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Reaktor

reaktor
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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 08520798 EISSN : 24075973 DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)

Articles 530 Documents

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ADSORPTION MALACHITE GREEN ON NATURAL ZEOLITE Eko Ariyanto
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 3, Juni 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

A natural zeolite was employed as adsorbent for reducing of malachite green from aqueous solution. A batch system was applied to study the adsorption of malachite green in single system on natural zeolite. The adsorption studies indicate that malachite green in single component system follows the second-order kinetics and the adsorption is diffusion process with two stages for malachite green. Malachite green adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model.

Evaluation Performance of Pneumatic Dryer for Cassava Starch Suherman Suherman; Nur Hidayati
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 4 December 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

In small and medium industries, cassava starch is dried using conventional method by drying it directly under the sun. However, the main drawback of conventional method is low drying rate. Therefore, in this study, cassava starch with a water content of 40% (wet basis) was dried using a pneumatic dryer to a moisture content below 13% (wet basis). The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of drying air temperature, drying air flow rate and rate of feeding in relation to drying rate and energy analysis. Energy analysis was performed to determine the performance of pneumatic dryer. The energy analysis itself is done in the form of energy utilization and energy efficiency. The energy analysis shows that the increase of dryer temperature from 60 to 100oC will increase the utilization of energy from 0.34 to 0.76 J/s, while the energy efficiencies ranged between 30-40%. Proximate analysis shows that the dried cassava starch has an ash content of 0,24, grain fiber of 0,12, and degree of whiteness of 98%, which fulfills the SNI standard of cassava starch.Keywords: cassava starch; energy analysis; pneumatic dryer

CELL DISTRUPTION MIKROALGA SECARA ENZIMATIS DENGAN SELLULASE Padil Padil; Siti Syamsiah; Muslikhin Hidayat; Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Reaktor Volume 15 No.4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

ENZYMATIC CELL DISRUPTION OF MICROALGAE USING CELLULASE. Micro-algae is one source of potential alternative energy of third generation to be developed as bioethanol raw material. The starch content trapped in Micro-algae cell walls causing the need of cell distruption to release and convert starch into simple glucose before the fermentation process. This study aims to open up the cell walls of Micro-algae and to explore the effect of sellulase enzymes from Aspergillus niger as Micro-algae cell distruption strategy as well as the optimization of process parameters, i.e the concentration of enzyme, temperature, pH, and time which produce the highest glucose yield. The results showed that the highest glucose yield was 82.44% (w/w) obtained at an enzyme concentration of 30% (w/w), temperature 45oC, pH of 4.5 at 40 minutes, the amount of Micro-algae as 0.5 g/L. In general, cell distruption method using sellulase enzyme was proven to be a promising option to open the cell walls of Micro-algae and convert cellulose into simple glucose simultaneously in producing bioethanol. Keywords: bioethanol; cellulose; cell distruption; enzymatic; micro-algae; starch Abstrak Mikroalga merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif generasi ketiga yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Kandungan pati yang terperangkap dalam dinding sel mikroalga menyebabkan perlunya cell distruption untuk melepaskan sekaligus mengkonversi pati menjadi glukosa sederhana sebelum proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuka dinding sel mikroalga sekaligus mengeksplorasi pengaruh enzim sellulase dari aspergillus niger sebagai strategi cell distruption mikroalga serta melakukan optimasi parameter proses yaitu konsentrasi enzim, suhu, pH, dan waktu yang memberikan yield glukosa tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yield glukosa tertinggi adalah 82,44% (w/w) yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi enzim 30% (w/w), suhu 450C, pH 4,5 pada waktu 40 menit, dengan jumlah mikroalga 0,5 g/L. Secara umum, metode cell distruption dengan menggunakan enzim sellulase terbukti menjadi pilihan yang menjanjikan untuk membuka dinding sel mikroalga sekaligus mengkonversi selulosa menjadi glukosa sederhana dalam memproduksi bioetanol.

Pembuatan Data De Pina Dari Limbah Buah Nanas Dengan Bakteri Acetobacter xylium K. Haryani
Reaktor Volume 07 No.2 Desember 2003
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Pada indutri pengalengan buah nanas, bonggol dan kulit nanas biasanya dibuang. Bonggol dan kulit nanas dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pembuatan nata de pina yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Pemanfaatan filtrate hasil perasan bonggol dan kulit nanas sebagai pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylium untuk membentuk polisakarida ekstraseluler (nata) sebagai makanan non energy yang dikenal dengan nata de pina. Penelitian ini ertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemanasan awal dan tanpa pemanasan awal, penambahan asam sitrat dan asam asetat serta konsentrasi inokulum. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap glukosa, fruktosa, sukrosa, asam asetat dan asam sitrat serta kandungan kalium dan berat nata de pina yang terbentuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fruktosa merupakan komponen penting dalam penyusunan selulosa (nata de pina), asam sitrat sebagai unsur organik, dan unsur kalium sebagai sumber mineral. Asam asetat merupakan senyawa penghambat dalam pembentukan nata de pina jika konsentrasi awal terlalu besar atau tidak ada asam organik yang lain dan terbentuk selama proses fermentasi. Pertambahan konsentrasi inokulum akan menyebabkan nata de pina yang terbentuk bertambah secara parabolic dan nilai terbaik dicapai pada konsentrsi 7%. Niai ini ditunjukkan oleh berat nata de pina yang terbentuk paling besar (basis kering atau asah) dan konsentrasi sisa glukosa dan fruktosa paling kecil.Kata kunci : asam sitrat, asam asetat, fruktosa, glukosa, inokulum, nata de pina, sukrosa

REAKSI KATALITIS ESTERIFIKASI ASAM OLEAT DAN METANOL MENJADI BIODIESEL DENGAN METODE DISTILASI REAKTIF Kusmiyati Kusmiyati
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 2, Desember 2008
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. Generally, it is formed by trans etherification reaction of triglycerides in the vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol. In this work, etherification reaction was carried out using oleic acid, methanol and sulphuric acid as a catalyst by reactive distillation method. In order to determine the best conditions for biodiesel production by reactive distillation, the experiments were carried out at different temperature (1000C, 1200C, 1500C and 1800C) using methanol/oleic acid molar ratios (1:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1), catalyst/ oleic acid molar ratios (0.5%wt, 1%wt, 1.5%wt and 2%wt) and reaction times (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes). Result show that at temperature 1800C, methanol/oleic acid molar ratio of 8:1, amount of catalyst 1% for 90 minute reaction time gives the highest conversion of oleic acid above 0.9581. Biodiesel product from oleic acid was analyzed by ASTM (American Standard for Testing Material). The results show that the biodiesel produced has the quality required to be a diesel substitute. Biodiesel merupakan salah satu bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil yang diproduksi dari bahan baku minyak nabati dan lemak hewan. Secara umum biodiesel diproduksi melalui reaksi transesterifikasi minyak nabati atau lemak hewan dan alkohol. Pada penelitian ini proses esterifikasi pada pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan bahan baku asam oleat murni (99%), metanol dan katalis asam sulfat dengan metode distilasi reaktif. Distilasi reaktif merupakan penggabungan antara proses reaksi dan proses pemisahan dalam satu unit proses sehingga memungkinkan diperoleh biodiesel dengan kemurnian yang tinggi. Variabel yang dipelajari pada penelitian ini adalah temperatur (1000C, 1200C, 1500C, 1800C), jumlah katalis H2SO4 (0,5% berat, 1% berat, 1,5% berat, 2% berat), rasio metanol : asam oleat dinyatakan 1:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1 (dalam % berat) terhadap konversi asam oleat serta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, konversi maksimum yang dapat dicapai sebesar 0,9581 pada kondisi reaksi berat katalis H2SO4 1% berat, rasio metanol:asam oleat 8:1 dan suhu reaksi 1800C. Berdasarkan hasil analisa ASTM, biodiesel yang diperoleh memenuhi standar bahan bakar cair dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar pengganti petroleum diesel.

Prediction of Microbial Population in Sorghum Fermentation through Mathematical Models Umi Laila; Rifa Nurhayati; Tyas Utami; Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Reaktor Volume 19 No. 4 December 2019
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

The mathematical models can be used as a tool in predicting microbial population in sorghum fermentation, either spontaneous fermentation or fermentation with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculum. Gompertz model modified by Gibson, Gompertz model modified by Zwietering, Baranyi-Robert model, Fujikawa model, Richards model, Schnute model were used in predicting the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform bacteria during spontaneous fermentation, and also the growth of LAB during fermentation with the addition of inoculum. Meanwhile, there was death (inactivation) of coliform bacteria during sorghum fermentation with the addition of LAB inoculum. The Geeraerd model and the Gompertz model modified by Gil et al. were used to predict the inactivation. The accuracy and precision of models were evaluated based on the Root Mean of Sum Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and curve fitting. Gompertz model modified by Gibson had the highest accuracy and precision, which was followed by the accuracy of the Fujikawa model and Baranyi-Robert model in predicting the growth of LAB and the growth of coliform bacteria during spontaneous fermentation. Meanwhile, in predicting LAB growth during fermentation with the addition of inoculum, high accuracy and precision was obtained from Richards and Schnute models. In predicting the inactivation of coliform bacteria, Geeraerd model provided higher accuracy and precision compared to Gompertz model modified by Gil et al. Keywords: fermentation; inoculum; mathematical; model; sorghum; spontaneous

Kajian Eksperimental Sistem Pemanas Dan Penyimpan Air Bertenaga Surya M. Syahri
Reaktor Volume 08 No.1 Juni 2004
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Pemanas air bertenaga sinar matahari telah banyak dipasarkan dengan harga yang relative mahal. Kemahalan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh mahalnya harga material (besi) dan pembuatannya (pabrikasi) yang cukup sulit. Dilakukan inovasi yang bertujuan untuk mereduksi biaya dengan menggunakan bahan yang lebih murah tetapi daya serap terhadap matahari lebih baik. Bahan yang dipilih fiberglass reinforced polyester (GFRP). Sistem pemanas air bertenaga surya yang dirancang tidak berpenutup kaca dan kolektor surya diintegrasikan dengan sistem penyimpan air. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua cara, tanpa dan dengan pengurasan tangki air. Pendataan dilakukan saat matahari terbit hingga tenggelam, selamma tujuh hari masa perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan cara tanpa pengurasan lebih dapat menahan penurunan suhu air dalam tangki penampung . Untuk mengurangi penurunan suhu selama penyimpanan dilakukan modifikasi dengan memasang katup penghalang pada sistem. Suhu air maksimum dalam tangki penampung air terlihat sangat dipengaruhi fluks sinar matahari yang diterima kolektor. Pada cuaca cerah dengan fluks sinar matahari rerata 700 W/m2 suhu air mencapai 63 0C. Pada cuaca mendung dengan fluks rerata 450 W/m2 suhu air maksimum 42 0C. Suhu air panas dalam tangki penyimpanan selama penelitian berkisar antara 60-63 0C. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa GFRP dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan kolektor surya. Uji kelayakan kinerja sistem masih perlu dilakukan sebagai kelanjutan dari penelitian ini.Kata kunci : fiberglass reinforced polyester (GFRP), sistem terintegrasi, katup, uji kelayakan

THE BEHAVIOR OF SOLUBLE METALS ELUTED FROM Ni/Fe-BASED ALLOY REACTORS AFTER HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND HIGH-PRESSURE WATER PROCESS M. Faisal; Hiroyuki Daimon; Koichi Fujie
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

The behavior of heavy metals eluted from the wall of Ni/Fe-based alloy reactors after high-temperature and high-pressure water reaction were studied at temperatures ranging from 250 to 400oC. For this purpose, water and cysteic acid were heated in two reactor materials which are SUS 316 and Inconel 625. Under the tested conditions, the erratic behaviors of soluble metals eluted from the wall of Ni/Fe-based alloy in high temperature water were observed. Results showed that metals could be eluted even at a short contact time. The presence of air also promotes elution at sub-critical conditions. At sub-critical conditions, a significant amount of Cr was extracted from SUS 316, while only traces of Ni, Fe, Mo and Mn were eluted. In contrast, Ni was removed in significant amounts compared to Cr when Inconel 625 was tested. It was observed that eluted metals tend to increased under acidic conditions and most of those metals were over the limit of WHO guideline for drinking water. The results are significant both on the viewpoint of environmental regulation on disposal of wastes containing heavy metals, toxicity of resulting product and catalytic effect on a particular reaction.

Bagian Depan Reaktor Vol 16 No 4 2016 Widayat, W
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

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Ultrasound-Assisted Ultra-Mild-Acid Hydrolisis of -Carrageenan Ratnawati Ratnawati; Nita Indriyani
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 4 Desember 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

The low molecular weight fraction of κ-carrageenan is useful in biomedical applications. An ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan has been studied. κ-carrageenan with an initial number-average molecular weight of 629 kDa was dispersed in distilled water to form a 5 g/l solution. The pH (3 and 6) of the solution was adjusted by adding HCl solution. The depolymerization reaction was carried out in an ultrasonic device at various temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60°C) and times (8, 16, 24, and 32 min). The experimental results showed that ultrasound positively contributed to acid hydrolysis process. The number-average molecular weight of the treated k-carrageenan was lower or the percentage of reduction was higher at lower pH, longer reaction time, and higher temperature. The lowest number-average molecular weight (14 kDa) or the highest percent of molecular weight reduction reduction (97.7%) was achieved after ultrasonic irradiation at 60°C and pH 3 for 32 min. Keywords: depolymerization; midpoint scission; ultrasonication

Page 37 of 53 | Total Record : 530

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Abstract

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Contact Name
Dessy Ariyanti

Contact Email
dessy.ariyanti@che.undip.ac.id

Phone
+62247460058

Journal Mail Official
j.reaktor@che.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA