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Dessy Ariyanti
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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 530 Documents
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Effect of CaO/Fe2O3 Ratio and Oil/Methanol Molar Ratio on Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Buchori, Luqman; Setiadi, Iqfan Dwi; Nurushofa, Faustina Alda; Anggoro, Didi Dwi
Reaktor Volume 24 No.1 April 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.24.1.1-6

Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel that can be produced through the transesterification reaction of biomass. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of comparative composition of CaO and Fe2O3 on CaO/Fe2O3 catalysts from eggshells and Fe2O3 in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. In addition, it was also studied the effect of the ratio of oil and methanol on the yield and characteristics of the biodiesel produced. Catalysts were prepared through impregnation. The esterification-transesterification process was carried out with the conditions WCO:methanol molar ratio of 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:12 and 1:15, catalyst (3%wt oil), heated at 65°C for 3 hours with a stirring scale of 1200 rpm. The results showed biodiesel production using CaO: Fe2O3 catalyst with the ratio of CaO: Fe2O3 70:30 and WCO:methanol molar ratio of 1:9 obtained higher yield (84.5%) compared to others. The best biodiesel yield produced is the CaO:Fe2O3 catalyst ratio of 70:30 and the WCO:methanol molar ratio of 1:9 with a biodiesel yield of 84.50% with a methyl ester content of 99.63% and a FAME yield of 84.14%. The biodiesel produced has met the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) in terms of density and viscosity.
The Effect of Variation of Palm Fronds Absorbent Concentration In Adsorption Process to Reduce Free Fatty Acid Content on Tengkawang Oil Puspita, Filda Agum; Oktaviani, Eva Pramuni; Rakasiwi, Rinjani Ratih; Ivontianti, Wivina Diah
Reaktor Volume 23 No.3 December 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.3.92-100

Abstract

Tengkawang oil that hasn’t through purification process contains free fatty acid that can affect its quality, where this essence is the polluter that must be removed because it can caused a rancid. The removal of free fatty acid content on Tengkawang oil was done through adsorption process utilizing palm fronds adsorbent by using its cellulose content. Palm fronds went through dilegnification process using 10% of NaOH, then adsorption process was conducted with adsorbent concentration variety 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Adsorbent characterized by utilizing FTIR and SAA, from FTIR result shows that palm fronds contain berlignocellulose function cluster, after delignification the C=C lignin compound function cluster still can be found on FTIR result and after adsorption O-H cluster went through intensity decrement which shows that cellulose content and hydroxyl (-OH) cluster reacted with adsorbat. Furthermore, there’s absorption on C-H function cluster that indicates the existence of free fatty acid compound and other polluter that adsorbed by palm fronds adsorbent. The characteristic of palm fronds adsorbent after delignification process was conducted shows the pore size is on micropore range with surface area of 6.480 m2/g, pore volume of 0.01138 cc/g and pore radius of 12.4 Å. The result of the research shows decreasing percentage of free fatty acid, capacity value and adsorption effectiveness of Tengkawang oil that the highest is on adsorbent concentration as much as 25% with decreasing percentage of free fatty acid as much as 4.68%, adsorption capacity as much as 207.19 mg/g and adsorption effectiveness as much as 36.28%. Keywords: adsorption; delignification; free fatty acid; tengkawang oil
Identification of Isocyanate Number on IPDI and TDI Due to Storage Period and Their Impact on Composite Solid Propellant Pinalia, Anita; Ratnawati, Ratnawati
Reaktor Volume 24 No.1 April 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.24.1.7-14

Abstract

Isocyanate compounds serve as a curing agent in the production of composite propellants, playing a crucial role in determining their characteristics. Due to its high reactivity with moisture, it is essential to determine the isocyanate number of stored samples after a specific duration. The investigation identified the isocyanate number of IPDI and TDI that had been held for 84 and 90 months. The FTIR analysis identified the presence of the NCO group at 2240 cm-1 for TDI and 2243 cm-1 for IPDI samples held for 84 and 90 months. The isocyanate number identification decreased by 1-2% after being stored for six months. This reduction in isocyanate quantity undoubtedly impacts the development of propellant compositions. The reduction in isocyanate content will alter the propellant formulation, leading to propellants with different characteristics due to its impact on the curing ratio (NCO/OH). The curing ratio greatly impacts the mechanical properties of composite propellant.
Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation of Batik Wastewater using Natural Pyrite Irawaty, Wenny; Yuliana, Maria; Wijaya, Christian J.; Retnoningtyas, Ery S.; Lourentius, Suratno; Puspitasari, Nathania; Hamidah, Umi
Reaktor Volume 23 No.3 December 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.3.101-107

Abstract

Heterogeneous Fenton processes with solid natural pyrite catalyst have gained attention for wastewater treatment. The improvement of degradation efficiency of natural pyrite is specific and therefore, it is still a challenging issue. This study was aimed to investigate the performance of Indonesian natural pyrite, without any purification, to treat the real wastewater obtained from batik home industry. To address this issue, several experiment variables such as pre-reaction between pyrite and hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pH were investigated. COD removal has been found to increase in a slightly acid condition (4.5 to 5.65) and inhibited at pHs of 8 and above (10). The results showed the presence of hydrogen peroxide was indeed greatly influence the wastewater degradation and the solution pH did not significantly change the wastewater degradation in the range of 3 and less than 8. Moreover, the pre-reaction period was found as the important part to initiate the degradation process. The optimum degradation efficiency was obtained by providing the pre-reaction time of 20 min with the addition of 326 mmol/L of H2O2 in the system and the mixture was reacted for 30 min at room temperature and real wastewater pH. Based on results observed in this study, it can be concluded that the batik wastewater can be degraded by natural pyrite up to 84% under reaction conditions studied. This finding offers great opportunity to further investigate and develop the heterogeneous Fenton process for real applications in industry.
Peat Water Treatment Using Modified Red mud Ivontianti, Wivina Diah; Shalindry, Riysan Octy; Maleiva, Lalak Tarbiyatun Nasyin
Reaktor Volume 24 No.1 April 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.24.1.15-21

Abstract

Red mud is an alumina refinery waste residue that has been used to develop an effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment, one of which can be applied to peat water. Peat water treatment is carried out using the adsorption method. This study sought to ascertain the impact of the acid types of acid HCl and H2SO4 solution on dealumination process to the characteristics of the red mud adsorbent based on the analysis of XRF and BET instruments. In addition, this study was to determine the effect of the effect of mass variations of the red mud adsorbent on the effectiveness of peat water treatment. This research was conducted on a laboratory scale using variations in the adsorbent mass of 1 g; 3 g ; 5 g and 7 g and variation of contact time used was 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes . The results showed an increase in the Si/Al ratio from 1.064% to 1.697% for HCl, while for H2SO41.565%.  Increasing of surface area with HCl was 179.574% while using H2SO4 was 162.891%. The results of research on the adsorption process with variations in the mass of the adsorbent 1, 3, 5, and 7 grams obtained the results of peat water pH respectively were 6.6; 7.0; 7.0; and 7,1. In the Fe metal there were removal of 73.39%; 37.09%; 24.19% and -141.93%. Then for the organic matter removal efficiency were 53.07%; 50%; 44.30% and -17.98% respectively. In variation of contact time for the parameter Fe, there were removals of 29,03%, 27,41%, and 24,19% respectively. Then for organic matter the removal efficiencies were 32,46%, 54,82%, 48,25%, and 44,29%. The optimum condition based on the result obtained are the 5 g for the mass adsorbent and 30 minute for contact time. Keywords: adsorbent; dealumination; H2SO4; HCl; peat water; red mud.
Performance of An Aerated Wastewater Stabilization Pond for the Treatment of Cultivation Wastewater of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Grow-out Ponds Jannah, Rizkiyah Fatikhatul; Ratnawati, Ratnawati; Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Widiasa, I Nyoman
Reaktor Volume 23 No.3 December 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.3.105-115

Abstract

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a major cultivated crustacean species whose aquaculture production has doubled in the last decade. The implementation of shrimp pond systems using closed or intensive methods is widely carried out. However, wastewater produced by intensive shrimp farming may cause environmental effects. This study is aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the aerated wastewater stabilization pond to treat the cultivation wastewater. The physicochemical parameters monitored were temperature, pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate. In the case of this study, almost all physicochemical parameters of the water coming out of the aerated wastewater stabilization pond are suitable for use as input water for integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA). Temperature, pH, salinity, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate were 27.1°C to 32.2°C, 7.86 to 8.79, 30 ppt to 34 ppt, 0.003 mg/L to 0.068 mg/L, and 0.19 mg/L to 1.31 mg/L, respectively. Only ammonia concentration significantly fluctuated in the range of 0.44 mg/L to 12 mg/L. 
The Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanotube Doped Zn for Methylene Blue Degradation Nursanto, Eduardus Budi; Floresyona, Dita; Hadi, Abdul
Reaktor Volume 24 No.1 April 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.24.1.22-27

Abstract

TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-NT) is one of the promising materials for photocatalytic water remediation. TiO2-NT doped Zn (Zn/TiO2-NT) is synthesized from P25 Degussa via one step hydrothermal method. From XRD and UV-DRS analysis, it showed that Zn as a doping material led to decrease band gap energy and decrease the crystallite size. The best results obtained was Zn/TiO2-NT with a crystallite size of 7.14 nm, and band gap energy value of 3.18 eV. Photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2-NT was also tested for photocatalytic activity of textile dye (methylene blue) degradation.  During the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation, the Zn/TiO2-NT shows higher activity compared to non-doped sample. The non-doped sample shows degradation activity of 87.72%, meanwhile the Zn/TiO2-NT shows degradation activity of 95.88%.
Adsorption using Selective Adsorbents as An Effective Method for Rare Earth Elements Recovery–a Review Jamilah, Nurul; Cahaya, Adam B; Riswoko, Asep
Reaktor Volume 23 No.3 December 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.3.77-91

Abstract

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are strategically important for the industry, especially in the manufacture of high-technology products and components, such as electric batteries for energy storage, energy conversion, defense and security industry, electric vehicles, components on smartphones, laptops, liquid crystal display, and others. Generally, REEs are processed by liquid-liquid extraction. However, this process is very costly due to the use of chemicals and high operational costs, so the waste has the potential to pollute the environment. Currently, innovative separation/recovery techniques are continuously being developed for effective and environmentally friendly extraction of rare earths. The adsorption method using the optimal adsorbent is one of the most efficient methods for recovering REEs at low concentrations. This method offers several advantages, including high release effectiveness, ease of installation and operation, low maintenance costs, and reduced chemical consumption. This study reviews the mechanism, characterization, and several adsorbents from natural to synthetic materials, especially nanocomposite-based adsorbents for the recovery of rare earths. In addition, the discussion of several parameters that affect the adsorbent. However, the results of several methodological breakthroughs that have been carried out show how much further research is needed
A Leak Free Phase Change Materials with Enhanced Thermal Buffering Properties by TiO2/Biochar Ariyanti, Dessy; Huda, Khoirul; Bayu Samudra, Muhammad; Lesdantina, Dina; Adi Saputra, Erwan; Hamzah, Fazlena
Reaktor Volume 23 No.3 December 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.3.116-126

Abstract

A leak free organic phase change material of palmitic acid with enhanced thermal buffering properties was synthesized by simple chemical TiO2/biochar encapsulation process. By utilizing the optimum amount of TiO2 as an encapsulation agent the minimalization of leakage phenomena during the phase change process can be achieved with the value 20-25% of weight loss. Furthermore, the additional sugar cane bagasse-based biochar that was introduced to the encapsulation system acts as a support matrix that enhances further the leakage properties into free leak category with the percentage of weight lost 1.1-1.4 %. Moreover, the introduction of sugar cane bagasse-based biochar in the encapsulation system of the palmitic acid PCM can improve the thermal buffering properties by keeping a package box temperature in the range of 2-80C for more than 20 h by means small increment of temperature 0.72oC/h.  Keywords: PCM, encapsulation, palmitic acid, thermal buffering, leakage
Gravity-Based PVC/PVP/SiO2 Membrane for River Water Treatment Aryanti, Putu Teta Prihartini
Reaktor Volume 24 No.1 April 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.24.1.28-35

Abstract

In this study, UF-GDM membranes are made from PVC (12-14% weight), which is mixed with PVP (0-5% weight) and SiO2 (1-3% weight) in a DMAc solvent. The results showed that the PVC/PVP/SiO2 membrane formulation 12/5/1 produced a membrane with the lowest water contact angle of 55° and a permeate flux of 34 L.m-².h-1. However, the membrane is more susceptible to fouling, characterized by a 21% decrease in flux during 5 hours of operation. This is due to the large porosity of the membrane (84%). PVC/PVP/SiO2 formulations 14/2,5/1 showed the highest decrease in contaminants (turbidity above 99.9%, TDS of 47-51%, conductivity of 96%, and organic matter of 97.5%), but low permeate flux (8 L.m-².h-1) due to tighter membrane pores and high flux decrease (20%) due to fouling. The best formulation was obtained in a 12/2,5/1 PVC/PVP/SiO2 composition, with a more stable flux (37 L.m-².h-1) and a decrease of 9% over 5 hours. This formulation also showed a decrease in TDS of 38%, turbidity of 99.9%, conductivity of 96%, and organic substances of 98%. With clear water results, this formulation has the potential to be further developed in the manufacture of membranes for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient clean water supply.

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