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INDONESIA
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan
Published by Kementerian Perdagangan
ISSN : 19799187     EISSN : 25282751     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
First published in 2007, Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan (BILP) is a scientific journal published by the Trade Analysis dan Development Agency (Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan - BPPP), Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. This bulletin is expected to be a media of dissemination and analysis of research results to be used as references for academics, practitioners, policy-makers, and the general public. In collaboration with professional associations, The Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics (Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia - PERHEPI), BILP publishes research reports and analysis of trade sector and/or sector-related trade which have not been published in any other journals/scholarly publications, either in Bahasa Indonesia or English. Publishing twice a year in July and December, this Bulletin is directly disseminated to stakeholders both in print and online.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 209 Documents
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FLUKTUASI HARGA BAHAN PANGAN POKOK (BAPOK) DAN DAYA BELI KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT BERPENDAPATAN RENDAH Ranni Resnia
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 6 No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1198.204 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v6i2.130

Abstract

Harga bahan pangan pokok cenderung meningkat selama 3 tahun terakhir dan diprediksi akan terus naik. Harga tersebut naik 5-12% per tahun selama tahun 1999-2011. Harga beras, gula dan daging ayam juga cukup berfluktuasi dengan Koefisien Keragaman masingmasing sebesar 13,7%, 10,0% dan 9,1%. Hasil analisis paritas impor juga menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan harga eceran domestik untuk beras dan tepung terigu dengan paritas impornya adalah 20,0% dan 59,4 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa konsumen tidak menerima harga yang seharusnya yang mungkin disebabkan oleh tidak efisiennya proses produksi dan distribusi serta struktur pasar yang kurang kompetitif. Namun demikian, kenaikan harga-harga tersebut tidak dapat dikompensasikan secara proporsional oleh kenaikan pendapatan beberapa kelompok masyarakat. Oleh karena itu analisis ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pengaruh dinamika harga bahan pangan pokok terhadap daya beli masyarakat berpendapatan rendah dengan metode rasio dan indeks. Hasil analisis menunjukkan khususnya pada krisis pangan tahun 2009, daya beli mereka turun 1–5%. Selama periode tersebut, daya beli buruh tani dan bangunan masing-masing turun 5% dan 3%. Bahkan, sejak tahun 2005 daya beli buruh manufaktur sudah mengalami penurunan. Prices of staple  foods  have been increasing for last three years and estimated to continue to rise. The prices have grown 5-12% annually during the period of 1999-2011. In particular, prices of rice, sugar and chicken meat were also considerably fluctuated with Coefficient of Variation (CV) of 13.7%, 10,0% and 9.1%, respectively. Additionally, import parity analysis shows that discrepancies between domestic retail price of rice and wheat flour and their import parity reached 20,0%  and 59.4%, respectively. This indicates that consumers receive higher prices than they should have due to inefficiency in production process, distribution and less competitive market structure. Nonetheless, the price hikes are not fully compensated by wage increase of low-income groups. In the period of 2009 food crisis, their  purchasing power declined by 1–5%. During the period, purchasing power of labors in agriculture and construction sector was declining by 5% and 3% respectively. Purchasing power of labors in manufacturing sector has even started declining since 2005.
PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DI INDONESIA Suci Safitriani
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7401.063 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v8i1.89

Abstract

Invesment (FDI) di Indonesia dengan menggunakan analisis regresi secara terpisah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan satu arah antara ekspor dan FDI dan terdapat hubungan dua arah antara impor dan FDI di Indonesia. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa FDI memberikan dampak jangka panjang yang positif terhadap ekspor, sementara dalam jangka pendek, FDI berdampak negatif terhadap ekspor. Namun dalam hal impor, ditemukan bahwa FDI memiliki dampak positif terhadap impor meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan. Oleh karena itu pemerintah perlu mengambil langkah untuk meningkatkan FDI di Indonesia, tidak hanya pada sektor domestik tetapi juga pada sektor yang berorientasi ekspor. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the flow of the international trade and foreign direct investment in Indonesia using a separate Regression analysis. The study found that there is a significant relation between export and FDI and between import and FDI. However, the effect of FDI on the export in the long run is positive while in the short run it was found negative and insignificant. Therefore, the Government needs to formulate policies to promote FDI at both national level as well as at the international level.
TINGKAT INTEGRASI PASAR AYAM BROILER DI SENTRA PRODUKSI UTAMA: STUDI KASUS JAWA TIMUR DAN JAWA BARAT Rahayu Ningsih; Dwi Wahyuniarti Prabowo
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 11 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (444.485 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v11i2.231

Abstract

Ayam broiler merupakan salah satu komoditi pangan yang harganya cenderung meningkat dan mengalami fluktuasi harga cukup tinggi diantara komoditi pangan lainnya. Fluktuasi harga yang tinggi menyebabkan disinsentif bagi pelaku usaha sektor perunggasan karena mengakibatkan ketidakpastian berusaha. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar vertikal ayam broiler di tingkat peternak-pedagang besar dan pedagang besar-pengecer di sentra produksi utama yakni Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat. Tingkat transmisi harga dalam studi ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan model Ravallion. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa tidak terjadi integrasi pasar di tingkat peternak-pedagang besar baik di Jawa Timur maupun Jawa Barat begitu pula di tingkat pedagang besar-pengecer di Jawa Barat. Namun demikian untuk Jawa Timur, terjadi integrasi pasar di tingkat pedagang besar-pengecer. Dengan tidak terintegrasinya pasar secara vertikal, maka ada kecenderungan bahwa margin keuntungan tidak terdistribusi dengan baik di tiap pelaku dalam rantai distribusi. Hasil studi ini merekomendasikan perlu adanya peningkatan transmisi harga dari pedagang pengecer ke pedagang besar dan selanjutnya ke peternak melalui peningkatan akses informasi pasar secara transparan dengan menyediakan fasilitas dan infrastruktur informasi harga secara online. As one of the staple foods in Indonesia, chicken broiler prices tend to increase and experience price fluctuation. This high price fluctuation generates disincentive for the poultry sector that leads to business uncertainty. This study analyzed vertical market integration of chicken broiler at the level of farmers-wholesalers and wholesalers-retailers in the main production centers (East Java and West Java Province). The Ravallion model approach was used to analyze price transmission. The results of the analysis concluded that there was no vertical market integration at the farmers-wholesalers level in both East Java and West Java as well as at the level of wholesalers-retailers in West Java. However, for East Java there was a vertical market integration in the wholesalers-retailers level. Vertical price disintegration reflects a tendency that profit margins werenot well distributed in the distribution chain. This study recommended that increasing the transmission of prices from retailers to wholesalers and subsequently to the farmers can be done through increasing the access of market information by providing facilities and infrastructure in the form of online price information.
DAYA SAING TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA LOKAL DI PASAR DALAM NEGERI Yudha Hadian Nur; Devi Apriana
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 7 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (390.617 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v7i1.101

Abstract

Sebagai bahan baku utama industri rokok Indonesia terutama untuk pembuatan rokok sigaret putih, tembakau Virginia lokal belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan industri rokok dalam negeri. Studi ini mengkaji kemampuan daya saing tembakau Virginia lokal di pasar domestik dibandingkan dengan tembakau Virginia impor dengan menggunakan Competitive Position Analysis (CPA) yang menitikberatkan kepada cost based dan quality based competitiveness. Data yang dianalisa didasarkan kepada data tembakau Virginia yang diproduksi di Bojonegoro (Jawa Timur) dan Lombok Timur (Nusa Tenggara Barat). Daya saing tembakau ditentukan oleh harga yang kompetitif, kualitas, rasa, dan pasokan yang stabil dan berkesinambungan. Ternyata harga jual tembakau Virginia lokal kurang kompetitif. Dari sisi kualitas, tembakau lokal mempunyai kualitas yang relatif rendah karena diferensiasi, varietas, dan rasa yang lebih terbatas. Secara umum, posisi daya saing tembakau Virginia lokal di pasar dalam negeri masih kalah dengan produk sejenis dari impor. Budidaya yang efektif dan efisien dengan bimbingan teknis dan tersedianya varietas unggul yang beragam harus diupayakan untuk meningkatkan daya saingnya di pasar domestik. Local Virginia tobacco is the main material for the production of white cigarretes in Indonesia, but local supply is unable to meet increasing domestic demand. This paper studies the competitiveness of local Virginia tobacco in the domestic market compared to imported products by applying Competitive Position Analysis (CPA). CPA analyzes both quality and cost based competitiveness. The data used in this study are from field research in Bojonegoro (Jawa Timur) and Lombok Timur (Nusa Tenggara Barat). This study finds that the factors affecting the competitiveness of local tobacco are price, quality, taste, and stable and continue supply. The price of local Virginia tobacco is less competitive and the quality is low due to limited products and variety and poor taste. Therefore, the competitive position of local Virginia tobacco is low. To improve the competitivenes of Indonesian tobacco, the government should provide farmers with extension services on effective and efficient farming techniques and promote the availability of better varieties of tobacco seeds.
ANALISIS PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN INDONESIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKSPOR MAKANAN OLAHAN: STUDI KASUS NEGARA TUJUAN EKSPOR VIETNAM . Ernawati
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 4 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4754.553 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v4i1.157

Abstract

In 2007, the government of Indonesia had a target to increase export of processed food products by 6.6% of 2007’s export value; it is about US$ 148.67 million. Of this value 63.02% (US$93.77 million) was targeted coming from Vietnam’s export. How Indonesia should reach this target?. utilizing the data provided by the Ministry of Trade, International Trade Center (ITC), and World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) the study has tried to answer this question. This study has the objectives: (1) to determine Indonesian opportunity to increase processed food products in Vietnam market by using trade performance indicator, and (2) to determine the comparative advantage of the processed-food products which already identified in the first step using the Revealed Comparative Index (RCA). This study also utilized the primary data collected from the interview.This study concluded that Indonesia still had opportunity to increase exports to Vietnam, particularly on processed food products on which Vietnam does not has competitive advantage. These products included HS 15 (Animal, vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc), 08 (edible fruits, nuts, peel of citrus fruit, melons) , HS 03 (Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic invertebrates nes), HS 09 (Coffee, tea, maté and Spices), 24 HS (Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes) and HS 21 (Miscellaneous edible preparations). However, this opportunity was even bigger if Indonesia can improve its competitiveness and products value added. It can be done by enhancing the products packaging.
PENENTUAN NEGARA PRIORITAS PENGEMBANGAN ATDAG DAN ITPC MELALUI METODE ANALITYCAL HIERARCHY PROCESS Hasni Hasni; Fitria Faradila
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 10 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v10i1.30

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kriteria-kriteria penentuan negara prioritas untuk pengembangan Atase Perdagangan (Atdag)/Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre (ITPC), dan mengidentifikasi negara-negara prioritas untuk mengembangkan Atdag/ITPC yang sudah ada atau mendirikan Atdag/ITPC yang baru. Metode pengkajian yang digunakan adalah Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data sekunder bersumber dari BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank dan CEPII. Sedangkan data primer diperoleh dari kegiatan FGD dengan para pelaku ekspor, akademisi dan pejabat Disperindag Jakarta dan Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kriteria yang digunakan dalam pemilihan negara prioritas Atdag dan ITPC secara berturut-turut adalah country risk; commercial infrastructure; market growth; trade complementary index; market intensity; trade openness; dan trade cooperation. Keberadaan Atdag dan ITPC sebagai perwakilan perdagangan berperan penting dalam peningkatan ekspor, sehingga perlu penguatan dan pengembangan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan Atdag dan ITPC di 16 negara prioritas serta pembentukan Atdag dan atau ITPC baru di tiga negara prioritas, yaitu Myanmar, Swedia dan Austria. This study aims to develop the main criteria to determine priority countries for new Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives and to identify priority countries for further development of the Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives.This study employs an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The secondary data were collected from the BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank and CEPII. The primary data were collected from qualitative research using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the stakeholders in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. The results showed that the main criteria for choosing countries for establishing Atdag and ITPC in sequence were country risk, commercial infrastructure, market growth, trade complementary index, market intensity, trade openness, and trade cooperation. The presence of Trade Attaché/ITPC Representative in many countries has an important role in increasing Indonesia’s export. However, further efforts are required to strengthen their roles, particularly in 16 countries. This study recommends to establish trade attaché and or ITPC in three potential countries: Myanmar, Sweden and Austria.
PROSPEK PERDAGANGAN UDANG INDONESIA A. Elly Samah
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1072.111 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v1i2.300

Abstract

Udang merupakan komoditas unggulan yang mempunyai nilai ekspor terbesar sekitar 21% dari perdagangan dunia hasil perikanan. Untuk Indonesia udang merupakan komoditi ekspor andalan dan sumber perolehan devisa mengingkat sekitar 50% dari total ekspor hasil perikanan bersumber dari komoditas ini.Di pasar internasional posisi udang Indonesia semakin tertinggal, karena beberapa pasar utama yang dulu dikuasai oleh udang dari Indonesia seperti Amerika Serikat dan Jepang saat ini telah dikuasai oleh udang dari Vietnam, Thailand, dan Cina. Sebelumnya Indonesia selalu menjadi pemasok utama untuk negara-negara tersebut. Penyebab terjadinya penurunan pasokan dan daya saing udang Indonesia karena tidak efisiennya usaha budidaya udang di dalam negeri akibat buruknya infrastruktur dan maraknya pungutan liar di lapangan.Sementara itu infrastruktur budidaya udang Thailand lebih bagus, jalan raya ke lokasi budidaya beraspal mulus dan disediakan listrik dengan harga subsidi serta insentif lain yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas produksi udang negara tersebut.Amerika Serikat mengenakan bea masuk anti dumping terhadap enam negara pemasok udang antara lain Thailand, Cina, Vietnam, India, Ekuador, Brazil sejak tahun 2004. Kondisi ini merupakan peluang bagi Indonesia untuk merebut pasar di Amerika Serikat jika dapat meningkatkan daya saingnya.
DAMPAK LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP MAKRO DAN SEKTORAL EKONOMI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL EKONOMI KESEIMBANGAN UMUM . Kasan
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 5 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2276.441 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v5i2.123

Abstract

Recently, trade liberalization issue particularly in agriculture sector has become the main issue in Doha Development Agenda-wTO. Trade liberalization in agriculture sector affected trade flow of primary agriculture products in global market particularly from developing countries to developed countries. This study analyzes the impact of trade liberalization in agriculture sector on macro and economic sectors of Indonesia, using general equilibrium economic model approach by employing gTAp model. It uses the data from the GTAP Version7. The main results show that trade liberalization in agriculture sector benefited developed countries such as the united states of America, Rusia, and european union. On the other hand, some developing countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia were negatively affected. furthermore, trade liberalization in agriculture sector reduced output of agriculture sector in Indonesia. nevertheless, the output of manufacturing sector increased because of reallocation of input factor from agriculture to manufacturing.
KEBIJAKAN STABILISASI HARGA MINYAK GORENG Astari Wirastuti; Hamdani Surachman
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 3 No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4439.815 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v3i1.174

Abstract

Generally,   the retail price stability of cooking oil has decreased in the past two years. Cooking oil price shocks hit Indonesia from January 2000 up to December 2007 due to the increase of gasoline price and the fluctuation of CPO price in the international market. The result of this research shows that there are five variables which significantly influence the cooking oil price: CPO international price (in US Dollar), excange rate, export tax, food crisis (dummy variable) a previous cooking oil price. It is r4commended that the  Govermment of Indonesia (GOI) should only focus on the implementation of two policies : progressive export tax and subsidy  for poor people. From the location aspect, GOI should focus its policies in Medan, Jakarta and Makasar. Medan and Jakarta suffers the most frequent price shocks, while Makasar suffers the highest price shocks.
PELUANG EKSPOR JASA INDONESIA KE JEPANG MELALUI MODE 3 (COMMERCIAL PRESENCE) DAN MODE 4 (MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS) PADA KERJASAMA IJEPA Muhammad Fawaiq
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8476.021 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v8i1.84

Abstract

Kemitraan ekonomi Indonesia dan Jepang (IJEPA) telah diratifikasi pada tahun 2008. Dalam lima tahun implementasinya, pemanfaatan sektor jasa Jepang oleh Indonesia hanya terbatas pada jasa perawat dan caregiver. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai komitmen Jepang dan identifikasi sektor jasa yang dibuka oleh Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk membandingkan komitmen antara Indonesia dengan Jepang dan metode Indeks Hoekman untuk memetakan tingkat komitmen sektor jasa kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jepang membuka 137 sub sektor dan rata-rata sebanyak 100 sub sektor diantaranya dibuka tanpa persyaratan. Peluang ekspor tertinggi Indonesia ke Jepang pada moda 3 dan moda 4 yaitu 27 sub sektor jasa bisnis, lima sub sektor jasa komunikasi, dua sub sektor jasa pendidikan, empat sub sektor jasa lingkungan, tiga sub sektor jasa pariwisata, empat sub sektor jasa rekreasi, budaya dan olah raga, enam sub sektor jasa transportasi dan lima sub sektor jasa lainnya. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan peluang tersebut maka pemerintah Indonesia perlu mempromosikan sektor jasanya ke Jepang dan melakukan negosiasi lanjutan terkait penghapusan hambatan-hambatan lain di sektor jasa. Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) has been ratified in 2008. During the 5 years-implementation, Indonesia has been utilizing nurse and caregiver sectors. This research aims to review Japan’s commitment on trade in services and to identify which sectors/sub-sectors that could benefit Indonesia. Descriptive analysis is used to compare the commitments in services sector between Indonesia and Japan and Hoekman Index to map the degree of commitments. The results showed that Japan has committed to open 137 subsectors and to give full commitment to 100 subsectors. Among the services subsectors that can be utilized by Indonesia through Mode 3 (commercial presence) and Mode 4 (movement of natural person) are 27 in businesses, five in communication, two in education, four in recreation, six in transportation and five in other services. This study recommends Indonesia to promote her services sector to Japan and to negotiate in reducing other barriers in services sector.

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