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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 530 Documents
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POTENSI KATALIS PADAT ASAM GAMMA ALUMINA TERSULFATASI PADA REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KARET Maria Ulfah; S Subagjo
Reaktor Volume 16 No.3 September 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (399.365 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.16.3.109-115

Abstract

POTENTIAL OF SULFATET ALUMINA-HETEROGENEOUS ACID CATALYST IN ESTERIFICATION RUBBER SEED OIL.  Two tipe of  catalysts have been synthesed and evaluated ( free fatty acid conversion) in esterification of rubber seed oil. The first and the second catalyst have content SO3 8,821 % and 40,715 %, respectly. The optimum condition of reaction studied : volume ratio methanol/oil  0,9-1,8 v/v;  catalyst concentration 1,67-10 % wt/v; time of reaction 1-7 hours and temperature of reaction 50-70 oC. This study  showed, the second catalyst  more active than the first catalyst. Maximum conversion from esterification reaction of rubber seed oil of the first and the second catalyst are 75 % and  97 %, respectly. The optimum condition of reaction achieved at volume ratio methanol/oil  1,8 v/v;  catalyst concentration 1,67 % wt/v; time of reaction 7 hours and temperature of reaction 70 oC.   Keywords: sulfated alumina, free fatty acid, eterification, rubber seed oil.AbstrakDua tipe katalis alumina tersulfatasi telah disintesis dan dievaluasi kinerjanya (berupa konversi Asam Lemak Bebas, ALB) pada reaksi esterifikasi asam lemak bebas minyak biji karet. Katalis tipe 1 dan tipe 2 berturut-turut memiliki kandungan SO3 8,821 % dan 40,715 %.  Kondisi optimasi reaksi yang dipelajari: rasio volume metanol/minyak 0,9-1,8 v/v; konsentrasi katalis 1,67-10 % b/v; waktu reaksi 1-7 jam dan temperatur reaksi 50-70 oC.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan katalis tipe 2 lebih aktif dari tipe 1. Konversi ALB maksimum  dari reaksi esterifikasi minyak biji karet  dengan katalis tipe 1 dan tipe 2  berturut-turut 75 % dan 97 %.  Kondisi  optimum reaksi tersebut dicapai pada rasio volume metanol/minyak 1,8; konsentrasi katalis/minyak 1,67 % b/v; lama reaksi 7 jam dan temperatur reaksi 70 oC. Kata kunci: alumina tersulfatasi, asam lemak bebas, esterifikasi, minyak biji karet
Characteristics and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Derived from Extract of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Tagor Marsillam Siregar; Antonius Herry Cahyana; Regina Jessilia Gunawan
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 3 September 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (273.072 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.3.145-151

Abstract

Abstract Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were recently studied for its free radical scavenging activity.                     The formation of ZnO nanoparticles by means of biological method was known to be a simpler and more environmental friendly method. One of the biological methods used for the formation of ZnO nanoparticles was by utilizing the phytochemicals that were present in a plant extract.                                       The phytochemicals such as phenolic and flavonoid compound was able to reduce bulk metal Zinc into Zinc nanoparticles. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds and leaves were known to contain high amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoid compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different solvent polarities used to extract Coriander leaves and seeds towards the reducing power of plant extract and the free radical scavenging capacity of ZnO nanoparticles. The different solvents that were used to extract Coriander were deionized water, ethyl acetate, and hexane. The different solvent polarities affected the weight of the derived ZnO nanoparticles due to the different types of the extracted phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The different solvent polarities also affected the free radical scavenging capacity of ZnO nanoparticles. Ethyl acetate based extract of Coriander leaf resulted in the most weight of ZnO nanoparticles, 0.7907 g and the highest free radical scavenging capacity, 11.16%/mg ZnO nanoparticles. The free radical scavenging activity of ZnO nanoparticles decreased to 3.67%/mg ZnO nanoparticles after the process of calcination at 100°C and decreases to 0 %/mg ZnO nanoparticles after the process of calcination at 300 and 500°C. The diameter of ZnO particles increases from 128.1±33.5 nm to 552.3±61.1 nm after calcination. Kata kunci: calcination; free radical scavenging capacity; polarities; zinc oxide nanoparticles  Abstrak KARAKTERISTIK DAN AKTIVITAS PENANGKAL RADIKAL BEBAS NANOPARTIKEL SENG OKSIDA (ZnO) YANG DIBENTUK MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK KETUMBAR (Coriandrum sativum L.). Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO) saat ini tengah diteliti sehubungan dengan kapasitasnya dalam menangkal radikal bebas. Metode biologis merupakan metode sederhana dan ramah lingkungan yang dapat digunakan pada pembentukan nanopartikel ZnO. Pemanfaatan senyawa fitokimia dari ekstrak tanaman merupakan salah satu metode biologis yang dapat digunakan pada pembentukan nanopartikel ZnO. Senyawa fitokimia seperti senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid dapat mereduksi logam Seng menjadi nanopartikel Seng. Biji dan daun dari tanaman ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) telah diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan polaritas pelarut yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi biji dan daun ketumbar terhadap kapasitas reduksi ekstrak dan penangkal radikal bebas dari nanopartikel ZnO. Pelarut yang digunakan pada ekstraksi biji dan daun ketumbar adalah air deionisasi, etil asetat dan heksana. Perbedaan polaritas pelarut mempengaruhi berat nanopartikel ZnO yang diperoleh, hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan jenis senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang terekstrak. Perbedaan polaritas pelarut juga mempengaruhi kapasitas penangkal radikal bebas  dari nanopartikel ZnO. Ekstrak etil asetat daun ketumbar menghasilkan nanopartikel ZnO dengan berat 0,7907 g   dan aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas sebesar 11,16%/mg nanopartikel ZnO. Aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas nanopartikel ZnO menurun menjadi 3,67%/mg nanopartikel ZnO setelah dikalsinasi pada suhu 100oC dan menurun menjadi 0%/mg nanopartikel ZnO setelah dikalsinasi pada suhu 300oC, 500oC. Diameter nanopartikel ZnO meningkat dari 128,1±33,5 nm menjadi  552,3±61,1 nm setelah dikalsinasi Keywords: elektrokoagulasi, penurunan warna, penurunan TSS, laju degradasi COD, imbah tekstil
PADDY DRYING IN MIXED ADSORPTION DRYER WITH ZEOLITE: DRYING RATE AND TIME ESTIMATION Mochammad Djaeni; Dewi Ayuningtyas; Nurul Asiah; Hargono Hargono; Ratnawati Ratnawati; Wiratno Wiratno; Jumali Jumali
Reaktor Volume 14, No. 3, APRIL 2013
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (201.999 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.3.173-178

Abstract

Recently, the main problem of the rice stock and distribution in Indonesia is the quality degradation as indicated in unpleasant odor (smelly), stained, yellowness, and high percentage of broken rice. This is due to the low of paddy quality dried by from either direct sunlight or conventional fluidized bed dryer. As a result, the paddy cracks and breaks easily during milling in which causes the storage life being shorter as the enzymatic degradation by germ or fungi occurs. Air dehumidified with zeolite at drying medium temperature is potential to improve the quality of paddy. Zeolite is a material having high affinity to water vapor. In this case, the paddy and zeolite was mixed and fluidized with the air. The air will evaporate water from paddy, and at same time, the zeolite will adsorb water from air. Hence, the humidity of dryer can be kept low in which improves the driving force for drying. This work discusses the effect of presence of zeolite in the dryer, operational drying temperature, air velocity and relative humidity on drying rate of paddy. The results showed that increasing of zeolite as well as operational temperature increased the drying rate. In addition, using the model, the air dehumidification with zeolite and increase of air velocity can speed up drying time significantly at operational temperature below 80oC. This condition is very suitable for paddy drying since the quality degradation can be avoided.
Optimasi Pembuatan Kitosan Dari Kitin Limbah Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) Untuk Adsorben Ion Logam Merkuri L. H. Rahayu; S. Purnavita
Reaktor Volume 11, Nomor 1, Juni 2007
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3746.215 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.11.1.45-49

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan kondisi optimum  factor suhu dan waktu proses deatilasi dari khitin cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) menjadi khitosan dan mengetahui pengaruh pH adsorpsi dari kitosan terhadap penurunan jumlah ion merkuri (%). Proses deasetilasi dilakukan dengan memanaskan campuran khitin dengan larutan NaOH 50% (rasio 1:20 b/v) pada suhu 70 0C, 80 0C, 90 0C dan 100 0C dengan waktu proses masing-masing 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit. Parameter respon adalah derajad deasetilasi khitosan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajad deasetilasi khitosan tertinggi adalah 79,65% yang dihasilkan pada suhu 90 0C dan waktu proses 120 menit. Khitosan selanjutnya diuji kemampuan adsorpsinya terhadap ion merkuri pada pH 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6. Hasil uji aplikasi khitosan sebagai adsorben ion logam merkuri menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi pH adsorpsi semakin besar penurunan jumlah ion merkuri (%), dimana hubungan keduanya ditunjukkan dengan persamaan y = 7,50x + 26,11.Kata kunci : adsorpsi, cangkang rajungan, deasetilasi, litin, khitosan
STUDI AWAL DETERPENISASI MINYAK NILAM DENGAN TEKNOLOGI REDISTILASI VAKUM Silviana Silviana; Aprilina Purbasari
Reaktor Volume 10, Nomor 2, Desember 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (211.65 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.2.71-74

Abstract

Minyak nilam merupakan komoditi ekspor penting dari Indonesia. Persyaratan kandungan patchouli alcohol (PA) dalam minyak nilam berdasarkan SNI minimal 31%. Minyak nilam hasil distilasi UKM seringkali kadar PA-nya kurang dari 31% sehingga perlu dicari cara untuk meningkatkan kadar PA dalam minyak nilam. Salah satu cara adalah dengan redistilasi vakum atau distilasi fraksionasi produk UKM sebagai upaya penghilangan terpen dalam minyak nilam (deterpenisasi). Kondisi vakum akan dapat menurunkan temperatur operasi sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya destruksi oleh panas dapat dihindarkan. Alat redistilasi vakum yang digunakan berkapasitas 500 ml untuk memisahkan komponen terpen yang memiliki titik didih rendah dan komponen PA yang memiliki titik didih tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variabel berubah temperatur, tekanan, dan waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur, waktu, serta interaksi temperatur dan waktu merupakan variabel paling berpengaruh pada proses redistilasi vakum dengan kenaikan kadar PA mencapai 23,06 - 28,97% dari kadar awal sebesar 17,95%. Adapun model regresi  yang diperoleh adalah Kadar PA =  24,80 + 0,93A + 1,33C + 0,97AC dengan A adalah temperatur dan C adalah waktu redistilasi vakum. 
Performance of Various Organic Solvents as Reaction Media in Plant Oil Lipolysis with Plant Lipase Astri Nur Istyami; Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja; Tirto Prakoso; Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 2 June 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (651.652 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.2.71-75

Abstract

Fatty acids are intermediate substances in synthesis of oleochemical products. Enzymatic technology of fatty acids production (also known as lipolysis) is now developing as potential substitution for the conventional production of fatty acid, i.e. thermal hydrolysis of triglyceride. It offers more economical process condition, low energy consumption, and minimal product degradation compared to the conventional process. This research aims to evaluate performance of various organic solvents as reaction media in lipolysis with plant latex lipase. Organic solvents observed were chloroform, n-hexane, diethyl ether, benzene, acetone, ethanol, methanol, n-heptane, and isooctane. Analysis of each organic solvent effect on lipolysis was described based on solvents properties. Conversion of lipolysis with organic solvents is 0,10-1,25 times fold compared to conversion of non-solvent lipolysis. We suggest that dielectric constant and viscosity are the two main organic solvent properties affecting lipase performance in lipolysis. Overall, n-hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane are recommended to be used as reaction media in lipolysis with plant lipase because their effects to degree of lipolysis are positive.  Keywords: lipolysis; lipase; organic solvent; frangipani
PRODUKSI BIOHIDROGEN DARI HIDROLISAT AMPAS TAHU SECARA FERMENTASI ANAEROB MENGGUNAKAN KULTUR CAMPURAN Amir Husin; Sarto Sarto; Siti Syamsiah; Imam Prasetyo
Reaktor Volume 15, No.2, OKTOBER 2014
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (599.85 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.2.87-96

Abstract

Ampas tahu merupakan produk samping industri pengolahan tahu berbahan dasar kacang kedelai (Glysine max.).  Dalam studi ini, ampas tahu yang telah mengalami perlakuan-awal dengan metode yang berbeda dikonversi menjadi hidrogen menggunakan kultur campuran.  Pengaruh perlakuan-awal asam satu-tahap (0,5% dan 10% berat HCl) dan dua-tahap (tahap I 0,5%  dan tahap II 10% berat HCl) terhadap sakarifikasi ampas tahu juga diinvestigasi.  Lebih lanjut, pengaruh perlakuan awal asam satu-tahap maupun dua-tahap terhadap produksi hidrogen dan efisiensi degradasi gula tereduksi dibandingkan.  Yield total gula-tereduksi 503,73 mg/g ampas tahu diperoleh dari perlakuan-awal asam dua-tahap.  Nilai ini kurang lebih 4 kali lebih tinggi dibanding hasil dari perlakuan-awal asam satu-tahap menggunakan 0,5% berat HCl. Studi produksi biohidrogen dilakukan secara batch menggunakan kultur campuran dengan kondisi reaksi  35oC dan pH awal 6,5,  Hasil percobaan menunjukkan, bahwa yield hidrogen kumulatif  maksimum 0,928  mmol/g  ampas tahu diperoleh dari perlakuan  asam dua-tahap  atau meningkat 1,8 kali dibanding perlakuan satu-tahap menggunakan 0,5% berat HCl. Key words : ampas tahu,  perlakuan asam, produksi hidrogen Abstract Tofu solid waste is one of the by-products of tofu-processing industry.  In this study, batch experiments were carried out to convert tofu solid waste pretreated by different methods into hydrogen using mixed culture.  The effects of one-stage (0.5% or 10% HCl) and two-stage (first stage 0.5% HCl) and second stage 10% HCl) pretreatments on the saccharification of tofu solid waste were also studied.  Furthermore, the effects of  and/or  two- stages acid pretreatments on hydrogen production and degradation efficiencies the reducing-sugar (RS) were compared.  A maximum total RS yield of 503.73 mg/g-tofu solid waste was obtained from substrate pretreated with two-stages method.  It was approximately 4-fold greater than that from substrate pretreated with one-stage method using 0.5% wt HCl. At the reaction condition of 35oC, initial pH =  6.5, and RS concentration based on 2 grams of tofu solid waste pretreated, a maximum cumulative hydrogen yield was 0.928  mmol/g-tofu solid waste from substrate  pretreated  with  two-stages method.  It was approximately 1.8-fold greater than that from substrate pretreated with one-stage method using 0.5% wt HCl. The results show that two-stage acid preteatment can enhancing the amount of  reducing sugar in the mixture and hydrogen yield from tofu solid wastes. 
Penentuan Konstanta Kecepatan Reaksi Sintesis Gliserol Dari Minyak Kelapa Curah Dan Larutan Soda Api I. Sumantri; R. Nurwiyani; R. H. Hapsari
Reaktor Volume 6 No. 2 Desember 2002
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2608.557 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.6.2.68-71

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan orde reaksi, konstanta kecepatan reaksi dan kondisi optimum reaksi dari reaksi saponifikasi minyak kelapa curah. Minyak kelapa dan larutan NaOH dimasukkan dalam reaktor berpengaduk dengan komposisi tertentu dan kecepatan pengadukan yang konstan selama satu jam. Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 40 0C sampai dengan 100 0C. Sampel diambil untuk dianalisis setiap 10 menit. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa jenis reaksi yang terjadi adalah reaksi searah dengan orde reaksi 0,5 terhadap gliseril tristearat, konstanta kecepatan reaksi (k) berdasarkan signifikansi (R2) optimum dicapai pada suhu 70 0C dengan harha k adalah 3,38. 10-3 mol/L.det dan signifikansi sebesar 95,36% (ralat maksimum 5%).Kata kunci : orde reaksi, konstanta kecepatan reaksi, kinetika reaksi
A QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP (QSPR) EVALUATION OF CRITICAL VOLUME OF UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON ALKENES AND ALKYNES USING SIMPLE CONNECTIVITY INDICES Oman Zuas; Dyah Styarini
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (449.382 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.4.260 – 267

Abstract

A quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) was used in this study to relate the critical volume (Vc) of unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes and alkynes compounds to their molecular structures. A QSPR study of Vc was performed on the basis of simple connectivity indices (SCI’s). The obtained QSPR model is predictive and requires only one SCI descriptor in the calculation with statistical parameters including standard coefficient correlation (R2)=0.997, cross-validated correlation coefficients (Q2)=0.976, and average absolute error (AAE)=0.12. Application of the best QSPR model to a testing set of 30 alkenes and alkynes demonstrates good predictability without the needs in any experimental physicochemical properties data.
Activated Carbon Derived From OPEFB by One Step Steam Activation and Its Application for Dye Adsorption : Kinetics and Isothermal Studies Fahriya Puspita Sari; Dede Heri Yuli Yanto; Gustan Pari
Reaktor Volume 19 No. 2 June 2019
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (582.973 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.19.2.68-76

Abstract

Activated carbon was prepared from OPEFB by one step steam activation method. The adsorption performance for the removal of acid orange 52 (AO 52), reactive blue 19 (RB 19), basic violet 1 (BV 1) was investigated. Each dye has a different chemical structure such as azoic, anthraquinone, triarylmethane for AO 52, RB 19, and BV 1 respectively. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time on the adsorption process were studied. Experimental data were analyzed by model equations such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms and it was found that the Langmuir isotherm model best fitted for all three dyes with R2 values is higher than 0.95. Langmuir model assumes a homogeneous nature and monolayer coverage of dye molecules at the outer surface of activated carbon. Adsorption kinetics was determined using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order rate equations, Elovich model and also intraparticle diffusion models. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the adsorption process with R2 values exceeds 0,99 compared with the other kinetics model. The SEM images showed AC pores was well developed with steam activation while wider porosity is created in the macropore range. FT-IR analysis had shown that the AC functional groups were disappeared because of vaporization the volatile materials when the heating process. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetic, OPEFB, Steam Activation

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