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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 530 Documents
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PENDUGAAN UMUR SIMPAN KERIPIK PISANG SALUT COKELAT “PURBARASA” KEMASAN POLIPROPILEN BERDASARKAN ANGKA TBA DENGAN METODE ASLT MODEL ARRHENIUS Ervika Rahayu Novita Herawati; Rifa Nurhayati; Mukhamad Angwar; Vebe Wakhida
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 3 September 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (232.309 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.3.118-125

Abstract

Abstract SHELF LIFE ESTIMATION OF COCOA POWDER-COATED BANANA CHIPS “PURBARASA” BASED ON TBA VALUE USING ARRHENIUS MODEL OF ACCELERATED SHELF LIFE TEST (ASLT) METHOD. Cocoa powder-coated banana chips "PURBARASA" is a banana chips made from local banana in Nglanggeran Village and coated with local cocoa powder. The products are sold using polypropylene packaging with 0.08 mm thickness. The change in quality of cocoa powder-coated banana chips "PURBARASA" during storage might occur for its rancidity which is caused by fat contained in cocoa powder and absorbed oil within banana chips during deep frying processed. This deterioration can decrease its shelf life. However, the shelf life of cocoa powder-coated banana chips "PURBARASA" has not been studied yet, hence, it is really necessary to estimate shelf life of this products in order to comply with the requirements of food safety labeling on its package. The method which can be used to estimate the shelf life of cocoa powder-coated banana chips "PURBARASA" is Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) with Arrhenius model. In this case, the parameter used were based on rancidity using TBA test. Observations of deterioration carried out at three different temperatures, i.e. 35, 45 and 55oC, every 7 days for 42 days. According to the study, the estimated shelf life of cocoa powder-coated banana chips "PURBARASA" at 10, 25, 28, 300C based on TBA test were 6.2, 4.6, 4.3 and 4.2 months respectively. Kata kunci: ASLT Arrhenius; cocoa powder-coated banana chips; shelf life; TBA   Abstract Keripik pisang salut cokelat “PURBARASA” merupakan produk olahan pisang lokal Desa Nglanggeran berupa keripik yang disalut bubuk cokelat lokal, dan dikemas menggunakan kemasan polipropilen dengan ketebalan 0,08 mm. Keripik pisang salut cokelat “PURBARASA” selama penyimpanan dapat mengalami penurunan mutu berupa ketengikan yang diakibatkan oleh kandungan lemak pada bubuk cokelat dan minyak sisa hasil penggorengan deep frying yang terserap pada keripik sehingga mempengaruhi umur simpan produk. Sampai saat ini, KUBE PURBARASA belum mengetahui umur simpan produk keripik pisang salut cokelat “PURBARASA” sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian pendugaan umur simpan produk guna memenuhi persyaratan pelabelan keamanan pangan pada kemasan produk pangan. Metode pendugaan umur simpan yang digunakan yaitu metode Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) Model Arrhenius. Parameter uji yang digunakan yaitu ketengikan berdasarkan angka TBA. Pengamatan penurunan mutu dilakukan pada tiga suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu 350C, 450C dan 550C setiap 7 hari sekali selama 42 hari. Didapatkan estimasi umur simpan keripik pisang salut cokelat “PURBARASA” pada suhu 10, 25, 28, dan 300C berdasarkan angka TBA berturut-turut yaitu selama 6,2, 4,6, 4,3 dan 4,2 bulan. Keywords: ASLT Arrhenius; keripik pisang salut cokelat; umur simpan; TBA
FRICTION ANALYSIS ON SCRATCH DEFORMATION MODES OF VISCO-ELASTIC-PLASTIC MATERIALS Budi Setiyana; Imam Syafaat; Jamari Jamari; DikJoe Schipper
Reaktor Volume 14, No. 3, APRIL 2013
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (459.225 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.3.199-203

Abstract

Understanding of abrasion resistance and associated surfaces deformation mechanisms is of primary importance in materials engineering and design. Instrumented scratch testing has proven to be a useful tool for characterizing the abrasion resistance of materials. Using a conical indenter in a scratch test may result in different deformation modes, like as elastic deformation, ironing, ductile ploughing and cutting. This paper presents the friction analysis of some deformation modes of visco-elastic-plastic behaving polymer materials, especially PEEK (poly ether ether ketone).In general, it is accepted that the friction consist of an adhesion and a deformation component, which can be assumed to be independent to each others. During a scratch test, the friction coefficient is influenced by some parameters, such as the sharpness of indenter, the deformation modes and the degree of elastic recovery. Results show that the adhesion component strongly influences the friction in the elastic and ironing deformation mode (scratching with a blunt cone), friction for the cutting deformation mode (scratching with a sharp cone) is dominantly influenced by the deformation component. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the adhesion friction model is suitable for ironing - elastic deformation mode and the deformation friction model with elastic recovery is good for cutting mode. Moreover, the ductile ploughing mode is combination of the adhesion and plastic deformation friction model. ANALISIS FRIKSI PADA BENTUK DEFORMASI AKIBAT GORESAN PADA MATERIAL VISKO-ELASTIK-PLASTIK. Pemahaman tentang ketahanan abrasi dan deformasi permukaan  yang  menyertainya merupakan hal yang penting dalam rekayasa dan disain material. Peralatan uji gores terbukti ampuh untuk menyatakan ketahanan abrasi dari material. Pemakaian indenter kerucut dalam uji gores akan menghasilkan beberapa bentuk deformasi seperti halnya deformasi elastik, penyetrikaan, plowing dan pemotongan. Paper ini menyajikan analisis friksi dari beberapa bentuk deformasi permukaan dari material visko-elastik-plastik, khususnya pada PEEK (poly ether ether ketone). Secara umum dinyatakan bahwa friksi terdiri dari komponen adhesi dan deformasi yang diasumsikan tidak bergantung satu sama lain. Selama uji gores, koefisien friksi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa parameter, seperti ketajaman indenter, bentuk deformasi dan pemulihan elastik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa komponen adhesi sangat berpengaruh pada deformasi elastic dan penyetrikaan (uji gores dengan indenter tumpul), sedang untuk pemotongan (uji gores dengan indenter tajam) sangat dipengaruhi oleh komponen deformasi. Dari analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa model friksi adhesi cocok untuk deformasi elastic dan penyetrikaan, sedang model friksi deformasi dengan pemulihan elastic, cocok untuk pemotongan. Selain itu, plowing merupakan kombinasi dari model friksi adhesi dan deformasi.
Kesetimbangan Fasa Ekstraksi β-Karotin Dari Minyak Sawit dengan CO2 Superkritik Aji Prasetyaningrum
Reaktor Volume 3 No.1 Desember 1999
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5586.732 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.3.1.26-33

Abstract

Karotin merupakan komponen minor bernilai tinggi yang terkandung dalam minyak sawit. Peranan karotin adalah sebagai unsure pendukung vitamin A dan mencegah penyakit kanker. Hal ini membantu meningkatkan harga jual dari β-karotin.Untuk bahan makanan dan obat-obatan perlu dikembangkan metode pemisahan yang dapat mengambil produk tanpa mendegradasi bahan bakunya. Ekstraksi dengan pelarut superkritik merupakan metode pemisahan yang memanfaatkan daya melarutkan dan sifat-sifat difusional fluida superkritik. Penggunaan pelarut tidak berbahaya (CO2) dan dapat dipisahkan dari produk akhir dengan metode pemisahan yang sederhana dan hemat energy merupakan keunggulan proses ini.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model kesetimbangan fasa ekstraksi superkritik β-karotin dari minyal sawit dengan persamaan keadaan Redlich-Kwong-Soave dan Peng Robinson yang dilengkapi aturan pencampuran asli maupun aturan pencampuran Kwak-Mansoori. Data yang tersedia dari literature dipergunakan untuk menentukan harga optimum parameter interaksi biner dalam system tersebut. Model kesetimbangan fase yang didapat selanjutnya digunakan untuk melacak kondisi operasi serta untuk memerikan gambaran tentang kebutuhan perancangan peralatan pemisahan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi operasi yang optimal untuk proses ekstrasi superkritik β-karotin dari minyak sawit adalah pada suhu 70 0C dan tekanan 300 bar.pada kondisi operasi tersebut dicapai selektivitas proses yang tertinggi.Kata kunci : β-karotin, minyak sawit, CO2 superkritik
KOMPARASI PETA KURVA RESIDU SISTEM TERNER ASETON-n-BUTANOL-ETANOL DENGAN METANOL-ETANOL-PROPANOL N. K. Sari; Kuswandi Kuswandi; N. Soewarno; R. Handogo
Reaktor Volume 10, Nomor 2, Desember 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (309.195 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.2.75-81

Abstract

Simulasi pemisahan sistem terner Metanol-Etanol-1-Propanol (MEP) pada tekanan atmosfer menggunakan distilasi batch sederhana telah diteliti. Peta kurva residu kemudian dibuat untuk dilihat apakah sistem tersebut mempunyai campuran azeotropik atau campuran zeotropik. Peta kurva residu dari sistem terner MEP tersebut dibandingkan pula dengan  peta kurva residu dari sistem terner Aseton-n-Butanol-Etanol. Untuk menghitung tekanan uap jenuh digunakan persamaan Antoine berdasarkan kondisi atmosferik. Koefisien aktivitas dihitung menggunakan persamaan UNIQUAC. Forward-finite-difference digunakan untuk menghitung komposisi dibagian bawah kolom pada waktu yang ditentukan dari komposisi awal MEP. Beberapa nilai-nilai awal komposisi MEP yang telah dipilih untuk melengkapi peta kurva residu dengan simulasi menggunakan bahasa MathLab versi 6.1. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa secara simulasi sistem terner MEP adalah campuran zeotropik, tanpa mempunyai campuran azeotropik biner dari masing-masing komponennya. Peta kurva residu sistem terner MEP kemudian dibandingkan dengan literatur dan divalidasi secara hubungan topologi antara jumlah noda tidak stabil, jumlah noda stabil dan jumlah sadel.
Recovery of Aluminum from Aluminum Coated Plastic Waste using Pyrolysis Process Chairul Irawan; Rinny Jelita; Iryanti Fatyasari Nata
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 1 March 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (884.691 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.1.38-44

Abstract

This study aims to separate aluminum metal in aluminum coated plastic waste so that it is known the obtained aluminum characteristics, to study the effects of temperature on the yield of solids and aluminum,  and to get the kinetic parameters that describe the effects of temperature on pyrolysis process rate. Plastic waste was cleaned, dried, cut, and weighed as much as 100 grams. Pyrolysis lasted in room temperature in 2 hours after the pyrolysis temperature was reached, i.e. 450oC. The formed smoke was condensed and weighed every 10 minutes from the first droplet until the pyrolysis time was completed. The remaining solids in the reactor were taken after the pyrolysis was completed and reactor temperature reached room temperature. The aluminum mixture was subsequently melted, molded and cooled. Experiments were repeated in various pyrolysis temperature variations (500°C, 550°C, 600°C and 650°C). The results show that the increase of pyrolysis temperature will decrease the yield of solids, while the aluminum yield remains. The obtained aluminum metal is 5.3% against the initial plastic mass in purity of 95.80%. The kinetic model representing plastic pyrolysis process is a single reaction model with the value of kinetic parameters of pre-exponential factor (A) 18.2689 min-1 and the activation energy value (E) 40.2310 kJ/mole.   Keywords: aluminum, pyrolysis, plastic wastes, temperature, kinetic parameter
PENGOLAHAN LINDI DENGAN OZON DAN PROSES OKSIDASI LANJUT BERBASIS OZON Mohamad Rangga Sururi; Siti Ainun Saleh; Amalia Krisna
Reaktor Volume 15, No.1, APRIL 2014
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.556 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.1.20-26

Abstract

Limbah industri tekstil di area pinggir kota Surabaya mempunyai karakteristik perbandingan COD dan BOD = 5.57. Limbah jenis ini sulit untuk dibiodegradasi. Studi ini mempelajari tekonologi elektrokoagulasi untuk mengolah limbah tekstil dengan menurunkan intensitas warna, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Percobaan batch pada suhu kamar dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pH, jarak elektroda terhadap penurunan warna,TSS dan COD dan membandingkan biaya operasinya jika menggunakan pengolahan kimia.Effisiensi penurunan tertinggi untuk warna (91.96%),  TSS (49.17%), dan COD (29.67%) terjadi pada pH awal 4.0 dan jarak elektroda 2 cm dengan  elektroda Al/Al. Waktu optimum penurunan intensitas warna dalah 10 menit. Laju penurunan COD adalah : -dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056 , dengan C adalah konsentrasi COD. Jumlah sludge yang dihasilkan daripengolahan elektrokoagulasi  3.4 % lebih kecil dibandingkan menggunakan bahan kimia. Biaya yang digunakan untuk pengolahan dengan elektrokoagulasi 52.35 % lebih murah dibandingkan jika menggunakan koagulasi dengan bahan kimia ( tawas). Kata kunci : elektrokoagulasi, penurunan warna, penurunan TSS, laju degradasi COD, imbah tekstil Abstract Waste water from textile industry which is located in one suburb of Surabaya city as characteristic which the ratio of COD to BOD was 5.57. This type of waste water is difficult to be biodegraded. This study investigated elektrokoagulasi technology to treat textile waste water by removing color, total suspended solid, and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Batch experiment at room temperature was carried out to study the effect of pH, electrode distance for color, TSS and COD removal. This study also tried to compare the operation cost between elektrokoagulasi and chemical processes. The best removal efficiencies by Al electrodes was 91.96 % for color, 49.17 % for TSS and 29.67 % for COD which were under initial pH 4.0 and electrodes distance 2 cm. The optimum operation time for color removal was  found 10 minutes.The COD degradation rate was - dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056, with C= COD concentration. Sludge result from elektrokoagulasi was 3.4 % less than that by chemical treatment.The operation cost for elektrokoagulasi is 52.35 % less than that for chemical coagulation.
Pemodelan Dan Studi Eksperimental Laju Alir Fluida Pada Fluidisasi Minimum Diyono Diyono; Suherman Suherman
Reaktor Volume 6 No. 1 Juni 2002
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2638.184 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.6.1.40-43

Abstract

Laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum telah ditelaah dengan pendekatan persamaan Ergun. Pada penelitian ini, laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum ditelaah secara langsung dengan memvariasikan densitas partikel, diameter partikel dan tinggi unggun. Partikel padat yang digunakan adalah batu bara, batu bata, abu gosok, batu kapur, pasir dan zeolit sebagai representasi densitas. Diameter partikel berkisar rata-rata 0,054-0,338 mm. densitas partikel berkisar 1-3 gr/cm3. Tinggi unggun berkisar 5-10 cm. sedangkan fluida pembawanya adalah udara. Laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum mengalami kenaikan seiring naiknya densitas partikel, diameter partikel dan tinggi unggun model persamaan matematis yang diperoleh adalah bentuk fungsi eksponensial dari kelompok-kelompok bilangan tak berdimensi dimana laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum tergabung dalam kelompok bilangan Reynold. Hasil prediksi model memberikan hasil yang cukup baik bila dibandingkan dengan data eksperimental. Kata kunci : fluidisasi minimum, laju alir fluida
ULTRAFILTRATION AS PRETREATMENT OF REVERSE OSMOSIS: LOW FOULING ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE PREPARED FROM POLYETHERSULFONE–AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK COPOLYMER BLEND Heru Susanto; Luqman Buchori; Siswo Sumardiono; Berkah Fajar; Titik Istirokhatun; I Nyoman Widiasa
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (336.104 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.4.203 – 210

Abstract

This paper demonstrates the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes via wet phase inversion method using either poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b- poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic®, Plu) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as hydrophilic modifier. Their effects on membrane structure as well as the resulting membrane performance and their stability in membrane polymer matrix were systematically investigated. The investigated membrane characteristics include surface hydrophilicity (by contact angle), surface chemistry (by FTIR spectroscopy) and water flux measurement. Visualization of membrane surface and cross section morphology was also done by scanning electron microscopy. The membrane performance was examined by investigation of adsorptive fouling and ultrafiltration using solution of bovine serum albumin as the model system. The stability of additive was examined by incubating the membrane in water (40oC) for up to 10 days. The results show that modification effects on membrane characteristic and low fouling behavior were clearly observed. Further, amphiphilic Pluronic generally showed better performance than PEG.   
Encapsulation of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) Leaf Tea Extract Using Natural Mucilage Melanie Cornelia; Kam Natania; Herry Cahyana; Edison Sutiyono
Reaktor Volume 19 No. 1 March 2019
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (361.526 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.19.1.26-33

Abstract

The bioactively rich soursop leaf extract can be encapsulated inside several natural coating materials. The extract of soursop leaf has been found to contain many bioactive compounds such as various phenolic compounds that are beneficial for anticancer, antidiabetic and many other health benefits. However due to the sensitive nature of the bioactive molecules, encapsulation procedure was applied to prolong the activity of the biomolecules. Capsule materials used in this experiment were obtained from natural extract of Okra mucilage, Aloe vera mucilage and Maltodextrin-WPI mixture to protect the unstable bioactive compounds. Homogenation time using ultrasonication and Core to Coating ratio was differed to observe the optimum encapsulation process. The encapsulation efficiency, release factor ability, size distribution and its correlation with bioactive stability are observed using Total Phenolic methods and Antioxidant Activity before and after encapsulation. Aloe vera gave best encapsulation efficiency (88-91%) while microcapsule made with Okra gave the best antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 633-710ppm), and maltodextrin-WPI gave best powder recovery (yield 70-73%). Keywords: aloe mucilage, antioxidant activity,  encapsulation, okra mucilage, soursop tea extract
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOMASSA MIKROALGA Nannochloropsis Sp SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIODIESEL Widayat Widayat; H Hadiyanto
Reaktor Volume 15 No.4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (359.691 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.4.253-260

Abstract

Indonesia is one of one of productive tofu producer both for industry or home made scale. Tofu industries contribute wastewater up to 20 millions cubic meter (m3) per year. Currently, tofu waste water was treated by anaerobic and aerobic methods which reveal some disadvantages. To overcome the disadvantages of both methods, wastewater of tofu industry was used as a medium for the cultivation of microalgae. Nannochloropsis sp is one of microalgae species which has high content of lipid and thus can be converted to biodiesel. This study examined the growth rate, biomass productivity, reduced organic levels of COD and BOD, and total lipid of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp which cultivated in tofu wastewater medium. The optimum growth of Nannochloropsis sp was found at 20% vol of liquid waste water which produce lipids of 34.25 % and also can reduce COD up to 77.40 %. The optimum nutrients of NaHCO3 was showed at the composition of 70 mg / L which decrease COD up to 78.81 % and produce lipids 16.841 %. The addition of nutrition every 4 days was able to reduce the COD up to 81.835 % and produce 14.195 % yield of lipids.  Keywords: tofu wastewater, Nannochloropsis sp., biodiesel, COD & BODAbstrak Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil tahu yang cukup produktif baik skala industri maupun rumahan. Industri tahu menyumbang limbah cair mencapai 20 juta meter kubik (m3) per tahun. Pada saat ini pengolahan limbah tahu cair dilakukan dengan metode anaerobik maupun aerobik. Akan tetapi kedua metode tersebut memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan kedua metode tersebut, limbah tahu cair dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media kultivasi mikroalga. Nannochloropsis sp merupakan  mikroalga yang mampu menghasilkan lipid  yang besar tersebut dapat dikonversi menjadi salah satu energi alternative biodiesel. Dalam penelitian ini dikaji laju pertumbuhan, produktivitas biomassa, penurunan kadar organik COD dan BOD, dan total lipid mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp yang dikultivasi pada medium limbah tahu cair. Pertumbuhan Nannochloropsis sp. optimum pada medium 20% volume limbah tahu cair yang menghasilkan lipid sebanyak 34,25% dan dapat menurunkan COD hingga 77,40%.  Penambahan nutrisi NaHCO3optimum pada komposisi 70 mg/l yang mampu menurunkan COD sebesar 78,81% dan menghasilkan lipid sebanyak 16,841%. Waktu penambahan nutrisi setiap 4 hari sekali mampu menurunkan COD sebesar 81,835% dan menghasilkan lipid sebesar 14,195%. Keywords: limbah tahu, Nannochloropsis sp., biodiesel, COD & BOD

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