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Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

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Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

ISSN : 0853196X EISSN : 26148889 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Indonesian Journal of Oil Palm Research Volume 26 Number 2 Year 2018 is published by presenting articles: Utilization of candlenut shell charcoal (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.) as adsorben on refinery of Crude Palm Oil (CPO); Application of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for predicting oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield based on rainfall and the previous level of yield; Utilization of endophytic bacteria to improve the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings growth; Nutrients use efficiency of several types of fertilizers on the oil palm seedling; and Fatty acid and carotene composition in Elaeis oleifera, interspecific hybrid, and the first pseudo-backcross in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 145 Documents

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KARAKTERISASI MINYAK SELAMA PEMATANGAN BUAH PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) VARIETAS DxP SIMALUNGUN Sujadi Sujadi; Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan; Meta Rivani
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

This research was conducted to study the changing levels of oil, kernel and water on the palm fruits, palm kernel oil content on the kernel, and chlorophyll, carotene and tocols (tocopherols & tocotrienols) content on oil from oil palm plants D × P Simalungun during ripening fruits for 0 to 24 weeks after reseptic (WAR). Fruits fertilized at 0 WAR containing 81% water, 0.5% oil and not containing the kernel. Water levels declined during ripening of fruits and at 20 – 24 WAR by 27 – 36%. Levels of oil rised during ripening fruits and increased rapidly after 17 WAR, maximum oil content (51.6%) was obtained at 22 WAR, which was the optimum time for harvesting the fruits. Kernel had not formed until 4 WAR and formed in 5 WAR (0.1%), the increase occurred in the 14 – 24 WAR by 4 – 5%. Changes in fatty acid shown by the total unsaturated fatty acids (polyunsaturated) decreased, while total saturated fatty acids increased. Changes in the main fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0), linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3) and stearic (C18:0). Changes in fatty acids also cause changed of iodine value. Carotene had been established at 0 WAR (73 ppm) and then continue rised to 12 MSR reach 1,301 ppm and decreased during fruit ripening at 20 – 24 WAR (703 – 598 ppm). Tocols levels continue rised and a drastic improvement occurred at 20 WAR (700.3 ppm from 353 ppm at 19 WAR). Chlorophyll content increased at 0 – 16 WAR (1.7 to 20.9 ppm), and then decreased at 22 – 24 WAR (1.1 to 2.1 ppm). Palm kernel oil content in the kernel at 7 WAR amounted to 56.2% and increased to 15 WAR (56.2 to 68.7%) but decreased at 20 – 24 WAR (54.0 to 59.9%).

ASSESSMENT MODEL MUKA AIR TANAH PADA PERTANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN BERBUKIT Iman Yani Harahap; M. Edwin Syahputra Lubis
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

The aim of this research is to assess performance of developed water table model on oil palm area in a hilly land. The model requires some data of initiatial condition, input model, and physical parameters of the soils and crops. Initial data includes leaf area index, latitude geography position, initial water table, and the deep of impermeable soil layer. Input model includes daily weather data (rainfall, temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed). Soil physic parameters includes bulk volum density at each soil layers, and run-off of the soil surface. The crop parameters includes rainfall interception of crown and stem plants. Daily water table measurement was carried out at 3 points of wells located in one line hilly catena (30 – 70 m above sea level) with slope about of 15% (top, middle, and foot). The area was the 20 years old oil palm planting area, soil type was Typic Hapludult with coarse to fine soil texture, hydraulic conductivity was classified as fast. The water table in this area was located in unconfined aquifer zone. The results showed that outputs of the model were 3 - 4% higher than the actual values observed on the top hill, 7 – 8% lower than the actual values on the middle sloping of the hill, and 7 – 7.5% lower than the actual values on the foot hill. The high rate of run-off at the top might have reduced the water inflow (through infiltration process) to the system, causing output values of the model were higher than the actual values. On the other hand, the water inflow from the top to the lower area might have increased the water inflow to the system, so that the actual values were higher than the output values of the water table model. Adjustments of parameters mainly run-off rate and hydraulic potential gradient on sloping and hilly physiography might increase the accuracy of the model.

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN HARA MAKRO DI DALAM TANAH DENGAN METODE NEAR INFRA RED (NIR) Eka Nuryanto; Ellen Gouw
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Fertilizer costs are the largest component of production costs in oil palm plantations. To obtain precise data dosage and type of fertilizer used, it is necessary to analyze the contents of macro and micronutrients in soil in oil palm plantation. Analysis of nutrients content using the conventional method is expensive and not environmentally friendly. Analysis by Near Infra Red (NIR) spectroscopyy method has several advantages such as rapid, does not require chemicals, and environmentally friendly. Soil samples used in this study were 419 samples originating from the farm of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara in North Sumatra. Nutrients contents of the soil was determined by conventional methods and is used for calibration and validation of NIR Master of Buchi. Results of soil nutrients analysis with NIR method showed that the 2 value of r for N, P, K, Mg, and Ca respectively is 0,08; 0,7; 0,5; 0,3; and 0,8. While the difference of value of analysis using conventional method and NIR for parameter N, P, K, Mg and Ca respectively is 0.012%, 8,317 ppm, 0.045 meq/100g, 0.173 meq/100g, and 2 0.936 meq/100g. Although the value of r is relatively low but the difference in the analysis results using conventional and NIR methods is also low . Thus the analysis of macro nutrient content in the soil in oil palm plantations is very possible can be done with NIR spectroscopy method.

OPTIMASI ANALISIS TEKNIKAL DALAM STRATEGI PEMASARAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT: MODEL PERAMALAN HARGA HARIAN UNTUK 30 HARI TRANSAKSI Ambar Kurniawan; Ahmad Haslan Saragih
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Information on future trends in price movement has a strategic role in the palm oil business. Through this information then embodied in the form of product marketing strategy. This study aims to build a daily price forecasting model for 30 days of forward transactions (Model 30 DTH) and based on the technical analysis. Goodness of fit is based on the suitability of the trend of price movement and the daily margin error between the forecast and the actual price in the future (ex-ante). Referring to both indicators from the Formulation stage to the 9th Validation, it shows that the model is relatively good in predicting daily price movement trends as well as daily error margins.

DAYA SAING EKSPOR MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA Ratnawati Nurkhoiry
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Indonesia is the biggest palm oil exporter, however how much Indonesia's competitiveness compared to other exporting countries still need to study. This study measures competitiveness using 10 indicators of trade from the World Bank divided into 3 major groups, namely; export share, market penetration and comparative advantage. Using trade data from UN Comtrade of palm oil in HS code, 2004-2016. Referring to the results of 10 indicators, Indonesia; share exports are increasing, stronger market penetration, more diversified exports, and increased comparative advantage. Malaysia as exporter, although the share of exports is declining but still has strong market penetration, diversified exports and comparative advantage.

EFEK KEKERINGAN DAN GANGGUAN ASAP TERHADAP EKOFISIOLOGI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DI SUMATRA SELATAN Syarovy, Muhdan; Pradiko, Iput; Listia, Eka; Darlan, Nuzul Hijri; Hidayat, Fandi; Winarna, Winarna; Rahutomo, Suroso
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 3 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Prolonged dry season, land fire, and haze disturbance occurred during El Niño 2015 in Indonesia. A study had been conducted to identify impacts of prolonged dry season and haze disturbance on ecophysiology of oil palm in Dawas Estate, South Sumatra. The study was conducted by collecting data of precipitation, visibility, oil palm fronds addition, rate of photosynthesis, Photosinthetically Active Radiation (PAR), and Elaeidobius kamerunicus activity on mature and immature palm before, during and after the incidence of drought and haze disturbance. T test was used for statistics analysis. The results showed that water deficit was recorded in July, August, September and October, it was 45, 92, 80, and 148 mm respectively. Dry month (precipitation was ≤ 60 mm) was 2 months, while dry spell occurred 3 times in June to July (33 days), August to September (42 days), and September to October (40 days). Haze disturbance occurred in August to November, it had decreased visibility to 80%. During drought stress and haze disturbance, there was decrease in fronds addition, photosynthesis rate and bunch productivity in following year. In addition, haze disturbance had decreased number of Elaeidobius kamerunicus visitting female flowers up to 95%.

DAMPAK MUKA AIR TANAH DAN AMELIORAN TERHADAP KELEMBAPAN TANAH, EMISI CO2 DAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT PADA TANAH GAMBUT Winarna, Winarna; Yusuf, Muhammad Arif; Rahutomo, Suroso; Sutarta, Edy Sigit
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 3 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

A field study on peat soil to investigate impacts of soil water table depth and soil ameliorant (steel sludge) had been carried out on mature oil palm. Three treatments of soil water table management and four rates of steel sludge application were applied in this study. Treatments of soil water table management were WLM1, WLM-2, and WLM-3, where soil water table depth was maintained at 35-50 cm, 60-75 cm, and >75 cm below the soil surface, respectively. Treatments of steel sludge were application of this soil ameliorant at the rate of 0; 3.15; 6.51; 9.86 kg tree-1. The study was arranged as split plot randomized block design by assigning soil water table management as main plot and rate of steel sludge as sub plot. Soil Data observed were actual soil water content, peat soil properties, CO2 emission, vegetative growth, and palm yield. The results showed that maintaining soil water table depth at < 75 cm could maintain actual soil moisture up to top parts of peat soil. On the other hand, deeper soil water table (>75 cm, WLM-3) caused significant effects on decreasing of soil moisture in the 0-10 cm layer of peat soil. CO2 emission was 37, 40, dan 45 ton ha-1 year-1 under WLM-1, WLM-2, and WLM-3, respectively. The drop of soil water table to >75 cm (WLM-3) significantly increased CO2 emission to about 11-18% higher than that on WLM-1 and WLM-2. Steel sludge application did not significantly decrease CO2 emission. The highest FFB yield was observed under WLM-1, then followed by WLM-2 and WLM-3. FFB yield was significantly higher when soil water depth was maintained at 35-75 cm than that at > 75 cm, it was 7-10% and 36-60% higher in 2014 and 2015, respectively. There were no significant effects of steel sludge application on FFB yield, but there was improvement on average bunch weight.

PENGGUNAAN SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DALAM PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN PADA BETON BERSERAT Henny Lydiasari; Ari Yusman Manalu; Rahmi Karolina
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 3 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

The potency of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibers as one of the by-products of processing oil palm is increasing significantly so that proper management is needed in reducing environmental impact. One of the utilization of OPEFB fibers is as a substitution material in construction which usually the material is derived from non-renewable mining materials so that the number is increasingly limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study to know the performance of OPEFB fiber in making construction products especially concrete. In this case, the experiment was conducted using experimental method with variation of fiber addition by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Each specimen was tested by weight, slump value, compressive strength, tensile strength, elasticity and crack length. As the results, the variation of fibers addition by 10%, decrease of slump value is 7%, concrete weight is 3% and crack length is 8% while increase of the compressive strength is 2.7% and the modulus of elasticity is 33.3% but its tensile strength decreased insignificantly by 0.05% . Furthermore, the addition of fibers above 10% to 30% decreased compressive strength is still below 10% and tensile strength below 2% while the weight of concrete, slump value and crack length decreased. Therefore, the addition of 10% can replace the performance of concrete without fiber but the addition of above 10% can still be used on non-structural concrete.

ANALISIS KESIAPAN PETANI DAN KOPERASI DALAM PROGRAM PEREMAJAAN PERKEBUNAN RAKYAT KELAPA SAWIT (Studi Kasus Petani Lingkup Ophir, Kab. Pasaman Barat, Provinsi Sumatra Barat) Amalia, Rizki; Nurkhoiry, Ratnawati; Nasution, Zulfi Prima Sani; Kurniawan, Ambar
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 25 No 3 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

The study of replanting models for smallholding oil palm plantation analysis is focus on smallholders and cooperatives' readiness assessment involves in replanting and business development program. The research objects are four oil palm plantantion cooperatives (KPS) in Ophir, West Pasam: KPS Perintis, KPS Indah, KPS Maju and KPS Makmur. Smallholders readiness in replanting and business development program was assessed through three criterias, which are ability to repay of debt, good faith to join community, and cooperative capacity. The results showed that smallholders in KPS Ophir are basically ready and feasible in obtaining financing and follow the oil palm replanting program, but access to financing and regulations that requires avalis become constrains for the smallholders.

PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KERAGAAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Fandi Hidayat; Suroso Rahutomo; Rana Farrasati; Iput Pradiko; Muhdan Syarovy; Edy Sigit Sutarta; Wiwik Eko Widayati
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 26 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Endophyte bacteria are microorganisms that live within plant tissue, harmless to the host plants, and usually contribute to plant health. Some of the endophytes are proved to be able to enhance plant growth by nitrogen fixation, phytohormones production such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and cytokines. This study aims to observe the influence of endophytic bacteria on the oil palm seedlings growth, nutrient absorption, and its potential on reducing the use of chemical fertilizer. The study was carried out in oil palm nursery at Aek Pancur substation since 3-monthsold until 9-monthsold. Treatments were arranged by using randomized completely block design (RCBD) with six treatments and repeated four times. The treatments are: (1) control; (2) 100% chemical fertilizer (standard); (3) 25% of urea dosage + inoculation of endophyte bacteria (B1N25); (4) 50% of urea dosage + inoculation of endophyte bacteria (B1N50); (5) 75% of urea dosage + inoculation of endophyte bacteria (B1N75); and (6) 100% of urea dosage + inoculation of endophyte bacteria (B1N100). The result showed that B1N75 was the best treatment indicated by higher relative agronomy effectiveness (RAE) up to 5.5% compared to standard. On the other hand, its growth and biomass production were also equal to standard treatment. It means that application of endophyte bacteria could reduce the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) up to 25%.

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