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Jurna lAntropologi Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 1693167X     EISSN : 16936086     DOI : 10.7454
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA was published to develop and enrich scientific discussion for scholars who put interest on socio-cultural issues in Indonesia. These journals apply peer-reviewed process in selecting high quality article. Editors welcome theoretical or research based article submission. Author’s argument doesn’t need to be in line with editors. The criteria of the submitted article covers the following types of article: first, the article presents the results of an ethnographic/qualitative research in certain topic and is related with ethnic/social groups in Indonesia; second, the article is an elaborated discussion of applied and collaborative research with strong engagement between the author and the collaborator’s subject in implementing intervention program or any other development initiative that put emphasizes on social, political, and cultural issues; third, a theoretical writing that elaborates social and cultural theory linked with the theoretical discourse of anthropology, especially in Indonesia anthropology; last, the article is a critical review of anthropological reference and other ethnography books that must be published at least in the last 3 years.
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Articles 579 Documents
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Unwelcome Guests: Relations between Pengungsi Maluku Utara and Their Hosts in Sulawesi Utara Christopher R. Duncan
Antropologi Indonesia No 74 (2004): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia (english edition)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This paper looks at the deteriorating relations between the population of Sulawesi Utara and the approximately 35,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) who fled there from the neighboring province of Maluku Utara. These IDPs first began arriving in large numbers in November of 1999 when communal violence broke out on the islands of Ternate and Tidore in Maluku Utara. They continued arriving until the violence came to a halt in June of 2000.Initially, relations between the two groups were positive. However, the extended presence of 35,000 IDPs created several problems, including a decrease in wages and an increase in housing costs. Negative perceptions of IDPs and jealously over IDP aid have created further misunderstandings. Additionally, IDP experiences with locals have led them to distrust the local population. On a few occasions these tensions have broken out into violence, and some fear this is a foreshadowing of the future should large numbers of IDPs decide to stay in Sulawesi Utara. This paper examines the relationships between these groups, as well as some of the efforts made by international NGOs to address these issues.
‘Austronesian Cosmopolitanism’ and Indonesia as a Politico-Economic System Eriko Aoki
Antropologi Indonesia No 74 (2004): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia (english edition)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Based on data from fieldwork in Flores, this article suggests an indigenous form of tolerance and suppleness as the model for a new form of multiculturalism in Indonesia. Many studies of nationalism have criticized the perspective that developing nation-states need 'strong nationalism. However, if we step out of this hegemonic preoccupation, we come to realize that the relevant question is not how Indonesia can keep its unity but on what conditions Indonesia can function well as a politico-economic system, keeping diverse areas incorporated in the post-modern and global contexts at present and in the future. In Flores, people have been traversing real and imagined borders since the time of the Austronesian migration and the age of Southeast Asian maritime commerce. Even after independence, Flores has had direct transnational linkage through the Catholic network and recently quite a few Catholic priests and candidates from Flores have been sent abroad. Due to the development of global capitalism, many people from mountainous areas in central Flores also go to Malaysia as low-paid labourers, and they accommodate well to the new situations. As illegal labourers, Florenese people develop social ties with the people whom they meet overseas. Even when they are arrested and forced to come home from Malaysia, they are never stigmatized in their home village. I would like to name tentatively this principle of social adaptability and political flexibility, which also orders life in Florenese villages, 'Austronesian cosmopolitanism'. I further suggest that this Austronesian principle of political flexibility could prove a useful model for the Indonesian nation-state as it struggles to adopt a new political model that prevents the escalation of retaliatory violence and allows the country to continue as a politico-economic unit
Minahasa Identity: A Culinary Practice Gabriele Weichart
Antropologi Indonesia No 74 (2004): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia (english edition)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

The geographic area I will focus on is the Minahasa region in North Sulawesi. There, in the eighteenth century the eight 'tribes' inhabiting the area were united into a single 'ethnic group' known as 'Minahasa' until today. Not only the Dutch colonial government but also the Protestant church put great efforts into this unifying and homogenizing process that was supposed to create a common identity for all Minahasan people. The effectiveness of those efforts can hardly be denied. Nevertheless, internal differences have continued to exist and they are based not only on 'traditional' concepts that divided the 'original' Minahasan tribes but also on the local population's experiences with immigrants from other parts of Indonesia and overseas (e.g. the Philippines and China). Although this is not a recent phenomenon, political and socio-economic developments during the last few years have had further impacts on demographic conditions and relations between different ethnic and religious 'groups'. Thus, the Minahasa-like other 'ethnic groups' in Indonesia-are confronted with a double binding of supposed needs and requests for diversity under a unifying umbrella-on the regional as well as national level. The paper will address the 'problem' from the perspective of a rural community in the south-eastern part of the region. Hence, local concepts of identity, their constructions and markers in everyday life, as being manifested in food and clothing for instance, will be given special consideration. It will also be taken into account that the media (esp. television) plays an important role in the formation and representation of ethnic and religious identity. The paper aims at showing how 'unity' and 'diversity' in this context are produced and reproduced on the village level and its relation to the national discourse.
Adat in Maluku: New Value or Old Exclusions? Nicola Frost
Antropologi Indonesia No 74 (2004): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia (english edition)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

The religious-ethnic violence in Maluku has unearthed a complex network of rivalries, inequalities and rhetoric. Opinions as to the causes of the conflict, and possible avenues for reconciliation are extremely diverse, and reflect many of the tensions and challenges faced by Indonesia as a whole, as it moves towards decentralization. One of the elements of Maluku society that has proved to be controversial in this context is tradition or adat. This paper explores some current perspectives on the role of adat in Maluku, and its potential for social transformation. Does a situation as extreme as that in Maluku itself encourages radical transformation and creative solutions for rebuilding civil society, or does it simply further entrench existing prejudice and power relations? How will regional autonomy influence this? What relation do these questions have to other reconciliation initiatives? The paper does not attempt to draw far-reaching conclusions about the future role of adat in Maluku society, but simply indicates some of the questions to be asked and answered in the years ahead. It provides examples of past activities, current perspectives, and future possibilities. It is hoped that these questions will contribute to an already lively debate at the local level.
Towards a New Politics of Tradition? Decentralisation, Conflict, and Adat in Eastern Indonesia Nils Bubandt
Antropologi Indonesia No 74 (2004): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia (english edition)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

The intention of this article is to discuss the relationship between the processes of fiscal and political decentralization, the outbreak of communal violence, and what I call 'the new politics of tradition' in Indonesia. In 1999 under the President Jusuf Habibie, the Indonesian parliament (DPR) voted in favour of two laws, No. 22 and 25 of 1999, which promised to leave a significant share of state revenues in the hands of the regional governments. Strongly supported by the liberal ideologues of the IMF and the World Bank, the two laws were envisaged within Indonesia as a necessary step towards devolving the centralized power of New Order patrimonialism and as a way of curbing separatism and demands for autonomy by giving the regional governments the constitutional and financial wherewithal to maintain a considerable degree of self-determination. Decentralization was in other words touted as the anti-dote to communal violence and separatist tendencies-an anti-dote administered or at least prescribed by multi-national development agencies in most conflict-prone areas of the world. This paper wishes to probe this idea by looking at the conflict and post-conflict situation in North Maluku. The conflict illustrates how local elites began jockeying for political control in anticipation of decentralization. The process of decentralization is in other words not merely an anti-dote but in some cases an implicated part in the production of violence. One reason for this is simply that the decentralization of financial and political control after three decades of centralization entails a significant shift in the parameters of hegemony-a shift towards which local political entrepreneurs in the regions are bound to react. The new 'politics of tradition' currently emerging in Indonesia is the combined result of changes in global forms of governance, a strong political focus on ethnic and religious identity in the 'era reformasi' and a local willingness to employ these identities to garner support in the new political landscape of decentralization.
The Ritual of Khanduri Bungong Kayèe (An Ethnographic Study in West Labuhan Haji-South Aceh) Manan Abdul
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 34, No 2 (2013): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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The khanduri of the tree blossom is performed in Jumadil Akhir (the sixth Islamic lunar month). The khanduri is held for fruit-bearing trees. It aim is tu ensure that the trees will bear fruit andtheir blossoms will not fade and fall onto the round prematurely, thatthey will not be attackedby pests so that they will contribute to the livelihood of human beings. This research is a fieldresearch and its data were obtained through meticulous observation and in depth interview withkey informants. The result of the research shows that it is the winds that cause the trees to blossom. The village people performed this ritual in order that the condition of fertility of fruit-bearing trees is safeguarded but the fertility is dependent upon much more important factorrs than just the willingess of the individual family to perform the ritual. The fertility of the tree is dependent upon collective village performance, dependent upon respecting jinn, dependent upon just leadership and dependent upon adat, particularly regarding probihition adn incest which are regarded as a major infringement on community life.Key words: ritual of khanduri bungong kayèe, the influence of seasons and winds as well ascondition of fertility of fruit-bearing trees
Upaya Pencegahan Perceraian Berbasis Keluarga Luas dan Institusi Lokal dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat Fachrina Fachrina; Putra Rinaldi Eka
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 34, No 2 (2013): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Advisory Board Disputes Divorce dan Marriage (BP4) established government as part of effortsto reduce the divorce rate. But divorce continues from time to time and quantitatively increasingevery year, with a variety of result / impact there of. Prevention and mitigation of the problem of divorce can not be left to government officials just because the problem is multidimensional; social, cultural and moral. To overcome this problem must involve all the elements and social institutions in the local community.Keywords: Divorce, extended family, local institutions
Ideological War in Inclusive Twitter: #IndonesiaTanpaJIL versus Jaringan Islam Liberal Hargyono Sindhunata
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 34, No 2 (2013): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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In early 2012, a civil-initiated movement called #IndonesiaTanpaFPI urged the government todisband an Islamic fundamentalist group called FPI (Front Pembela Islam) because of the violence to an Islamic minority group that FPI had commited earlier. #IndonesiaTanpaFPI heavily relied upon Twitter in organizing their movement, so when a counter-movement from the pro-FPI emerged, it was on Twitter as well; the counter-movement called themselves #IndonesiaTanpaJIL. This counter-movement believes that #IndonesiaTanpaFPI was actually initiated and organized by Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL). Since then, #IndonesiaTanpaJIL and JIL have been fighting discursively on Twitter. This article concentrates on the formation of two religious publics constituted solely by their discourses articulated, particularly the topic related to suppressed of Islamic minority groups; namely: Ahmadiyah, Syiah, and Rohingya. Through tweets interpretation by seeking incision between intention of the text and model reader (that is constructed both by online and offline interaction), the writer has identified various discourse nexuses between ITJ and JIL. Both of the religious publics articulate interesting or controversial discourses on Twitter just to grasp the audience’s attention, because in the context of ideological war the number of supporters is the only important thing to bring their discourses to hegemonic domain. Furthermore, this article shows how the logic of modernity with its obsession to ideal order is a factor that can explain the culture of exclusivity inside a social arena that was designed for inclusivity.Keywords: religious public; Twitter; ideological war; hegemony; Indonesia Tanpa JIL; JaringanIslam Liberal
Bundo Kanduang: (hanya) Pemimpin di Rumah (Gadang) Arifin Zainal
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 34, No 2 (2013): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Minangkabau ethnic group known is very strictly implement custom of matrilineal. One of these values is male position (sumando) that marginal, because according to matrilineal custom, a man is urang asing (outsiders) in the group of women (wife families). This is expressed through the proverb bak abu diateh tunggua (like ashes on the stump). This position of course is not profitable, so that they have to negotiate with the women to strengthen “the identity of maleness" of them. It shows the politics movement of Minangkaba’s men in an effort to show and strengthen their identity. This political identity of Minangkabau’s man will be understood identity politics Minangkabau men will be understood in the case of the existence of traditional institutions. The research assumption, in Minangkabau society that embraces and strengthens matrilineal custom (women custom) was found that traditional institutions more dominated by men. While traditional institutions for women does not stand out, impress hidden, and there is no variation than bundo kanduang (the main women). This article to described how men of Minangkabau through traditional institutions reinforce the position, while the bundo Kanduang’s position only limited powers in rumah gadang alone. Moreover, bundo Kanduang understood even without any power, because bundo kanduang just as the wife of penghulu (clan leaders).Keywords: duality , political identity, Minangkabau custom, traditional institutions
Memahami Sistem Pengetahuan Budaya Masyarakat Pegunungan Tengah, Jayawijaya, Papua dalam Konteks Kebencanaan Veronika Leny
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 34, No 2 (2013): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Jayawijaya suffers from hazards stemming from natural and human-made-disaster (anthropogenic). Dani tribe resided in Jayawijaya is known to dwell on profound influence of culture and nature allowing genuine local knowledge in managing disaster risks to breed. This study aims to understand the cultural knowledge systems of Dani tribe relating to disaster and its practices. This study is developed from desk studies and interviews with stakeholders. Dani tribe has known the concept of human-and-human and human-and-nature unison. They define this concept as transcendence relationship. Harmonious relationship between human and nature is believed would influence livelihood and in contrast would engender various forms of disaster. As part of securing their well-being, Dani tribe formulates norms which is manifested in various practices such as: environmental protection which includes rules and sanctions; the establishment of war command post and tribal structure consisted of commander of war and the head of fertility who govern war threads and initiate peace; as well as ritual performances. Living in harmony with nature allows Dani tribe to interpret these signs of nature as an early warning of disaster. Hopefully, the results of this study would be beneficial to local governments, customary institutions, faith-based institutions, and stakeholders in an effort to build community resilience.Keywords: disaster risk reduction, social and cultural systems, local knowledge, Dani, Jayawijaya, community resilience

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