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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 530 Documents
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Performance Evaluation Study of Stripper in CO2 Removal Unit Andika Anugrah; Muslikhin Hidayat; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan
Reaktor Volume 23 No.1 April 2023
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.1.1.21-25

Abstract

An ammonia plant has a very important role in the fertilizer industry. This plant processes natural gas, steam, and air as raw materials into ammonia and carbon dioxide (CO2) products. The ammonia and CO2 products will become feed for the urea plant. One of the units in the ammonia plant is CO2 removal. The CO2 removal unit functions to separate CO2 gas from syngas to be processed to the urea plant, so the performance of the CO2 removal unit is very crucial for the plant. One of the pieces of equipment that supports the performance of the CO2 removal unit is a stripper. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the stripper by arranging a mathematical model and solution for steady-state conditions. One of the stripping performance parameters is CO2 lean loading. Completing mathematical equations using the Matlab program and obtaining profiles of the mole flow rate and temperature along the bed packing stripper. Variables that affect stripper performance include temperature and pH. When compared with operational plant data, the simulation results show an error of below five percent. The optimum operating conditions for the stripping process so that CO2 lean loading is minimum:a. Bottom stripper temperature = 1200C – 1230C,b. pH inlet stripper = 7.9-8.1.
Chitosan-modified fly-ash/kaolin ceramic membrane for enhancing FOG-water separation performance Eny Apriyanti; Heru Susanto; I Nyoman Widiasa
Reaktor Volume 23 No.1 April 2023
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.1.1.26-36

Abstract

Ceramic membranes with efficient construction can save costs and simplify the wastewater treatment process. The price of raw materials and the amount of energy used during the sintering process are the two key factors that affect the final cost of ceramic membranes. This work used kaolin and fly ash recovered from power plants as the support membrane and chitosan as selective layer of composite ceramic membranes. Rigid alumina particles were added to the supports to bring them into alignment with the sintering temperature of the fly-ash/kaolin support. Additionally, the chitosan layer coating increased the supports' bending strength. By simple surface coating, chitosan with different molecular weights was spread over the fly-ash/kaolin supports. The membranes' average pore size radius and porosity were 20 nm and 49%, respectively. The oil removal rate was over 99.8% and the stable permeance was close to 20.5 Lm2h1 when treating oil-water emulsions with 400 mg/L oil content. This is most likely because of the super-hydrophilic performance of kaolin and the electrostatic repulsion between the membrane and oil droplets. The fabricated membranes also demonstrated high antifouling performance by enhancing FRR up to 88% and reduced the reversible fouling ratio. This study suggests that modified membrane has great potential for practical application in oily wastewater treatment.
Synthesis of Some Distinct Curcumin-Based Pyrano [2,3-D] Pyrimidines with Barbituric Acid, Cinnamaldehyde, and Benzaldehyde Kam Natania; Riviana Susanto; Antonius Herry Cahyana
Reaktor Volume 23 No.1 April 2023
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.1.1.1-8

Abstract

Curcumin is a powerful radical oxygen scavenger. The modification of of curcumin’s α, β-unsaturated 1,3-diketone moiety can be carried out to improve its physicochemical stability and functionality. This research aimed to conduct a modification of curcumin structure and to study the antioxidant activity of the modified curcumin-based compound. The modified curcumin made from a combination of benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde, using barbituric acid and combination of citric acid as catalyst and ethanol as solvent. The combination of ethanol solvent and 20 mmol% citric acid catalyst produce the highest yield of curcumin product which has a yield of 99.3581±0.2873% and was chosen as the best combination for the next modification using different β-diketone compounds. In the following stage, the mixture was reacted with either benzaldehyde or cinnamaldehyde. Yield, TLC, and antioxidant activity parameters were assessed for all modified products and were accompanied by their characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This study showed that curcumin cinnamaldehyde had a yield of 47.4831±2.7032%, a maximum wavelength of 416 nm, and antioxidant activity of IC50 18.2130±2.8766 mg/L with a molecular mass of 594 m/z. Keywords: antioxidant activity, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, dimedone, modification
Physicochemical Characteristics of Butterfly Pea Flower Petals Steep Obtained at Different Steeping Temperature and Time Lucia Soedirga; Intan C Matita; Jessica Sidharta
Reaktor Volume 23 No.1 April 2023
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.1.1.9-15

Abstract

Flower is an important part of the plant containing phytochemical compounds, especially the phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanin that can be used as natural antioxidants. Phytochemical compounds are usually drawn by steeping the flower petals in hot water. Indeed, different temperatures and steeping times would affect the yield of phytochemicals obtained. The butterfly pea flower is one of edible flowers that brings antioxidant activity due to the presence of phytochemical compounds, namely flavonoids and phenolic acids. Nevertheless, there have been limited studies dedicated to the search of steeping condition of butterfly pea flower petals in water. Thus, this study aimed to determine the time and temperature of steeping to produce the butterfly pea step with preferred physicochemical characteristics. The result indicates that butterfly pea flower petals which undergo steeping at 60°C for 45 minutes produce antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 251.89 ± 32.02 ppm. Furthermore, the butterfly pea flower steep produced had blue to purple color with °Hue of 277.06 ±2.55, 1.23 ± 0.07 mg/L of total monomeric anthocyanin content, 6.83 ± 0.02 of pH and 138.42 ± 15.88 mg GAE / g sample of total phenolic content. Keywords: antioxidant; butterfly pea flower; steep; temperature; time
Redesign of Boiler Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) on The Utilization of Waste Gas in The Cement Industry Fiqri Hadi Hendriyansyah; Rifania Nendry W.P.; Vibianti Dwi Pratiwi
Reaktor Volume 23 No.1 April 2023
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.1.1.16-20

Abstract

Approximately, 20%-50% of the total energy consumption during cement production is disposed of unintendedly as waste heat. This is very unfortunate considering that this waste heat still has the energy that can be further utilized. The heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) boiler system is one of widely used solutions in the chemical industry process to save operating costs in the chemical industry process. The purpose of this research is to determine the amount of energy that can be saved by implementing the HRSG system under ideal operating conditions. Based on the simulation results, the HRSG boiler design can produce steam with a temperature of 235°C and subsequently reduce the flue gas temperature from 244°C to 140.6°C. The HRSG system produces energy in the power turbine up to 1,756 kW with total energy exchanged in the system of 17,567.38 kW from the total energy in the flue gas of 20,693.96 kW and provides an overall efficiency of 84.61% at steady state conditions.Keywords: Aspen HYSYS, Waste Heat, Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)
Anaerobic Fermentation of Mixed Fruits Peel Waste for Functional Enzymes Production Employing Palm Sugar and Molasses as The Carbon Source Retnowati, Diah Susetyo; Kumoro, Andri Cahyo; Haryani, Kristinah
Reaktor Volume 23 No.2 August 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.2.71-76

Abstract

The daily abundant generation of fruit peel waste potentially triggers environmental problems if no appropriate management is performed. Besides, fruit peel waste can be a valuable source for functional enzyme production. This study aims to investigate the use of molasses and palm sugar as sugar source during anaerobic fermentation of banana and papaya peel waste to produce functional enzymes. The fermentation was subjected to biomass at various banana peels to papaya peels mass ratio for 3 months. The feed consisted of sugar:biomass:water, and their mass ratio was kept constant at 1:3:10. Both brown functional enzyme cocktails obtained from the fermentation using palm sugar and molasses as carbon source were acidic with pH of 3.7 and 4.4, respectively. The amylase, protease, and lipase activities of the functional enzyme cocktails was maximum when the biomass mixture contained four portions of banana peel and one portion of papaya peel. In addition, molasses was found to be the better sugar source than palm sugar for producing functional enzymes from aerobic fermentation peel fruits comprises banana and papaya peels. This study proved that fruit peel waste can be converted to valuable functional enzymes as one of the solutions of fruit peel waste management Keywords: anaerobic fermentation; carbon source; enzyme activity; functional enzyme; organic waste
Synthesis of Isatin-based Chalcone Derivatives and Their Activity as Antioxidants Saputri, Yosephine Liliana Intan Danar; Cahyana, Antonius Herry; Yunarti, Rika Tri
Reaktor Volume 23 No.2 August 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.2.62-70

Abstract

The body needs antioxidants to combat free radicals and guard against their damaging effects on healthy cells that might result in degenerative disorders. Several degenerative diseases include hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and cancer. The human body can deal with free radical attacks caused by radiation, stress, cigarette smoke, and environmental pollution, so it requires additional external antioxidants to protect against free radical attacks. Chalcone is a compound that has an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system, which makes chalcone compounds have biological activity. Chalcone compounds may be used in pharmacology as antioxidants, antifungals, antibacterial agents, anticancer agents, and for other biological activities. This study aims to synthesize a chalcone derivative, namely 3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-one and 5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-one containing a chloro substituent, as well as test the potential of these compounds as antioxidants. The reflux method of claisen-schmidt condensation of isatin and acetophenone was used to create chalcone derivatives. Spectroscopy was used to characterize the produced chemicals (UV-VIS, IR, and LCMS) and their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. This study showed that the antioxidant activity of 3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-one and 5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-one compounds is very weak at low concentrations.
The Effect of Air Injection for Formation of Radicals in Liquid Glow Discharge Plasma Electrolysis with K2SO4 Solution Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Rengga, Woro Dyah Pita; Kusumaningrum, Maharani; Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya; Saksono, Nelson; Zakaria, Zainal
Reaktor Volume 23 No.2 August 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.2.37-43

Abstract

Glow discharge is part of the phenomenon of plasma formation on the electrode side in contact with the electrolyte solution and begins with an electrolysis reaction with direct electric current. In this research, 0.02 M K2SO4 electrolyte was used, the anode in the form of tungsten and stainless steel for the cathode in a direct current plasma electrolysis reactor. The phenomenon of plasma formation is explained using a strong current and voltage characteristic curve. There are three plasma formation zones: the ohmic zone, the transition zone and the glow discharge plasma zone. Air injection affects the formation of glow discharge plasma and radicals. Without the injection of air, radicals formed only •OH, •H and •O with emission intensities of 20012 a.u, 10121 a.u and 10245 a.u. Air injection 0.8 L men-1 produced radicals •OH, •N, •N2*, •N2+, •H and •O with emission intensities of 30863a.u, 20139 a.u, 28540 a.u, 18023 a.u, 12547 a.u and 49800 a.u. Many radicals are generated when the plasma reaches stability. The plasma is dominated by H2O ionization, and the plasma is more stable if formed in the gas phase. Other results from this research at 0 L men-1, 0.2 L men-1, 0.4 L men-1 and 0.8 L men-1 stable plasma were formed at 675 V, 660 V, 650 V and 650 V. The plasma that can be seen from the bright light, the injection of air accelerates the formation of a gas envelope to reduce energy.
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland Design for Domestic Wastewater Treatment for Communal Scale in DKI Jakarta Environmental Service Dormitory Putra, Giovanni Ruly; Ridhosari, Betanti; Sofiyah, Evi Siti; Zahra, Nurulbaiti Listyendah; Sarwono, Ariyanti; Suryawan, I Wayan Koko
Reaktor Volume 23 No.2 August 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.2.44-52

Abstract

To better manage Jakarta's domestic wastewater, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government commissioned the construction of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) in multiple locations across the city. After the results of the measurements have been determined, engineering work needs to order to address the numerous parameters more than excesses of the quality in addition, there. This study intends to develop a vertical flow CW design as an additional treatment for the DKI Jakarta Environmental Service Dormitory Communal Domestic WWTP as a recommendation for improvement so that the quality of treated water can meet domestic wastewater quality standards. This study aims to ensure that the quality of treated water can meet domestic wastewater quality standards. This redesign makes use of a variety of data sources, including primary data as well as secondary data. The necessary information is the quantity of constable water consumption and the quality of the domestic wastewater produced within the environment of the DKI Jakarta DLH Dormitory. Through a network of pipelines, wastewater from activities such as bathing and using the latrines is transported directly to the WWTP. During this time, water from activities such as washing and runoff caused by rain will enter various drainage channels to the receiving water body, the Ciliwung River. The length of the CW at WWTP 1 is 6.718 meters, and its width is 3.35 meters. Following more in-depth processing of the available data, it was discovered that the existing outlet wastewater had a low C/N ratio. When creating wetlands in the field using artificial CW, the discharge that flows into the wetland and the release that flows out of the wetland is not the same. The amount can either be decreased or increased according to the current circumstances. This needs to be considered for the presence of water in the swamp system to be managed. After being processed with VFCW, it was discovered that the total BOD value of the effluent produced was less than 30 mg/L. This suggests that the processing of VFCW can conform to the requirements of PermenLHK No. 68/2016, which is concerned with the Quality Standards for Domestic Wastewater. The ammonium-nitrogen value by comparing the molar mass value to NH3. As a result, WWTP locations 1, 2, and 3 have all achieved the required quality. The NH4 value, on the other hand, has not been able to meet the quality standard of PermenLHK No. 68/2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. This is because the ammonia concentration from Domestic Communal WWTP 4 is so high. As a solution to this problem, WWTP 4 will be upgraded from four plants per square meter (ppm) to five plants per sq m (ppm), hoping to improve the rate at which plants absorb nutrients. The removal of ammonia using VFCW can range anywhere from 34 - 95 percent. Keywords: Domestic Wastewater, Planning, Constructed Wetland, WWTP
Optimization of Rice Bran Oil Bleaching via Carotenoid Adsorption onto Activated Carbon using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Damayanti, Astrilia -; Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Bahlawan, zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy; Dillah, Shohib Qomad; Dewi, Yasinda Verrel Dinara Shinka; Kristi, Silvia Yolanda; Prasetyo, Ridwan Anung
Reaktor Volume 23 No.2 August 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.2.53-61

Abstract

Rice bran oil (RBO) is a by-product of rice processing with a good fatty acid profile and high oxidative stability. This study aims to optimize the bleaching stage of the rice bran oil refining process to determine the minimum levels of carotenoids in RBO by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This research used the Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design with three variables: bleaching temperature (50, 80, 1100C), bleaching time (20, 40, 60 minutes), and activated carbon concentration (0.4, 0.8, 1.2%). As a result, the model was enhanced to explain the correlation of each variable and the different data variations. This study employed the Derringer method to determine the most optimal variable variation that produces the lowest carotene levels. This study found that the optimal carotene level was 4.87 mg/kg with an activated carbon concentration of 1.18%, temperature of 500C, and time of 53.155 minutes.

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