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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 25277332     EISSN : 26140020     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
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Articles 207 Documents
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Adverse Reaction Monitoring following Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Immunization among Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India Suraj B. Panchal; Latha Shivanand; Rakesh Navale; Somashekara S. Chikkannasetty; Amrutha D. Torvi; Rameez Ahmed; Satish Ghatage
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i3.38415

Abstract

With the unprecedented and devastating impact of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic on public health, high coverage of safe and efficacious vaccines against COVID-19 disease could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in India vaccination strategy against COVID-19 was implemented to overcome this catastrophe as early as January 2021. Considering the novelty in adverse events and the dearth of research studies about the adverse event following immunization (AEFI) associated with COVID-19 vaccine, the present study aimed to determine the incidence and types of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs). It was a prospective, observational study conducted among the HCWs of a tertiary care hospital who received the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine between January-March 2021. Systemic and local adverse events experienced up to the first 24 hours of vaccination were surveyed using Google Forms. Of the total 1045 HCWs who were vaccinated, 666 HCWs responded completely to the Google form. The majority (79.3%) of the participants were 18-30 years old. The most commonly reported AEFI were pain at the injection site (68.8%), fatigue (40.1%), myalgia (35.4), and malaise (35.0%). Among the systemic adverse events, the incidence of fatigue, and local adverse events, the pain at the injection site was considerably greater in the 18-30 years age group than in the other HCWs group (P < 0.001). The severity of most AEFI was mild-to-moderate in nature. Hence, this study concludes that AEFI associated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine after a single dose was safe and tolerable. The maximum number of participants accepted AEFI because minor reactions would be common and treatable
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about the Rational Use of Medicines among Junior Residents in a Tertiary Hare hospital in India Sakshi Singh; Arvind K. Yadav; Meenu Pichholiya; Sandeep K. Kamlekar; Sangita Gupta
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i3.38647

Abstract

Rational use of medicine is an integral part of the health care system, which has become the weakest part due to various contributors like prescribers, producers, controllers, and consumers that have led to irrationality and increased the patient’s socio-economic burden. This study aimed to assess junior residents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of rational medicine of medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology at the tertiary care teaching hospital in Rajasthan, India, for a period of six months, from February 2021 to June 2021. All first- and second-year hospital residents, except those unwilling to participate, were included in the study. The first part of the questionnaire was about knowledge, and the second part was about the attitude and practice of junior residents regarding the rational use of medicines. The data was presented in the form of figures and percentages. Most residents (98%) were aware of the term rationality and rational use of medicines. Maximum numbers of residents (97%) were aware of the term essential medicines. The residents who were aware of drugs included in the National Essential of Medicine and term P-drug were 55% and 69%, respectively. Nearly 21% of residents prescribe drugs by generic names, while the majority (65%) prescribe both generic and brand names. Almost all (98%) of residents agreed that regular training is needed about the rational use of medicines to improve rational prescribing and 89% of residents think regular prescription auditing should be done. This study concludes that most residents were aware of the rational use of medicines, essential medicines, and the P drug concept. But they should receive regular training on the rational use of medications. This will prevent serious problems related to the inappropriate prescribing of medicines during their medical practice.
Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Lipid-based Amphotericin B Gel 0.1% in Patients with Cutaneous Mycosis Resistant to Conventional Therapy Mamatha Kamarthi; Raghav M V; Laxminarayana Kamath; Revathi T N
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i3.38892

Abstract

The last few years have seen a significant rise in the incidence of cutaneous mycosis infections resistant to conventional therapy. Topical nanostructured lipid formulations of Amphotericin B have emerged as a novel system to tackle this menace. The present study is an open-label, single-arm, prospective study to analyze the efficacy and safety of topical nanostructured lipid-based Amphotericin B gel in treating patients attending Dermatology OPD, Victoria hospital, with cutaneous mycosis resistant to conventional therapy. Thirty patients diagnosed with tinea corporis/cruris resistant to conventional therapy were included in the study.  Patients were advised to apply amphotericin B gel 0.1% on the affected area twice daily for four weeks. Outcome parameters like pruritus, erythema, vesicles, desquamation, and KOH mount were noted weekly for the assessment of efficacy and safety.  One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. After treatment with Amphotericin B gel, patients showed a statistically significant reduction in pruritus, erythema, vesicles, and desquamation from baseline across time towards the end of 4 weeks (p<0.05).  Also, the Mean total score of all symptoms, which was 8.3±3.1 at baseline, was reduced to 0.9±0.7 at the end of the 4th week (p<0.05). All the patients treated were mycologically negative for KOH mount at the end of the study period. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported to treatment. To conclude, topical nanostructured lipid-based amphotericin B gel in patients with cutaneous mycosis resistant to conventional treatment was efficacious and safe.
Prebiotic Activity of Pectin from Ambon Lumut Banana (Musa acuminata AAA) Peel Bertha Rusdi; Onoy Rohaeni; Miski A. Khairinisa; Umi Yuniarni
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i3.41598

Abstract

Banana peel is an agricultural waste that contains pectin. Ambon lumut banana (Musa acuminata AAA) is often consumed in Indonesia, but its peel is rarely utilized thus the availability of Ambon lumut banana peel in Indonesia is high. Pectin selectively increases beneficial gut bacteria, and this is commonly known as prebiotic. This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic activity of Ambon lumut banana peel by observing the growth of a beneficial gut bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and pathogen enteric bacteria, Escherichia coli, in media (MRSB) enriched with the pectin. The result showed that 1% of Ambon lumut banana peel pectin significantly increased the number of L. acidophilus and decreased the number of E. coli compared to bacteria culture without carbon source (glucose-free MRSB) and bacteria culture with glucose as carbon source. The prebiotic index of Ambon lumut banana peel pectin was 0.53. In addition to that, the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) which is beneficial metabolite of L. acidophilus for human health was also measured using HPLC.  The HPLC analysis results showed that L. acidophilus culture enriched with pectin contains SCFA, including acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid at the concentration of 10.22 µg/mL, 5.38 µg/mL and 0.55 µg/mL respectively.
Correlation of Polypharmacy and Comorbidity with NIHSS Status in Ischemic Stroke Patient Wardhani, Firdha A.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i1.38919

Abstract

Drug-related problems are a common problem among stroke patients due to comorbidities resulting from the complex management of stroke treatment leading to polypharmacy management. Studies show that 90% of stroke patients have drug-related problems (DRPs). However, there is limited information on the impact of comorbidities as risk factors for DRP prevalence and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for DRP and clinical outcomes as modifiable comorbidities in ischemic stroke patients admitted to a tertiary hospital between January 2020 and October 2021 were indeed significant influences. The study was conducted retrospectively using a cross-sectional analysis of patient’s medical records. The study found no significant association between the presence of comorbidities and polypharmacy in patients with the incidence of DRP, although we found that the DRPs occurrence was found more in a patient with comorbidities and polypharmacy. Diabetes mellitus was found to have a significant association with no improvement in NIHSS scores in ischemic stroke patients. We found that diabetes mellitus patient had an increased risk of non-improvement NIHSS score 2,987 times compared to patients without diabetes mellitus. The second increased risk was the presence of comorbid hypertension (OR 1.352), the third was the occurrence of polypharmacy (OR 1,175), and the fourth was dyslipidemia (OR 1.138).
Benefits of probiotics in Autism Spectrum Disorders : A meta-analysis of RCTs Sharanabasayyaswamy B. Hiremath; Srinivas L. Devendrappa
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i1.40063

Abstract

Using probiotics as a pharmaceutical intervention is based on the fact that dysbiosis affects many people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study aimed to quantify various probiotics’ overall and individualized benefits in treating ASD. Randomized or cross-over trials comparing the efficacy of placebo or active control vs. probiotics in patients of any age diagnosed with ASD based on DSM IV/V criteria were considered under inclusion criteria.  An electronic database search in PUBMED and Cochrane Library was conducted using MeSH search terms “probiotics” AND “Autism.”  Mean change in the total score of clinical parameters used to assess ASD symptom severity was the primary outcome measure analyzed. All the outcome measures were estimated by calculating the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) values and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), considering the different clinical parameters used to assess the change in ASD symptoms in identified clinical trials. An insignificant decrease in the total score value of primary outcome measure by -0.14 (SMD: 0.14, 95% CI:-0.45 to 0.17) in patients treated with probiotics was observed. The quantity of decrease remained insignificant in subgroup analyses also. Observed insignificant clinical benefits of probiotics in ASD patients could be due to the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms as co-morbidity. We hypothesize that intolerance to dietary components is responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation. Perhaps probiotics are still beneficial in ASD patients without gastrointestinal symptoms, while their combination with prebiotics is effective in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. 
Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Medical Interns regarding Contraception in a Tertiary Care Centre Usha NS; Sabari Anandh J V; Afzal Khan A K; Swapna R Nayaka
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i1.39227

Abstract

Maternal mortality is one of the significant burdens requiring appropriate measures including family planning methods to control post-partum morbidity and mortality. The early age of marriage among women is accompanied by early pregnancies also contributes to maternal mortality. Knowledge about contraceptive usage could prevent such incidences.  This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding contraceptives among medical interns in our college. This cross-sectional questionnaire study was done on 60 house surgeons (interns), at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, using a validated questionnaire that consisted of 22 questions including MCQs and case scenarios to assess their knowledge, perception, and attitude about contraceptive methods. Data were analyzed in the form of percentages. Among 60 interns, 36 were females and the majority of students were from urban backgrounds. About 73.3% of interns had adequate knowledge about various contraceptive methods and their usage. The interns have a perception that illiteracy, lack of awareness and social, and religious values are major hurdles for contraceptive usage and have an attitude that doctors are most suitable to give information regarding contraceptive methods. Considering medical interns as future physicians and their responsible role in counseling about contraceptive usage in effective family planning, they need to have a positive attitude with fair knowledge and perception about the contraceptive methods which can be achieved by educating them early in their academic carrier.    
Prescribing Pattern of Antifungal Drugs in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Western India Parth B. Patel; Akanksha Prajapati; Sumit Patel; Vipul Chaudhary; Vasu Rathod
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i1.39238

Abstract

Fungal infections are prevalent in a tropical country like India. Pharmacotherapy of fungal disease has been revolutionized by the introduction of relatively less toxic oral drugs, com- bination therapy, and new formulations of older agents. However, data regarding antifungal drug usage patterns in India must be more present. Hence, this study was planned to study the prescribing pattern and to compare the cost of antifungal drugs in patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. It was a cross-sectional, observational study carried out at GCS Hospital, Ahmedabad, from April 2021 to Sept 2021. Prescriptions of 130 patients were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2013. A total of 213 antifungal drugs were prescribed to 130 patients. Most patients, 81 (62.3%) were from the 18-40 age group. Combined antifungal treatment (Oral + Topical) was prescribed in 77(59.2%). The most common class of antifungal drugs was imidazole 107 (50.23%), and clotrimazole was the most familiar drug. The most common indication for antifungal therapy was tinea cruris (45.38%). An average of 3.75 drugs were prescribed per prescription, of which 1.63 were antifungal drugs. Combined treatment of oral and topical antifungal drugs was common in dermatological practice. However, the cost of the treatment can be reduced by prescribing generic drugs.
A Study on the Occurrence of Hand Dermatitis in Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic due to Enhanced Hand Hygiene Abhishree BS; Kavitha R; Geetha A
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i1.38851

Abstract

Hand hygiene measures have increased in the general population and amongst the health care workers since the outbreak of the pandemic. However, enhanced hand hygiene can have an adverse effect on the skin barrier leading to the development of hand dermatitis. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of occupational-related contact dermatitis among the health care workers. An observational, questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 amongst HCWs of a tertiary care hospital. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel for Windows. The frequency of hand washing had increased to > 5 times in 42% of the HCWs while hand sanitizer usage had increased to >5 times in 95% of them during the pandemic. The duration of glove usage had increased from 3% pre-pandemic to 91 % during the pandemic and majority of them used latex gloves. Symptoms of hand dermatitis in HCWs had increased from 3% pre-pandemic to 84% during the pandemic. Less than 10 % of the study participants moisturised their hands after sanitization. The fact that over 84% of the HCWs developing HD during the pandemic can be attributed to preventive measures to reduce the transmission of the virus. Measures such as use of moisturizers should be recommended to prevent the onset of occupational hand eczema. It is thus imperative to raise awareness of HD in India and intensive measures should be provided.
Impact of Antidepressant Treatment on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Depression - A Cross Sectional Study Raghav M V; Geetha A; Praveen Panchaksharimath; Nivetha Raj
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i1.39623

Abstract

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive index of cardiac autonomic regulation. HRV is reduced in depression, which indicates decreased Autonomic Nervous System flexibility. It is associated with an increase in the frequency of cardiac co-morbidities. Depression medications usually take six months for complete remission, but no data on patients on antidepressants for more than six months. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine if anti-depressants have a better impact on HRV. The current study focused on analyzing the correction of HRV parameters after six months of antidepressant therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2021 at the AFT lab inpatients. They were recruited from the Psychiatry department, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The sample size was calculated to be 40 (20 Patients and 20 Healthy controls). AFT was done on all participants using Power Lab equipment and analyzed using Lab Chart 8 software. Heart rate variability parameters (AFT results) were analyzed using statistical software. The results with a p-value of >0.05% were considered statistically significant and taken up for the study. 55% of the patients with depression in our study were in the age group of 18-25 years, and the mean Ham-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) score was found to be 9.8.  There is a reduction in autonomic function flexibility among patients who are on antidepressants when compared to healthy controls, even after six months of treatment. No conclusion could arrive on the class of antidepressant which was more beneficial owing to its effect on autonomic functions. Hence, randomized controlled studies comparing various classes of antidepressants to assess efficacy in reducing autonomic complications of depression should be taken up

Page 15 of 21 | Total Record : 207

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