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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
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Detection of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Melon Cultivar Meloni Based on SCAR Markers Muhammad Alif Ishak; Budi Setiadi Daryono
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i1.22198

Abstract

Powdery mildew is one of the diseases caused by fungal infections that can reduce the production of melon fruit worldwide including in Indonesia. A powdery mildew-resistant cultivar of melon is needed to increase melon yield crops. This study aimed to detect resistance gene linked to powdery mildew using a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The melon cultivar Meloni was used in this study. SL-3, PI 371795, and Aramis cultivar were used to compare. Amplification of the marker was performed employing a pair of primers. The result showed that Meloni had a powdery mildew resistance gene by the presence of a DNA target band at 1058 base pair (bp). Based on this result, it could be concluded that Meloni was an excellent melon cultivar because of its ability to overcome the powdery mildew infections naturally. SCAR markers have been used for various purposes, especially to detect resistance genes to plant diseases. The present study had provided information for plant breeders about Meloni as the new melon cultivar that was genetically resistant against powdery mildew infections. Furthermore, Meloni could be proposed as an alternative to native Indonesian superior melon seeds.
Home Range Estimation and Food Plants Preference of Presbytiscomata at Situ Patengan Nature Reserve Ana Widiana; R. Robbi Januari; Rizal Maulana Hasby; Astri Yuliawati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.13800

Abstract

Surili (Presbytis comata) is one of endemic primates of West Java whose existence is protected. The purpose of the research was to determine the estimated home range and the preferences of food plant of P. comata at Situ Patengan Nature Reserve, West Java. The home range was determined by the minimum convex polygon method by connecting the coordinates of the outermost entire outer area groups. Focal animal sampling and Ad-libitum methods were applied to obtain data of food preferences in details. The result showed that home range of several P. comata groupsat Situ Patengan Nature Reserve were varied. The home range of group A, B, C, and D were covering 3.52 Ha, 4.43 Ha, 3.76 Ha, and 3.14 Ha respectively, while the solitary individual has a  home range covering 2.64 Ha. There were 27 species from 16 families of plants that was directly consumed by P. comata. P. comata more often consumed Castanopsis javanica (10.07%), C. argentea (9.35%), C. tungurut (7.91%), Sloneasigun (7.91%), and Quercus sp (7.19%). This data can be useful as a reference in P. Comata population and habitat management especially in the area of Situ Patengan.
Populasi dan Pola Sebaran Burung di Hutan Wanawisata Galunggung, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat W. Widodo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2932

Abstract

Gunung Galunggung ketika erupsi tahun 1982 sebagian besar flora dan fauna yang ada disekitarnya luluh lantak. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui populasi dan pola sebaran burung-burung yang terdapat di kawasan Galunggung periode pemulihan pasca 31 tahun meletus.Metode “point count jarak tidak tetap” digunakan dalam penelitian ini Gunung Galunggung telah ditetapkan sebagai kawasan Wanawisata Galunggung sejak tahun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membagi dalam 5 blok pengamatan. Sejumlah 80 titik penghitungan burung ditetapkan dalam 0,7222 km2 luasan area. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dijumpai 39 spesies burung dengan total 719 individu. Ada 10 spesies burung ditemukan dengan populasi tinggi, yaitu Cynniris jugularis (96,93 ind/km2), Lonchura leucogastroides (84,46 ind/km2), Orthotomus sutorius (70,61 ind/km2), Orthotomus cucullatus (62,30 ind/km2), Zosterops palpebrosus (67,85 ind/km2), Pycnonotus aurigaster (55,39 ind/km2), Brachypteryx leucophrys (41,54 ind/km2), Stachyris melanothorax (38,77 ind/km2), Streptopelia chinensis (30,46 ind/km2), dan Halcyon cyanoventris (26,30 ind/km2). Nilai indeks Morista sebesar 7,67, ini menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran dari sebagian besar burung di Wanawisata Galunggung adalah mengelompok. Secara spesifik tercatat 1 spesies burung sebaran terbatas (Stachyris melanothorax), 1 spesies burung migran (Motacilla cinerea), dan beberapa spesies burung endemik dan dilindungi. When the Galunggung mountain erupted in 1982, most of Galunggung’s flora and fauna were devastated severely. A research has been carried out to know about bird population and their dispersion patterns in the Galunggung Tourism Forest after 31 years of restoration phase. The research used “nonfixed distance Point Count” method and this research was conducted by dividing the observation area into 5 blocks. Eighty watchout points have been established in an area of 0.7222 km2. The study revealed 39 bird species with total of 719 individuals. Among them, 10 species had relatively high population, i.e. Cynniris jugularis (96.93 inds/km2), Lonchura leucogastroides (84.46 inds/km2), Orthotomus sutorius (70.61 inds/km2), Orthotomus cucullatus (62.30 inds/km2), Zosterops palpebrosus (67.85 inds/km2), Pycnonotus aurigaster (55.39 inds/km2), Brachypteryx leucophrys (41.54 inds/km2), Stachyris melanothorax (38.77 inds/km2), Streptopelia chinensis (30.46 inds/km2), and Halcyon cyanoventris (26.30 inds/km2). The Morisita index was 7.67, which indicates that some bird species flocked in groups. The range of Stachyris melanothorax was restricted, whereas Motacillacinerea is considered as migrant species, and others were endemics and protected birds.
Ecological Factors Determining Abundance of Parasitic Mites on Aedes spp. Larvae Nurhadi Eko Firmansyah; Susi Soviana; Bambang Heru Budianto
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.11458

Abstract

Ability to infestation and abundance of parasitic mites in Aedes spp. larvae cannot be separated from the influence of various factors. Ecological factors have been suggested to play a role determine the presence of parasitic mites that under certain conditions become a key factor in determining the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae. The aim of this study to determine the ecological factors affect the abundance of parasitic mites on Aedes spp. larvae in Bogor Regency. Capturing of Aedes spp. larvae was performed directly on the habitats found in indoor and outdoor. Capturing mites in the body of Aedes spp. larvae was performed using insect forceps. Ecological factors measured were dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, and total dissolved solid (TDS). The influence of ecological factors was analyzed using regression and correlation analysis. The result of mite identification has been obtained three species of mites that are Halacarus sp., Histiostoma sp., and Hydrozetes sp. The result indicated that total dissolved solid (TDS) and temperature was the factors that determined the abundance of mites. The factors of pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) did not determine the abundance of parasitic mites of Aedes spp. larvae. The research result can be further developed as a new alternative to Dengue Hemorraghic Fever control and provide information on parasitic mites that infest Aedes spp. larvae. In addition, this results become an early step in controlling of Aedes spp. strategy platform by the parasitic mites.
Effects of Compost Type and Rootstock Length on Fruit and Vegetable Seedlings Growth in the Nursery Dody Priadi; Enung Sri Mulyaningsih
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.7292

Abstract

The study was conducted to develop local fruit plants and to improve vegetable production at the Plant Germplasm Garden of RC for Biotechnology-LIPI. Carambola (Averrhoa carambola), durian (Durio zibethinus) and guava (Psidium guajava) were propagated vegetatively (grafting and budding) and were grown on the media containing grass compost (K-1), spent compost of paddy straw mushroom (K-2) or oyster mushroom (K-3) in combination with rootstock length of 45-55 cm (TB-1), 65-75 cm (TB-2) and 75-90 cm (TB-3). Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and kangkung (Ipomoea reptans) were grown on the same media in the screen house. The highest survival rate of grafted durian (71.56%) was obtained from TB-3 grown on K-1 by budding technique. Meanwhile, the highest survival rate of carambola (68.89%) was obtained from TB-1 by grafting technique. The budding technique was not appropriate for guava (0 % of survival). Application of K-3 of 3 kgs on tomato plants resulted in the highest fresh weight, length, and diameter of the fruit, and the highest of plant height, total leaves, and biomass of kangkung. The study is expected to be applied to improve fruit plant growth and survival rate as well as a high production of organic vegetable.How to CitePriadi, D., Mulyaningsih, E. S. (2016). Effects of Compost Type and Rootstock Length on Fruit and Vegetable Seedlings Growth  in the Nursery. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology Biology Education, 8(3), 301-307. 
Biochemical and Histopathology Analysis of Liver Damage in Hypercholesterolemic Rats Induced by Tomato Extract Retno Sri Iswari; Muchamad Dafip; Muhammad Rifa'i
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.23337

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition caused by high cholesterol consumption. Tomatoes is well known has cholesterol-lowering effects. However, high consumption of tomato shall be concerned especially prooxidant potential that may damage the organ, especially in liver. This study aims to understand the effect of hypercholesterolemic and tomato administration to the rat’s liver, which is monitored using aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and histological condition. A total 24 of 12-weeks-old male-rats divided into 4 groups, equally. The K1 as normal group consist of placebo-treatment rats; K2 group as hypercholesterolemia group induced with high-cholesterol diet and 2 ml of cholesterol; K3 group was hypercholesterolemia rats treated with 20 mg of atorvastatin; and the last is K4 group was cholesterol rats supplemented with 16 mg/ day of tomato extract. All samples were treated for 60 days. The highest levels of AST and ALT level was 76.39 U/L and 45.40 U/L, respectively, was found in K2. Then, K4 is not significantly different from K3 and K1 and significantly different from K2. The scoring results showed that all groups experienced damage in the form of parenchymal degeneration, fat degeneration and necrosis. From this study it can be concluded that tomato extract gives a protection to the liver from cholesterol-oxidation damage effect. The updating information about how tomato inhibite liver fattening. The liver condition probably can be considered as biomarker-related hypercholesterolemia and developed a diagnostic marker to prevent increases metabolic disorder in community.
Optimasi Jenis dan Konsentrasi ZPT dalam Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Regenerasi menjadi Planlet pada Carica pubescens (Lenne & K.Koch) Nika Sari; Enni Suwarsi R; Sumadi -
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.3785

Abstract

Carica pubescens (Lenne K. Koch) Badillo atau Vasconcellea pubescens, di Indonesia hanya ditemukan di daerah pegunungan Dieng dan Bali. Kultur jaringan merupakan teknik perbanyakan yang efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi ZPT terhadap induksi kalus embriogenik pada media ½ MS pada C. Pubescens. Penelitian pertama (induksi) merupakan percobaan 2 faktor yang disusun menggunakan rancangan acak petak tersarang (Split block Design) dengan 4 ulangan. Penelitian kedua (regenerasi kalus) merupakan percobaan satu arah yang disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 ulangan. Analisis menggunakan ANAVA dan uji lanjut BNT dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi kalus embriogenik dari eksplan jaringan daun paling tinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan ZPT 2,4-D 3 mg/l + TDZ 1 mg/l yang ditambahkan pada media ½ MS, menghasilkan persentase kalus dan berat kalus yang paling tinggi. Untuk regenerasi jenis ZPT BAP dengan konsentrasi 4 mg/l dalam media MS arang aktif yang mengandung NAA 0,2 mg/l, menghasilkan persentase pembentukan kalus menjadi tunas dan jumlah kalus yang membentuk tunas dengan hasil yang optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan untuk menginduksi kalus embriogenik menggunakan kombinasi ZPT 2,4-D dan thidiazuron, sedangkan untuk regenerasinya menggunakan ZPT BAP dan NAA.In Indonesia, Carica pubescens (Lenne K. Koch) Badillo and Vasconcellea pubescens only found in mountainous areas in Dieng and Bali. Tissue culture is an efficient propagation technique. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of the type and concentration of plant growth regulator on embryogenic callus induction on ½ MS medium in C. Pubescens. The first study (induction) was a two factor experiment were prepared using a nested plot randomized complete block design (Split block design) with 4 replications. The second study (callus regeneration) is a one-way experiment which prepared using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Data were analyzed using ANAVA and LSD to further test error level of 5%. The results showed that the induction of embryogenic callus from leaf tissue explants obtained at the highest 2,4-D treatment PGR 3 mg/l+TDZ 1 mg/l were added to the media ½ MS, produce weight percentage of callus and callus highest. For regeneration of PGR BAP with a concentration of 4 mg/l in MS medium containing activated charcoal NAA 0.2 mg/l, a greater percentage of callus formation into buds and the number of callus forming buds with optimal results. Based on the research results, it suggested to induce embryogenic callus using PGR combination with 2,4-D and thidiazuron, while for regeneration was suggested to use PGR BAP and NAA.
Raw Secondary Metabolites of Chitosan-enriched Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 to Control Corn Sheath Blight Loekas Soesanto; Clarissa Nadya Pradiptha; Endang Mugiastuti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 13, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.28775

Abstract

Corn is a strategic cereal with economic value and always face the corn sheath blight in the field. An alternative safely and environmentally friendly disease control is the use of biological agent Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 that produced raw secondary metabolites. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of chitosan enriched P. fluorescens P60 raw secondary metabolites against leaf blight and to determine the effect on the growth of maize. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection and Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. In vitro test used a completely randomized design and in planta test used a randomized block design consisted of four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of control and the secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 enriched with chitosan 1, 2, and 3%. Variables observed were inhibition ability, chitinase and protease analysis qualitatively, incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, AUDPC, crop height, crop fresh weight, and root fresh weight. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 enriched with chitosan 3% was effective in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani as 63.3%, produced chitinase and protease, and could control the disease by delaying the incubation period as 79.05%, lowering the disease intensity as 68.68%, lowering the infection rate as 100%, and lowering AUDPC as 83.32%. The secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 enriched with chitosan 3% was effective in improving plant growth by increasing plant fresh weight as 33.9% and root fresh weight as 43.09% compared to control. Chitosan could be used for improving effectiveness of antagonistic bacteria raw secondary metabolites. The raw secondary metabolites of bacterial antagonists could be improved their effectiveness against plant diseases by enrichment of chitosan.
Isolation and Identification of Actinomycetes Associated with Moss on the Surface of the Borobudur Temple Stone Ade Lia Putri; Debora Christin Purbani; Atit Kanti; Mia Kusmiati; Moh Habibi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i1.20334

Abstract

Mosses growing on the surface of the Borobudur Temple will affect the aesthetic value of the temple. Interaction between moss and actinomycetes may trigger the growth of moss that can cause an increase in biodeterioration of stone. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the actinomycetes associated with moss on the surface of decayed stone of Borobudur Temple as well to assess their ability for phosphate solubilizing. Actinomycetes were isolated using serial dilution method and were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. A total of 37 actinomycetes were isolated from three sampling sites. The isolates found belong to five genera (Gordonia, Microbacterium, Micromonospora, Nocardia, and Streptomyces) and distributed among four families (Microbacteriaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Nocardiaceae, and Streptomycetaceae). Isolates of actinomycetes composed of 19 Streptomyces Group and 18 Rare Actinomycetes Group. Nineteen isolates (51.35%) were identified as genus Streptomyces. Seventeen isolates (45.94%) showed abilities to release soluble phosphate and most of the isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces. The isolates have been collected will be deposited to Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC) to enrich the collection of actinomycetes from ancient stone in Indonesia and will be used as a source of reference material research, taxonomic, or as source for further study.
Growth and Survival Evaluation of Oreochromis Sp fed Hermetia illucens Larva and Manihot esculenta leaves Meal Nur Aini; Rudy Agung Nugroho; Nova Hariani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.15278

Abstract

This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary substitution of fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFM) and Manihot esculenta leaves meal (MEM) on the growth and feed efficiency of Oreochromis sp. Four concentrations viz: P1 (25%): 50g BSFM and 25g MEM, P2 (50%): 100g BSFM and 50g MEM, P3 (75%): 150g BSFM and 75g MEM, P4 (100%): 200g BSFM and 100g MEM were prepared and tested against control without FM replacement. Each diet was fed to three replicates groups of fish at a rate of 5% of body weight two times per day for 30 days. At the end of the trial, growth parameters, Feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE) were evaluated. The results showed that fish fed dietary substitution of FM with combination ratio of BSFM and MEM higher than 50% significantly improved all growth parameters, FCR and FE. It is therefore suggested that the partial (higher than 50%) or total replacement of fish meal with combination of BSFM and MEM in the diet of Oreochromis sp can be used as fish meal substitution to obtain better growth and feed efficiency.

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