. Based on standardization and characterization test data obtained a major chemical compound on zircon minerals Kalimantan and Bangka similar to the standard that is ZrSiO4. This in-house CRM is traced to certified reference materials from Japan (JCRM-502).

Sequential Condensation and Hydrodeoxygenation Reaction of Furfural-Acetone Adduct over Mix Catalysts Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 in Water Siti Mariyah Ulfa; Rizka Fauzia Ohorella; Caterina Widya Astutik
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sequential condensation and hydrodeoxygenation reaction were perform using autoclave batch reactor in the presence of water as a solvent. The condensation of furfural and acetone was performed using MgO catalyst followed by hydrodeoxygenation using mix catalyst Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2. The catalyst was prepared by wet-impregnation method and analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDX as well as BET surface. Condensation of furfural and acetone in 1:2 mol ratio was carried out by reflux gave 4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one and 1,5-bis-(2-furanyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one. The condensation product was then subjected for hydrodeoxygenation using batch reactor, catalyzed by mixed Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 at 150 and 180 °C for 2 h. The product identified as alkane derivatives with the conversion at 38.83 and 50.35%, respectively. The selectivity of hydrocarbon is 61.39% at 150 °C and 16.55% at 180 °C. Increasing the reaction temperature to 200 °C did not give any products except the recovery of the precursor. It showed that higher temperature enhanced the catalyst activity but the selectivity is controlled by low reaction temperature.

Effect of Oxidation Agents on Photo-Decolorization of Vitamin B12 in the Presence of ZnO/UV-A System Luma Majeed Ahmed; Shaymaa Ibrahim Saaed; Ashraff Aziz Marhoon
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aim of this work was to apply the many various oxidation agents namely H2O2, K2S2O8 and Fe2+ on the aqueous solution of vitamin B12 with the presence of ZnO. The results indicated that the use of the mixture of H2O2 and K2S2O8 in suspension of vitamin B12 and ZnO gave a maximum efficiency percentage about 95.85% in 12 min; it was higher than that without the addition of oxidation reagent 79.33% in the same time. The obtained results demonstrated that the activation energy for this photoreaction without the addition of oxidation agent was more than that the apparent activation energy value with the used mixture of H2O2 and K2S2O8. The thermodynamic study showed that both reactions were endothermic, less-random and non-spontaneous. The ΔH# with the oxidant agents (31.43 kJ mol-1) is less than that without using oxidant agents (35.81 kJ mol-1). Moreover, the addition of series of oxidant agent solution to vitamin B12 solution led to change the photocatalytic activity for decolorization of vitamin B12 in suspension solution of ZnO, and was found the activity sequence as follows: (H2O2 + K2S2O8) > (H2O2 + Fe(II)) (Fenton reaction) > (H2O2) > (K2S2O8) > (without the oxidation agents) > (K2S2O8 + Fe(II)) > Fe(II).

Characterization of Semi-Interpenetrated Network Alginate/Gelatin Wound Dressing Crosslinked at Sol Phase Dian Pribadi Perkasa; Erizal Erizal; Tri Purwanti; Alva Edy Tontowi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Gel contraction of alginate during ionic crosslinking at sol phase was reduced by blending with gelatin solution due to intermolecular interaction and chain entanglement. The semi-interpenetrated network (semi-IPN) of wound dressing hydrogels were prepared by overlaid alginate/gelatin blend with 1.0% (w/w) CaCl2 solution under ambient temperature for 2 h. Results showed that gel contraction was significantly reduced with increasing gelatin content i.e. from 40.5 ± 5.8% for pure alginate to as low as 5.8 ± 1.2% for alginate/gelatin of 1:7 (w/w). It seems that gelatin successfully inhibited alginate chains mobility during their network re-arrangement by Ca2+ cation. The FTIR spectra of hydrogels showed combination of characteristic vibration of alginate and gelatin. Increasing gelatin content also significantly improved elasticity and tensile strength at break of dried hydrogels. Swelling kinetics of dried hydrogels were fitted Schott’s second-order power-law model. Increasing gelatin fraction increased the swelling rate while decreased the swelling at equilibrium. Their absorptive capacity were of interval for management of moderate to heavily exudating wound.

Alumina Extraction from Red Mud by Magnetic Separation Suprapto Suprapto; Zahrotul Istiqomah; Eko Santoso; Ahmad Anwarud Dawam; Didik Prasetyoko
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Alumina extraction from red mud has been investigated by magnetic separation with three-step treatment. First, the addition of red mud with Na2CO3 (12 wt%) and heated at 110 °C for 4 h. The second step was carbon reduction using coal with mass ratio of (red mud+Na2CO3) : coal was 1:3 then roasted at temperature of 850, 950, and 1050 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The third step was magnetic separation. The magnetic separation was carried out in order to remove magnetite produced during roasting process. Magnetic and non-magnetic phases obtained were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDX techniques. The non-magnetic phase obtained was leached using HCl 6 M, and then aluminum content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The result revealed that the highest aluminum oxide extracted from the red mud was 20.66 wt% obtained by roasting at temperature of 1050 °C for 2 h.

Solar Based Photocatalytic Decolorization of Four Commercial Reactive Dyes Utilizing Bound TiO2-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite Yoanes Maria Vianney; Ivana Rosalyn; Stephanie Angela
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Dye effluent is one of the most prominent source of water contamination. This study investigated the solar based photocatalytic decolorization of four commercial reactive dyes, which are Reactive Turquoise Blue G 133, Reactive Yellow M4g, Reactive Bordeaux B, and Reactive Red M8b using immobilized TiO2-Fe3O4 on three kind of binders as the support, specifically cyanoacrylate glue, oil-based paint, and white Portland cement on PVC plate. TiO2-Fe3O4 was synthesized using sol-gel method and placed in muffle furnace at 773 K. The composite of TiO2-Fe3O4 was characterized using SEM-EDX and XRD. White cement emerged as the best binder in term of the color removal efficiency of all four dyes compared to other binders, which were more than 90% color removal after 3 h of solar irradiation. Moreover, there was significant enhancement on color removal using immobilized photocatalyst on white cement compared to mobile photocatalyst. The kinetic of the decolorization performance followed the pseudo-first-order reaction. The apparent reaction rate constant was found to decrease along with the increase of the dye concentration. The photodecolorization kinetics fitted the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. These protocols and results can be applied into textile industrial primary wastewater treatment using solar as a sustainable light and energy source.

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