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METANA

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PENGAWETAN IKAN BANDENG (CHANOS-CHANOS FORSK) TINGGI LISIN DENGAN PENGASAPAN CAIR DAN PENAMBAHAN SENYAWA ANTI MIKROBIA DAN ANTIOKSIDAN DARI DAUN SIRIH TINGGI OLEORESIN (piper bitttle Linn) DALAM BENTUK KAPSUL Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
METANA Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstracl On this reaseach have observed liquid smoke's ability to pursue microbe activity, antimicrobe and antioxidant compounds in betel oleoresin, give preservation by purse microorganism's growth on chanos-chanos forsk. Fis submerge process by liquid smoke with bettle oleoresin submerge on presmoking, give optimum result in preserve time eight weeks lysine value 26,56 mg/100 g, with TVB value 7,66 mgN/100 g and microorhanism 9,5 x 12 CFU/g. Reach on submerge with liquid smoke 4 % concentration, during 15 minutes, and submerge with liquid smoke 4% concentration during I0 minutes. Result above have contribution with sensoric examine of rather hard to hard texture and very like flavor Keywords : Liquid Smoke - oleoresin sirih- Bandeng Fish

KAJIAN KADAR TOTAL LIPID DAN KEPADATAN NITZSCHIA SP. YANG DIKULTUR DENGAN SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA Widianingsih, Widianingsih; Hartati, Retno; Endrawati, Hadi; M, Hilal
METANA Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kadar total lipid dan kepadatan pada mikroalga Nitzschia sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap denganÂ perlakuan salinitas 15, 20, 25, 30, dan 35 ppt (3 kali ulangan). . Nitzschia sp. dikultur pada skala laboratorium dengan pupuk F/2 dan dilakukan pemanenan setelah mencapai fase stasioner untuk kemudian diukur kadar total lipid.Â Â Perlakuan salinitas menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kepadatan Nitzschia sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt (37,32 x 106 sel/mL) dan rata-rata kepadatan terendah pada salinitas 30 ppt 1(8,62 x106 sel/mL).Â Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase kadar total lipid tertinggi terdapat pada salinitas 35 ppt (71,51 Â± 5,35 %-dw) dan persentase rata-rata kadar total lipid terendah terdapat pada salinitas 15 ppt (13,26 Â± 0.47 %-dw). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Nitzschia sp. dapat tumbuh pada salinitas 15 â€“ 35 ppt dengan kepadatan tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt dan rata- rata persentase kadar total lipid tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt. Kata-kata kunci: Nitzschia sp., densitas, salinitas, kadar total lipid.

POTENSI BIOGAS MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT PADA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH BANGKA BOTANICAL GARDEN PANGKALPINANG Widyastuti, Fianda Revina; Purwanto, Purwanto; Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract At integrated farming areas Bangka Botanical Garden Pangkalpinang treating some of solid waste mixed with biogas digester will be used as fuel gas stove. Existing conditions in the dairy cattle by using the solid waste with 132 kg / day means at least they still used solid waste of 5 cows, so the biogas produced only 1 m3 / day. This paper is studyng about the energyâ€™s need, economic and environments aspec in solid waste treatment to biogas and also about biogas management to provides the electricity need in the BBG Farm. The study is descriptive. The data have been taken from observation, measurement and interview with the farmer as the informan. Biogas produced can be used as lighting 60-100 watts for 50 hours, the driving source of energy 1 PK for 17 hours, producing 39 kWh electric energy and be able to cook 3 dishes for 40-48 servings. To produce 39.48 kWh / day, it can be used as a source of electrical energy BBG farm that has 35 lights with 25 watts of power which is lit for 12 hours / day. Up for lighting requires 10 kWh / day. For milking machine with 0.55 watts power usage requires 1.1 watts 2 times the rest can be used as a motor to move the water pump, lawn mower and activity classification. The BBG Farm need to increase the efficiency of utilization of biogas digester or biodigester everaging 1 unit abandoned and improve lighting installation connection using biogas. Keywords: biogas,cattle, energy,potential.

PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA Kusumayanti, Heny
METANA Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA

PENYISIHAN KONSENTRASI TIMBAL (Pb) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBENT ABU ENDAPAN BATU BARA (STUDI KASUS : AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI PERCETAKAN SEMARANG) Hardyanti, Nurandani; Syafrudin, Syafrudin
METANA Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Offset industries produced waste water contained lead contaminant and had pollution potential for environment. One of method to remove waste water contained lead was used bottom ash as adsorbent. This research was to know the ability of Â bottom ash to reduce lead in artificial waste water with concentration of lead was 20.64 mg/l in the batch and continuous processes. For the batch processes, bottom ash was used as independent variable of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 weight gram and highest removal efficiency up to 72.09-90.84%. While in continuous process experimental used column with diameter of 2 inch, discharge of 760 ml/minute, and influent concentration of 15 mg/l, 20mg/1, and 25 mg/l. Highest efficiency of removing lead was 73%-92.93%. With velocity constanst was 0.416-0.490 ml/mg. Second while operational capacity was 0.069-0.081 mg/g. Keywords:offset, adsorption, waste water, lead, coal bottom ash

Pengaruh Temperatur, Konsentrasi Katalis Dan Rasio Molar Metanol-Minyak Terhadap Yield Biodisel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Melalui Proses Netralisasi-Transesterifikasi Prihanto, Antonius; Irawan, T.A. Bambang
METANA Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan biodisel dari minyak goreng bekas melalui proses netralisasi-transesterifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh temperatur terhadap yield biodiesel, pengaruh konsentrasi katalis terhadap yield biodiesel dan pengaruh rasio molar methanol-minyak goreng bekas terhadap yield biodiesel melalui proses netralisasi dan transesterifikasi. Untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses transesterifikasi terbaik, maka dikaji pengaruh variasi suhu (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH (0,75 %, 1 %, 1,25 %, 1,5 %, 1,75 %) dan rasio molar metanol-minyak (6:1; 7:1; 8:1; 9:1; 10:1) terhadap yield biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari minyak goreng bekas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada rasio 6 : 1, konsentrasi katalis KOH 1 % pada suhu 60 oC mengahasilkan yield biodiesel maksimal sebesar 87,3 %.Â Effect of Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Methanol-Oil Molar Ratio Against Biodiesel Yield from Used Cooking Oil Through Neutralization Transesterification ProcessA research has been conducted on the making of biodiesel from used cooking oil through a neutralization-transesterification process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on biodiesel yield, the effect of catalyst concentration on biodiesel yield and the effect of molar ratio of methanol to used biodiesel yield through neutralization and transesterification process. To obtain the best transesterification process condition, the effect of temperature variation (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), KOH catalyst concentration variation (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 1,5 %, 1.75%) and the molar ratio of methanol-oil (6: 1; 7: 1; 8: 1; 9: 1; 10: 1) to the yield of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil. The results showed at a ratio of 6: 1, the concentration of 1% KOH catalyst at 60 Â° C resulted in a maximum biodiesel yield of 87.3%.

PEMODELAN TERMODINAMIKA STEAM REFORMER UNTUK PRODUKSI GAS H2 MENGGUNAKAN GAS ALTERNATIF HASIL PEMBAKARAN COKES Wikanta, Deddy Kurniawan
METANA Vol 6, No 02 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Most of H2 gas industry produce its product from natural gas by reforming. Availability of natural gas stay no longer. One of alternative substitute gas is flue gas from cokes. The problem is how to model thermodynamically the reformer so that it operates as same in order compare with using natural gas. For this reason it needs to be simulated thermodynamic model to know the process tendency to succeed. This research is done in 2 step, namely : thermodynamic modelling and simulation. The result give recommendation that flue gas from cokes can be used as gas substitute to feed reformer. Keywords : reformer; thermodynamic

Model Sistem Monitoring pH dan Kekeruhan pada Akuarium Air Tawar berbasis Internet of Things Tadeus, Dista Yoel; Azazi, Khasnan; Ariwibowo, Didik
METANA Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Ikan hias dan vegetasi air memiliki rentang toleransi terhadap nilai parameter lingkungan. Parameter tersebut hendaknya senantiasa diawasi demi kelangsungan hidupnya. Internet of Things (IoT) telah dimanfaatkan sebagai sistem monitoring dan otomasi parameter lingkungan ikan dan vegetasi air namun sistem ini membutuhkan biaya yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan suatu model sistem monitoring berbasis IoT berbiaya rendah untuk memberikan informasi parameter pH dan kekeruhan air setiap saat kepada pemilik ikan hias. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan komponen opensource dan sensor berbiaya rendah. Data monitoring digunakan untuk mengaktifkan aktuator berupa filter air. Filter akan aktif apabila tingkat kekeruhan air sudah melebihi batas kekeruhan yang ditentukan. Pengujian kekeruhan air aquarium menunjukkan saat kekeruhan mencapai 3000 ntu pukul 14.12 pompa aktif dan filter bekerja sampai kekeruhan berada pada nilai 498 ntu pada pukul 17.00 dan pompa mati secara otomatis. Nilai pH dan kekeruhan air berhasil ditampilkan dengan baik di aplikasi Blynk pada ponsel. Hasil pengujian menyimpulkan bahwa sistem monitoring yang dikembangkan telah berhasil diimplementasikan dengan baik. Â Ornamental fish and aquatic vegetation have a tolerance range of environmental parameter values. These parameters should always be monitored for survival. Internet of Things (IoT) has been utilized as a monitoring and automation system for environmental parameters of fish and aquatic vegetation, but this system requires high costs. The purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost IoT-based monitoring system model to provide information on pH parameters and water turbidity at any time to ornamental fish owners. This system is built using opensource components and low-cost sensors. Monitoring data is used to activate the actuator in the form of a water filter. The filter will active if the turbidity level of water has exceeded the specified turbidity limit. The aquarium water turbidity test showed that when the turbidity reached 3000 ntu at 14.12 the pump was active and the filter worked until the turbidity was at 498 ntu at 17.00 and the pump automatically shut down. The pH value and the turbidity of the water were successfully displayed in the Blynk application on the cellphone. The test results concluded that the monitoring system developed was successfully implemented.Â

STUDI PENGARUH METODE PEMBUATAN DAN SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PADA PROSES PRODUKSI KATALIS DARI ZEOLIT ALAM Widayat, Widayat; Satriadi, H; Roesyadi, Achmad; Rachimoellah, H M
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Indonesia has the potential for considerable natural zeolites. This natural zeolites, silica deposits typically have amounted to 60%, it also contains components of alumina. Silica and alumina oxide compound that can be used as a catalyst, particularly in the process of dehydration. This research aims to study the influence of the method of manufacture of catalysts in the production process of natural zeolite catalyst. The observed response is the surface area in comparison with silica, alumina and kristalitas. The surface area is measured by the method kristalitas and BET with XRD analysis as well as the composition of the silica-alumina with AAS. The methods used in this research is the process of exchanging ions-development with alcohol and dealuminiation process with hydrochloric acid solution. The raw materials used are natural zeolite from Malang, Lampung Province and Regency of Gunung Kidul. The results showed that dealuminasi process with hydrochloric acid produces a better surface area compared to the ion exchange process and development with alcohol. Besides the resulting catalyst with silicate dealuminasi process is a catalyst if the raw material of the Regency of Gunung Kidul and mordenite type if the raw materials used originate from Malang. Key words : Zeolite catalyst, natural zeolites, surface area, crystallite,Si/Al comparison

Pengaruh Temperatur, Kecepatan Putar Ulir Dan Waktu Pemanasan Awal Terhadap Perolehan Minyak Kemiri Dari Biji Kemiri Dengan Metode Penekanan Mekanis (Screw Press) Chynintya R.P., Galuh; Paramita, S.T., M.M., M.Eng, Vita
METANA Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) adalah tumbuhan yang bijinya dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber minyak dan rempah-rempah. Biji yang terdapat di dalamnya memiliki lapisan pelindung yang sangat keras dan mengandung minyak yang cukup banyak yaitu 63 gram per 100 gram biji kemiri. Minyak kemiri termasuk kelompok minyak mengering (drying oil). Lemak dan minyak dapat diperoleh dari ekstraksi jaringan hewan atau tanaman dengan tiga cara, yaitu rendering, pengepresan (pressing), atau dengan pelarut. Dua cara yang umum dalam pengepresan mekanis yaitu pengepresan hidrolik (hydraulic pressing) dan pengepresan berulir (screw pressing). Cara screw pressing memerlukan perlakuan pendahuluan yang terdiri dari proses pemasakan atau tempering. Objek dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperlajari pengaruh temperatur, kecepatan putar ulir dan waktu pemanasan awal terhadap rendemen minyak kemiri. Biji kemiri dipanaskan pada suhu 60, 70 dan 80ÂºC dengan variabel waktu (60 dan 90 menit). Biji kemiri tersebut dipres dengan variabel suhu (60, 70 dan 80ÂºC) dan kecepatan putar ulir (170 dan 220 rpm). Kemudian dilakukan pemisahan antara ampas dan minyak dengan menggunakan sentrifuge. Analisa yang akan dilakukan terhadap produk adalah rendemen, densitas, viskositas, bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan dan uji organoleptik. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, minyak yang memiliki warna dan kekeruhan yang paling baik serta nilai bilangan asam dan bilangan penyabunan sesuai dengan syarat baku mutu adalah minyak dengan perlakuan suhu 60ÂºC, waktu pemanasan awal 60, dan kecepatan 170 rpm. Nilai bilangan asam pada perlakuan ini sebesar 6,91 mg KOH/gr minyak dan nilai bilangan penyabunan sebesar 184,45 mg KOH/gr minyak. Namun perolehan yieldnya rendah yaitu sebesar 10,74 %.Â Effect of Temperature, Thin Turning And Warming Up Time Of Oil Acquired Candlenut From Mechanized Pressure (Screw Press)Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) is a plant whose seeds are used as a source of oil and spices. The seeds have a very hard protective layer and contain a considerable amount of oil that is 63 grams per 100 grams of candlenut. The candlenut oil belongs to the drying oil group (oil draining). Fats and oils can be obtained from the extraction of animal or plant tissue in three ways, namely rendering, pressing, or with solvent. Two common ways of mechanical pressing are hydraulic pressing and screw pressing. The screw pressing requires preliminary treatment consisting of cooking or tempering process. The object of this research is to study the effect of temperature, rotary velocity and initial heating time to the yield of candlenut oil. The candlenut seeds were heated at 60, 70 and 80ÂºC with variable time (60 and 90 minutes). The seeds were pressed with temperature variables (60, 70 and 80ÂºC) and screw rotation speed variables (170 and 220 rpm). The separation between the waste and oil were using centrifugal. The analysis on the product were including the rendement, density, viscosity, acid number and saponification. The most similar to the required quality standar of candlenut oil which is including color, turbidity, the value of acid and saponification number were found to the oil heated at 60ÂºC with initial heating time of 60, and screw rotation speed of 170 rpm. The value of acid number and saponification number of this treatment were 6.91 mg KOH / g of oil and 184.45 mg KOH / g of oil, respectively. However, the yield obtained was low at 10.74%Â

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