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Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan

bilp
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Published by Kementerian Perdagangan

ISSN : 19799187 EISSN : 25282751 DOI : -

Core Subject : Economy,

Economics, Econometrics & Finance

First published in 2007, Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan (BILP) is a scientific journal published by the Trade Analysis dan Development Agency (Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan - BPPP), Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. This bulletin is expected to be a media of dissemination and analysis of research results to be used as references for academics, practitioners, policy-makers, and the general public. In collaboration with professional associations, The Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics (Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia - PERHEPI), BILP publishes research reports and analysis of trade sector and/or sector-related trade which have not been published in any other journals/scholarly publications, either in Bahasa Indonesia or English. Publishing twice a year in July and December, this Bulletin is directly disseminated to stakeholders both in print and online.

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Articles 209 Documents

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KESIAPAN STANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA DALAM RANGKA HARMONISASI STANDAR ASEAN Firman Mutakin; Aziza R Salam
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 3 No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

A mapping on priority products for harmonization is urgently needed in order to prepare Indonesia National Standard (Nasional Indonesia/SNI) for ASEAN standard harmonization. By using five parameters (export value, competitiveness, SNI status, test laboratory, and LSPro) for electronic products and electronic products and electric several findings can be described as follow:8 (eight) product standar have better readiness to be listed as top priority for harmonization , 6 (six) standards should be next in line for harmonization and 50 (fifty) standars become the las priority for harmonization are : copper cathodes; sound system equipment part-5 sound system; capacitor for electrical apparatus; floursecent lamp incandescent lamp incandescent starter; ceramic block for terminal; Zinc flat steel wire shielded electric cables; alternating current lamp fitting; and tube shape flourescent lamp for general use. To further encourage Indonesia readiness towards standard harmonization in ASEAN level, several crash programmes need to be initiated, such as: 1. Immediate revision for the top priority standards which fall into the first priority scale according to the latest international standard revision guidelines; 2. To facilitate the development quality test institution and LSPros which hold complete competence and distribute accordingly with their industry distributions.

ANALISIS PENENTUAN PELABUHAN IMPOR PRODUK HORTIKULTURA: APLIKASI METODE ECKENRODE Aziza Rahmaniar Salam
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Tulisan ini mengkaji kriteria pelabuhan impor sebagai pintu masuk produk hortikultura. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode pembobotan Eckenrode yaitu metode pembobotan yang digunakan untuk menentukan derajat kepentingan dari setiap kriteria yang ditetapkan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Dengan metode tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa kriteria utama dari pelabuhan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pintu masuk impor produk hortikultura adalah (1) kriteria keamanan, ketahanan, dan pelayanan pelabuhan, (2) kriteria ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, (3) kriteria fasilitas pelabuhan laut, (4) kriteria proteksi terhadap produk lokal, dan (5) kriteria wilayah perairan untuk pelabuhan laut. Kriteria pelabuhan tersebut dapat dijadikan rujukan bagi pengambil keputusan untuk menentukan pelabuhan yang akan ditetapkan sebagai pintu masuk impor produk hortikultura. Diharapkan bahwa beberapa pelabuhan seperti Belawan, Tanjung Perak, Batu Ampar, Soekarno Hatta dan Bitung dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai pelabuhan impor dengan meningkatkan fasilitas pelabuhan laut dan wilayah perairan untuk pelabuhan laut, diantaranya fasilitas untuk tempat sandar kapal, pengembangan pelabuhan dan tempat karantina. This paper studies the criteria for determining port of the imported horticultural products. The study uses Eckenrode weighting analysis to indicate the degree of the importance of each of the selected criteria. The results find that the main criteria of the port to be eligible as an entrance point of the imported horticultural products are (1) Security, Resilience, and Service Ports, (2) Human Resource Availability, (3) Seaport Facilities, (4) Protection Against Local Products, and (5) Port Inland Sea Region. This paper suggests that several ports, namely, Belawan, Tanjung Perak, Batu Ampar, Soekarno Hatta and Bitung are qualified if these ports are able to increase facilities of sea ports and marine waters for sea ports which include facilities to berth the ship, port development and the place of quarantine.

ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TARIF IMPOR SERAT KAPAS TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI SERAT KAPAS DI INDONESIA Iwan Hermawan
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 6 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v6i1.140

Serat kapas sebagai bahan baku utama turut mendorong perkembangan industri TPT, namun hampir seluruhnya justru diimpor. Di sisi lain Indonesia memiliki potensi besar untuk mengembangkan tanaman serat kapas. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, serat kapas merupakan bagian dari sistem industri nasional dan intervensi Pemerintah diharapkan dapat mengamankan penerimaan negara dan meningkatkan kemandirian terhadap serat kapas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan tarif impor terhadap kesejahteraan petani kapas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data runtut waktu dan pendekatan persamaan simultan yang dikonstruksikan dalam model ekonomi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan (1) kebijakan menaikkan tarif impor serat kapas belum mampu meningkatkan dan mencapai target produksi yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pertanian meskipun kebijakan ini mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani serat kapas di dalam negeri, (2) kombinasi kebijakan tarif impor dengan ekstensifikasi luas lahan tanaman kapas berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan produksi serat kapas di dalam negeri, meskipun memiliki dampak positif yang relatif kecil terhadap kesejahteraan petani dibanding kebijakan lainnya pada masa mendatang. Kombinasi kebijakan ini memiliki arti penting untuk mendorong poduksi serat kapas di dalam negeri, dan (3) tanpa adanya kebijakan tarif impor serat kapas, kenaikan harga dunia serat kapas mampu memberikan dampak positif yang terbesar terhadap kesejahteraan petani serat kapas di dalam negeri. Cotton is a raw material behind the rapidly expanding textile and product textile industry, which most of cotton is imported. On the other side Indonesia’a area is potential for cotton cultivation. Due to that phenomenon, cotton is part of the national industrial system and government intervention is expected to ensure budget revenues and self sufficiency. This research is to analyze the impact of impor tariff policies on cotton farmer welfare. This research uses time series data, with simultaneous model. Based on the results showed that (1) policy of raising import tariff will not increase cotton production yet that set by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2014, although it can still improve cotton farmers welfare, (2) import tariffs policy combination with an area extension of cotton give positive impact on production, despite having positive impact on farmers welfare relatively small compared to other policy in the future. Combination of this policy has significant meaning in order to encourage cotton production in the country, and (3) without any policy of import tariff which followed by incerasing of world price cotton is able to give the higest positive impacts to welfare of cotton farmers.

EFEKTIVITAS TINDAKAN ANTI DUMPING INDONESIA 1996-2010 Aditya Paramita Alhayat
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari secara empiris dampak tindakan anti-dumping Indonesia terhadap kinerja impor produk terkait pada periode 1996-2010. Dengan menggunakan model regresi Lee, Park, dan Cui yang dikembangkan pada tahun 2013 ,dampak tindakan anti-dumping dapat dibedakan menjadi efek restriksi dan efek pengalihan perdagangan. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa tindakan anti-dumping tidak efektif dalam memberikan efek restriksi perdagangan dari negara yang menjadi target anti-dumping. Bahkan, impor dari negara yang bukan menjadi target anti-dumping meningkat secara definitif pada tahun ditetapkannya anti-dumping. Secara agregat, efek netto restriksi dan pengalihan perdagangan terbukti mampu menekan impor pada periode investigasi anti-dumping, namun pada periode sesudahnya impor kembali meningkat. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah mempertimbangkan instrumen kebijakan tindakan pengamanan perdagangan lain yang dapat menekan impor dengan lebih efektif dan bersifat jangka panjang. This study aims to investigate the effects of Indonesia’s anti-dumping actions on import performance of related products during 1996-2010. Utilizing the Lee, Park, dan Cui regression model developed in 2013, the effects of anti-dumping actions can be distinguished into two effects, namely trade restriction and trade diversion. The study shows that anti-dumping measures are not effective in providing trade restriction effect to the targeted countries. In fact, imports from non-targeted countries definitively increased in the year when anti-dumping measures was being set up. The net effects of anti-dumping action are proven to reduce imports during the investigation period, but imports continued to rise afterwards. The study recommends the government to consider other trade remedies policy which could give significant and long term trade restriction effect.

EFEKTIFITAS KEBIJAKAN IMPOR PRODUK TERTENTU (PERMENDAG No. 56/M-DAG/PER/12/2008) . Hasni
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 4 No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Permendag 56/M-DAG/PER/12/2008 published in hopes of reducing illegal imports of products circulating in the regulated import of certain products are footwear, electronics, toys, food and beverages, and textiles. Imports of certain products can only be done by companies that have been designated as a Registered Importer (IT) Certain products and through specific ports set by the government. During the year 2009 the realization of the import of certain products has been decreasing over the last 5 years after its imports keeps rising high between 25% -43% per year, this shows that government policy has been to reduce the import of certain products.

DAMPAK ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (ACFTA) TERHADAP KINERJA PEREKONOMIAN DAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN INDONESIA Nasrudin Nasrudin; Bonar M Sinaga; Dedi Walujadi
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Sektor pertanian Indonesia seharusnya memperoleh dampak positif dari ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Namun demikian, kinerja sektor pertanian belum menunjukkan peningkatan yang berarti ketika sebagian besar komoditas pertanian telah diturunkan tarifnya melalui tahapan ACFTA. Studi ini meneliti dampak ACFTA terhadap kinerja sektor pertanian Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah ACFTA dengan menggunakan deskriptif analisis. Studi ini juga memprediksi kinerja perekonomian dan kinerja sektor pertanian setelah ACFTA diberlakukan secara penuh menggunakan metode ekonometrik dengan persamaan simultan. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja sektor pertanian Indonesia tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sebelum implementasi ACFTA, dan diprediksi akan lebih buruk lagi setelah ACFTA diberlakukan sepenuhnya, akibat dari tingginya tekanan kompetisi dan kekakuan produsen domestik. Peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur domestik, pengembangan riset/teknologi serta penerapan regulasi yang mendukung daya saing merupakan kebijakan yang sangat diperlukan. The ASEAN-China Frade Trade Agreement should positively influence Indonesia’s agricultural sector performance. Unfortunately, the current agricultural sector performance shows no signs of significant increase despite a decrease of tariffs on most agricultural commodities through ACFTA. This study sets out to examine the overall impact of ACFTA on Indonesian agricultural sector performance prior to and after the implementation of ACFTA through descriptive analysis. This study also predicts the overall economic performance and agricultural sector performance after the full implementation of ACFTA by utilizing econometric method with simultaneous equation. This study finds that the agricultural sector performance does not improve after the implementation of ACFTA and it argues further that it will weaken due to high pressure of competition and the rigidity of domestic producers. Quality improve on domestic infrastructure, research and technology development and regulations which enhance competitiveness are high priority policies to support Indonesia’s agricultural sector performance.

KAJIAN HARMONISASI TARIF BEA MASUK DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI ORIENTASI EKSPOR Aziza Rahmaniar Salam; Bambang Sumarjono
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Dalam rangka untuk mendorong pengembangan industry dalam negeri , pemerintah telah menerbitkan berbagai kebijakan antara lain kebijakan tariff bea masuk. Kebijakan tariff bea masuk ini mengacu pada komitmen internasional (WTO, APEC, AFTA, ASEAN-CHINA) maupun nasional . Pada saat ini Indonesia menerapkan program Harmonisasi Tarif Bea Masuk yang dimulai sejak 1 Januari 2005. Program ini diharapkan dapat mendorong peningkatan daya saing produk dalam negeri, Untuk itu perlu dilakukan kajian harmonisasi tariff bea masuk dalam kaitannya dengan pengembangan industry orientasi ekspor, khususnya industry keramik yang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir mendapat tantangan yang cukup besar dalam meningkatkan daya saingnya.Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Selanjutnya data-data tersebut diolah dan dianalisis untuk melihat tingkat daya saingnya berdasarkan trend ekspor, ISP, RCA, dan AR. Selain itu juga dilihat dampak harmonisasi tariff bea masuk terhadap kinerja industry, trade creation, trade diversion, penerimaan pemerintah dari tariff, dan welfare.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Program Harmonisasi tariff bea masuk ini ternyata cukup efektif untuk mengendalikan impor produk keramik saniter dan tableware yang diindikasikan dengan adanya penurunan volume impor masing-masing sebesar-12,7% dan-20,8%. Namun demikian, harmonisasi tariff bea masuk tahun 2005 berdampak pada trade creation effect sebesar –US$ 8,4 juta, bertambahnya penerimaan negara sebesar US$ 2,7 juta, namun menimbulkan dampak berkurangnya welfare sebesar US$ 1 juta.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN KESIAPAN INDONESIA DALAM RANGKA INTEGRASI ASEAN : STUDI KASUS AUTOMOTIVES, RUBBER BASED, DAN AGRO BASED PRODUCTS Adrian D. Lubis
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 5 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

In AseAN economic community-Aec by 2015, Indonesia is predicted still left behind in competitiveness from other AseAN countries, particularly singapore, malaysia and thailand. Based on the AseAN trade data base, Indonesia has only 2 sector industry which have competitiveness from the 12 priority sector in Aec’s blue print. this paper aims, firstly, to analyse the impact of integration among AseAN countries on the performance of industrial linkages automotives, rubber based, agro based products in Indonesia. secondly, to determine the impact of liberalization among AseAN countries on a map of the competitiveness of automotives industry, rubber based, agro based products in Indonesia, thirdly, to know how the readiness the trade facilitation in sectors priority of automotives, rubber based and agro based products, and finally to determine the policy formulation of the priority sector in the preparation of the implementation of the Aec. the result suggest that almost of 3 industries, Indonesia is with low level IIt and competitiveness (RcAB). moreover, Indonesia still attracts FdI in order to increase the performance of IIt dan RcAB.

KEBIJAKAN HAMBATAN PERDAGANGAN ATAS PRODUK EKSPOR INDONESIA DI NEGARA MITRA DAGANG Umar Fakhrudin
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 2 No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Free trade is an economic concept that refers to the sale or purchase of goods and services among countries without any tariff and non tariff barriers. However, because each country has a difference resources then appears a protectionism practice of domestic production and other interests from the international pressures through the enactment of trade barriers both tariff and non-tariff (in the form of quotas, specific products, and some requirements outside the trade issues) for imported products. Various form of these obstacles is one of the causes of the difficulty of improving the Indonesia‘s exports performance to other countries. Based on the calculation of Trade Restrictiveness Indices, average of non tariff barriers added 70 percent to trade barriers derived from tariffs. In 21 countries (from total 91 countries), the contribution of non-tariff barriers to trade barriers are generally greater than the barriers of tariffs and protectionism in the agricultural sector is greater than in the manufacturing sector. On average, two times greater than protection. It shows the countries with export composition depends on agricultural products will likely face market access problems more than other countries that specialize on manufacturing products.

DAMPAK KEBERADAAN PERWAKILAN PERDAGANGAN LUAR NEGERI TERHADAP KINERJA EKSPOR NON MIGAS INDONESIA Ayu Sinta Saputri; Septika Tri Ardiyanti
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 10 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v10i2.53

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pembentukan Atase Perdagangan (Atdag) dan Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) terhadap kinerja ekspor non migas Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah random effect model fungsi permintaan dengan menggunakan nilai ekspor non migas Indonesia dan pangsa ekspor non migas Indonesia di negara mitra dagang sebagai indikator-indikator yang menggambarkan kinerja ekspor Indonesia. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Atdag dan ITPC memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan ekspor Indonesia. Nilai ekspor dan pangsa ekspor non migas Indonesia di negara mitra dagang dimana terdapat Atdag dan ITPC lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan negara mitra yang belum terdapat Atdag dan ITPC. Di samping itu, besaran anggaran yang diterima oleh para perwakilan perdagangan juga memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ekspor Indonesia. Dengan demikian, penguatan dan pengembangan Atdag dan ITPC penting untuk dilakukan dalam rangka peningkatan ekspor Indonesia baik melalui peningkatan besaran anggaran dan atau penambahan jumlah perwakilan perdagangan Indonesia di luar negeri. This study analyzes the impact of establishing The Indonesia’s Trade Attaché (Atdag) and The Indonesia's Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) on Indonesia’s non-oil exports performance. The method used in this study is random effect model of demand functions using non-oil and gas export value, and non-oil and gas export share of Indonesia in trading partner countries as the indicators of Indonesia’s export performance. The results indicate that the presence of Atdag and ITPC gave a positive and significant effect to improve exports. The value of Indonesia’s non-oil and gas exports, and the share of Indonesia’s non-oil exports with some partner countries of Atdag and ITPC are higher compared to countries without Atdag and ITPC. Moreover, the amount of budget received by the trade representative also has a positive and significant effect on the export performance.Therefore, the government should strengthen and develop Atdag and ITPC in order to boost export by increasing the budget and the number of trade representatives abroad.

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