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Urban Dealing with Pandemic: Comparative Responses on Spanish Flu and the Covid-19 Era in Indonesia Pulung Sumantri; Ahmad Muhajir; Taslim Batubara
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i1.14015

This article compares how the Indonesian, specifically the urban people respond to the pandemic during the history. In 1918, Indonesia, formerly known as the Dutch East Indies, witnessed a pandemic of the Spanish Flu that killed thousands of lives. A century later, Indonesia is once again experienced with the lethal Covid-19 pandemic. The emphasized responses are specific on countermeasures and vaccination programs during the Spanish Flu 1918 and Covid-19 pandemics. The primary source of this research is the archive of annual reports (Kolonial Verslag) Dutch East Indies government 1920 and a report from the Dutch East Indies Civil Health Service (Burgerlijken Geneeskujdigen Dienst), as well as supported by newspapers such as: Sin Po, Oetoesan Hindia, Pewarta Soerabaia, Tjhoen Tjhioe,Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, and Andalas. This article also aims at understanding how the Indonesian people are handling pandemics, both the Spanish Flu and the Covid-19 pandemics. The action taken by the government in tackling the Spanish flu and Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is to issue regulations to reduce activities in the public domain. This regulation has proven successful in reducing the spread of the Spanish flu pandemic in the past and Covid-19 in the present. This research found that Indonesian urban in the past and today have similar points of view, the irrational views and rational views, this is proofed from the emergence of unique, local-rational, and uncontrollable news and rumours because of the amplification of news about the outbreak. The difference is that in the past, religious responses were expressly confronted with the news but in the present, it is more moderate and open to cooperating with programs from the government. The spectrum from the news of the past outbreaks is not as large as that of the present. Mass media with information technology to social media are further expanding the spectrum from outbreak news to produce more powerful amplifications. It also affects the polarization of the masses that respond rationally and irrationally to the outbreak.

The Ikat Weaving Industry in Kediri: Characteristics and Strategies for Development, 1966-2014 Feri Sofiantoro; Endang Susilowati; Alamsyah Alamsyah
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i1.12316

This article analyses the developments and strategies experienced by the ikat weaver in Kediri, especially in the Village Bandar Kidul, District Mojoroto. This study used the critical history method. It emphasizes primary sources in the form of written sources from newspapers and the oral history method. According to the result, ikat weaving in Bandar Kidul began to develop when a Chinese resident, Freddy Jie, in the 1950s opened the ikat weaving business which affects the livelihoods of the residents of Bandar Kidul. They have depended on one sector of livelihood and the industry has begun to grow. Due to its motifs and production tools, the ikat production from the village of Bandar Kidul has a good and potential market demand. However, the monetary crisis in 1997-1998 hit the industry and began to down. From the end of the 1970s to the late 1990s, the Bandar Kidul ikat craft began to experience a downturn due to being unable to compete with factory-made woven fabrics and the absence of successor regeneration after most of the business’ founders died. However, entering the mid-2000s, the future of the ikat industry was bright because the local government intervened in the industry. Some pieces of training had been held to improve the capabilities of the ikat weaver under dominated by modern equipment.

Historic Sites during the World War II in South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi as a Source of Historiography Syahrun Syahrun; Rahmat Sewa Suraya; Sandy Suseno
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i1.13589

The World War II in Indonesian territory at that time involved the Imperial Japanese Army against the military from the allies and was known later as “Theater of Pacific”. The massive military activities that took place in Indonesian territory during the World War II definitely left a lot of and varied material evidences. However, in fact, many of the material evidences from the World War II have been forgotten due to its dilapidated condition. One of the military operational areas where many evidences of the World War II can be found is South Konawe, precisely at Kendari II Airfield Site, which is now known as HLO Airfield (Halu Oleo Airfield). This research utilized archives and aerial photographs during the World War II combined with direct observation at the site and reconstruction efforts using excavated data. Based on the findings, it reveals the existence of the World War II remains at Kendari II Airfield area. It is also known that the condition of the most massive findings is located in the Japanese military administration and maintenance area during the World War II at Kendari II Airfield area. These remains can certainly be a source of historical writing of the Japanese Government Era in South Konawe.

Ideology and Political Orientation of Intellectuals from Koto Gadang 1930-1950: A Prosopography Nazra Cahyani Endah Regita; Herwandi Herwandi; Nopriyasman Nopriyasman
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i2.15899

Koto Gadang is a traditional village in Minangkabau, which has produced many Indonesian political figures in the period before and during the early days of Indonesian independence. Koto Gadang scholar is an intellectual figure in Indonesian politics in various schools of thought. This study analyses the thoughts of the intellectuals from Koto Gadang; Yahya Datuk Kayo, Agus Salim, Rohana Kudus, Chalid Salim, and Sutan Syahrir; in Indonesian politics 1930-1950. The study shows that the variety of researchers' viewpoints is impacted by family, social, and instructive natural elements, inside and outside Koto Gadang. Yahya Datuk Kayo in the Koto Gadang environment built his region from various aspects, one of which was marked by the construction of Studiefonds [intellectualship foundations]. Rohana Kudus advances the ladies of Koto Gadang through the woman' abilities school, called Keradjinan Amai Setia. Agus Salim's considerations on Islam and his patriotism about the goals of an autonomous Indonesia. Chalid Salim's writings criticizing the colonial government led to him being arrested and imprisoned, in his actions to defend the workers. Sutan Syahrir grew up outside Koto Gadang, his nationalism was under the influence of socialism through the popular revolution he carried out.

From Komedie Stambul to Toneel: Theatre Arts Development in Batavia, 1891-1942 Khairana Zata Nugroho; Dhanang Respati Puguh
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i2.16023

Performing arts became a popular entertainment form among groups in the colonial era. People who enjoy performing arts were always craving for something new, and in turn, performing troupes were trying to create new innovations for their performances. In the late 19th century, a theatre group Komedie Stamboel was established in Surabaya. This group soon became popular because their uniqueness: the hybridity of their dramaturgies and stories which combined the West and East aspects. Their popularity resulted in a tour across Java, one of tour destinations was Batavia. When they were in Batavia, many of Komedie Stamboel’s performances were influenced by Indische culture and Indo people. By implementing the historical method, this article find the role of the Indo people and the influence of the Indische culture in Batavia’s development of theatre arts. The increasing popularity of Komedie Stamboel resulted in imitators, both professional and amateur, with the majority of their performers consisted of Indo [hybrid] and Pribumi [local; indigenous]. Komedie Stamboel also developed into a theatrical genre known as komedie stambul. In the 20th century, a theatre form known as Toneel Melajoe emerged as a continuity of the Komedie Stambul with new additions. Other theatrical genre known as Indische Toneel, a colonial theatre created by playwrights of Dutch totok and Indo descent that often held in theatres in Batavia. They had komedie stambul influences and Indische culture references on them.

Colonialism and Climate Crisis: The Root of Environmental Changes and the Rise of Environmental Awareness in Indonesia Devi Itawan
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i2.16037

This article explores the roots of environmental changes in the history of the Dutch colonization of Indonesia. It analyzed how the Dutch colonial exploitation, which was based on trade capitalism and later industrial capitalism, drove the re-organization of nature and integrated it into the world market system. As a result, it brought about systematic and structural deforestation, transforming the landscape of many parts of Indonesia. However, the state of deforestation raised concerns about environmental degradation as it is entangled with the importance of sustainability in extracting natural resources. From that point, the colonial environmental awareness paradigm was embarking. This article shows how the Dutch colonization and exploitation system directly led to significant environmental changes accumulated in the current climate crisis. Nevertheless, on the other hand, it also drove environmental awareness.

Language Plurality as Cultural Characteristics of Southeast Asia: A Review of John F. Hartman’s Thesis Agus Suwignyo
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i2.16937

John F. Hartmann (1986) argued that the spread of the Indic languages in Southeast Asia took place in different overlapping periods, through which the region underwent a process of indinization. Hartmann’s thesis is very important to help understand the making of cultural networks in Southeast Asia. However, the scope of his thesis was limited by its sole focus on the Indic languages, on the mainland Southeast Asia, and on the early historic period of the region. Taking Hartmann’s thesis as a starting point, the present paper examined the spread of languages in Southeast Asia as a cultural network. By using a comparative bibliography method and by analyzing existing studies on the pre-historic and the historic stages of language development in Southeast Asia, this paper argues that the indinization as suggested by Hartmann comprised only the first phase in the overall making of the language-based cultural network in Southeast Asia. Bibliographical sources show that the language-based cultural network in Southeast Asia involved at least three other periods in addition to indinization, that is chinaization, arabization, and europeanization. In Southeast Asia, the spread of the cultural network depended not so much on a lingua franca – a language of unity – as on the plurality of languages. The successive phases in the spread of different civilizations created a Southeast Asian plural society, in which various linguistic branches molded as one of the most remarkable cultural notions of the region. Hence, the idea to have one regional language of integration, for example in the current context of ASEAN, contradicted against the cultural history of Southeast Asia. It is because Southeast Asia has become integrated through a pluralization, not unification, of languages.

Venereal Diseases Treatment for Merauke’s Marind (Marind-Anim) Tribe in the Dutch Colonial Period Rosmaida Sinaga; Hafnita Sari Dewi Lubis; Yushar Tanjung; Lister Eva Simangunsong
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i2.16428

This article provides some proofs that influenced the increasing number ofMarind-Anim people who suffering from venereal diseases. It also providesfactual efforts that had been done by the colonial government as well as Catholicmissionaries in Merauke to overcome this problem. This study applies historicalmethods with four stages: heuristics, verification (internal and external criticism),interpretation/explanation and historiography. Primary sources obtained fromNational Archives of the Republic of Indonesia i.e., Memorie van Overgave van hetBestuur over de Afdeeling Zuid Nieuw Guinea; letter of the Minister of Colonies to theGovernor General of the Dutch East Indies; Report of Assistant Resident ZuidAfdeeling Nieuw Guinea to the Director of Government; and official printed sources,e.g., Volkstelling 1930. Michel Foucault's power relations theory is used to analyzethe causes of venereal disease in the Marind Tribe. The results shows that the causeof the increasing number patients who had venereal disease in the Marind tribe,Merauke, was related to their traditional understanding which legalized free sexand deviant sexual activities in the Marind tribe. The imbalanced power relationsbetween men and their wives and between men and adolescence men causingvenereal diseases and sexual perversions in the Marind Tribe. The strategyimplemented by the colonial government was to involve Catholic missionarieswho were trusted to overcome the disease by building a housing model that canonly be occupied by nuclear families who are not infected with venereal diseases.The colonial government demolished men’s houses because there werepossibilities of homosexual intercourses which become one of the causes ofvenereal disease among the Marind Tribe. In addition, the government requiredthe cenderawasih bird hunterers to have their genital health checked as a huntingpermit. The government built hospitals and clinics and invented doctors whospecialize in venereal disease to treat the patients. These strategies has succeededin treating and eradicating venereal diseases among the Marind Tribe.

Remnants of the Dutch Infrastructure in Banda Aceh During the Independence Revolution Muhjam Kamza; Farhan Fadillah; M Yusrizal
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i2.14412

The feud between the Dutch and Indonesia again peaked after Indonesiaproclaimed independence on August 17, 1945. War broke out in almost everyregion in Indonesia, Aceh was one of them. The basis of the hatred of the Acehnesetowards the Dutch which grew under the spirit of jihad fisabilillah [war in the wayof Allah] made the Veranda of Mecca was never negligent in opposing the Dutchcompany. Uniquely, the prolonged war that erupted in Aceh did not affect theDutch heritage buildings in Banda Aceh as the epicenter of the resistance. Thisstudy examines the function of the infrastructure of the Dutch colonial remains inBanda Aceh during the Indonesian Independence Revolution. The historicalresearch method is emphasized on utilizing primary sources in the form essayscompiled by historical actors and witnesses who lived during the independencerevolution, as well as Dutch documents in the form of photographs and maps.According to the result, the Dutch heritage infrastructure in Banda Aceh duringthe independence revolution did not find any damage caused by war and wasused for various revolutionary purposes. These buildings are generally used asthe initial function and some of them are used according to the revolutionary war.However, the practice of vandalism in the form of crossing out and pastinginformation dissemination stickers often took place in the buildings at that time.

Soara Batak: The Batak People's Resistance Newspaper in the Colonial Period (1919-1932) Ichwan Azhari
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v6i2.15173

Newspapers have a very important position in the politics of the Indonesian independence movement. Soara Batak is the first independence movement newspaper published in Batakland. This newspaper became a medium of information and communication, for the political organization Hatopan Kristen Batak (HKB). The initial purpose of publishing this newspaper was to oppose Dutch colonialism and the threat of foreign plantation entrepreneurs who wanted to capitalize on Batakland for personal gain. This can be seen from the motto of this newspaper which is written: Oela tanom, Oelang digomak Oelando which means “Cultivate your land, so that the Dutch do not take it”. This newspaper's courage in criticizing the colonial rulers caused Soara Batak's movements to be closely monitored. Tuan M. H. Manullang and A. Soetan Soemoroeng, the dual HKB and Soara Batak received repressive measures from the colonial government for their bold and sharp writings. The presence of Soara Batak had an important role in the politics of the Batak people's movement, which succeeded in igniting the people's fighting spirit to want to oppose Dutch colonialism which was very oppressive.

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Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA