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METANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Articles 220 Documents
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Peran Laminar Air Flow Cabinet Dalam Uji Mikroorganisme Untuk Menunjang Keselamatan Kerja Mahasiswa Di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Harjanto, Sri; Raharjo, Raharjo
METANA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (977.466 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v13i2.18016

Abstract

Keamanan dan keselamatan kerja di lingkungan laboratorium sangat dibutuhkan , seperti di laboratorium mikrobiologi. Untuk menunjang hal tersebut di atas peran Laminar air flow cabinet dirasa sangat penting akan keberadaannya karena mempunyai tingkat keamana dan keselamatan bagi pemakai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan jika kita masih menggunakan peralatan sederhana seperti inkas. Lebih –lebih untuk penanganan bakteri yang bersifat patogen. Di laboratorium mikrobiologi ini melayani mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah praktikum pendidikan juga mahasiswa yang sedang menyelesaikan penelitian Tugas Akhir. Dengan Laminar air flow cabinet ini didukung kedisiplinan serta bekerja sesuai peraturan tata tertib yang ada    diharapkan  bisa membantu menyelesaikan tugas dan bisa memberikan perlindungan serta  rasa aman bagi  mahasiswa tersebut. The role of  laminar air flow cabinet in the test of microorganism to presurve work safetyin student microbiology laboratory  Safety and safety in the laboratory environment is needed, as in the microbiology laboratory. To support the above, the role of Laminar air flow cabinet feels very important to its existence because it has a level of security and safety for users who are higher than if we still use simple equipment such as inkas. More-for the handling of bacteria that are pathogenic. In this microbiology laboratory serves students who take courses of educational practicum as well as students who are completing research Final Assignment. With Laminar air flow cabinet is supported by discipline and work according to existing rules of order are expected to help complete the task and can provide protection and a sense of security for the student. 
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGADUK MEKANIS DI INDUSTRI KECIPUT S, FS Nugraheni; Achmad, Laila Faizah; Handayani, Dwi
METANA Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (148.05 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v10i02.11047

Abstract

Abstract   Jenang is unique snack from kudus regency and used as kudus icon which was produced from several small industry,middle industry and big industry that has flexible texture,sweet and long lifetime (approximately 6 month). There are so many obstacles which is faced by small industry with traditional mixer that jenang quality is not too good.  The characteristics are inflexible texture,flour flavor in jenang taste and also short lifetime (only 1 month). It is because of each cooking process need 6 – 7 hours and temperature 600 – 700C in the jenang produstion process, so the quality is low. In training and consulting about jenang cooking process explain that to produce better quality of jenang it need cooking period only 4 – 5 hours and temperature 1000 – 1100C. The characteristics of jenang that was produced are more flexible,no flour flavor and long lifetime (in 1 month these product still can be consumed) This training and consulting  the industry responses are very good.they also hoped that there will be a follow –up especially in mechanical instrumentation grant for producing jenang. Because small industry still use manual instrumentation in jenang production Keyword : jenang, flexibility,loose of flour flavor Abstrak Jenang merupakan makanan camilan yang khas dari Kudus dan sebagai  ikon Kudus yang diproduksi dari berbagai industri kecil,menengah dan besar dengan rasa gurih,lentur,manis dan legit serta mempunyai umur simpan selama 6 bulan. Banyak kendala yang dialami industri kecil dengan alat pengaduk tradisional dimana kualitas jenang kurang baik,diantaranya kurang lentur,rasa tepungnya masih ada dan tidak awet (hanya 1 bulan) karena dalam memproduksi setiap masak membutuhkan waktu 6 – 7 jam dan suhu 600 - 700C hal ini yang menyebakan kualitas kurang memenuhi syarat. Adanya pelatihan dan konsultasi tentang kinerja alat pengaduk mekanis pada proses pemasakan jenang dijelaskan bahwa untuk waktu pemasakan hanya 4 – 5 jam dan suhu 1000 – 1100C menghasilkan jenang kualitas baik yaitu lebih lentur,rasa tepung hilang dan selama 1 bulan ini jenang belum mengeras (masih awet) Pelatihan dan konsultasi ini dilaksanakan sangat diterima para pengrajin dan diharapkan ada tindak lanjut khususnya bantuan alat mekanis pembuatan jenang mengingat pengrajin kecil ini dalam memproduksi jenang masih secara manual Kata kunci : jenang, kelenturan, rasa tepung hilang
Pengaruh Kondisi Operasi Ekstraksi Reaktif Gelombang Mikro Untuk Produksi Biodisel Dari Biji Kemiri Sunan Secara In Situ Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Firyanto, Rudi; Mulyaningsih, M.F. Sri; Handayani, Sri Utami; Amalia, Rizka
METANA Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1123.31 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v12i2.9749

Abstract

Krisis energi berbasis bahan bakar fosil  telah menjadi masalah global karena ketersediaannya sangat terbatas. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencari bahan bakar alternatif yang memiliki sifat dapat diperbaharui dan ramah lingkungan, diantaranya dengan penggunaan biofuel biodisel. Tujuan riset adalah mempelajari pengaruh variable proses ekstraksi reaktif gelombang mikro untuk produksi biodisel dari biji kemiri sunan. Kebaruan dan inovasi utama dari skema proses yang dikembangkan adalah pengambilan minyak kemiri sunan dan reaksi transesterifikasi terjadi pada satu tahap. Pengukuran data dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioenergi Teknik Kimia Sekolah Vokasi UNDIP dan Laboratorium Teknik Separasi Teknik Kimia UNTAG dan selama 4 bulan. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan antara lain: (i) desain dan pabrikasi alat ekstraktor reaktif gelombang mikro kapasitas 5 liter/hari, dan (ii) studi pengaruh variabel proses ekstraksi reaktif untuk produksi biodisel. Variabel proses dalam ekstraksi dan metanolisis minyak kemiri sunan sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan produktifitas dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu: variabel tetap dan variabel berubah. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan dengan berat biji kemiri sunan sebesar 250 gr dan dan dihaluskan. Variabel berubah menggunakan parameter suhu ekstraksi reaktif 50, 55, 60, dan 65 oC, dan perbandingan umpan metanol:biji kemiri sunan pada rasio 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, dan 2:1. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa alat ekstraktor reaktif gelombang mikro untuk produksi biodisel dari biji kemeri sunan telah dipabrikasi secara baik. Semakin besar rasio metanol-biji kemiri sunan, konversi minyak kemiri sunan menjadi metil ester semakin meningkat. Peningkatan  perolehan metil ester juga juga semakin besar seiring meningkatnya temperatur operasi ekstraksi reaktif. Effect of Micro-Reactive Reactive Extraction Operation Condition For Biodisel Production Of Sunan Kemiri Seed In SituThe energy crisis based on fossil fuel has become a global problem because of its limited availability. Various attempts have been done to find another alternative fuels which have renewable characteristic and environmentally friendly, by using biofuel biodiesel. The aim of this research is to study the effect of process variable microwave reactive extraction to produce biodiesel from the “Sunan” seeds of candlenut. The main novelty and innovation of the developed process was extraction of Sunan candlenut oil and transesterification reaction occurs at one stage. Measurement was carried out in the Bioenergy Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Vocational School UNDIP and Separation Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Engineering UNTAG for 4 months. Activities carried out include: (i) designing and manufacturing reactive extractor microwave with capacity 5 liters / day, and (ii) study of the effect of reactive extraction process variable for biodiesel production. Process variables of extraction and methanolyisis from Sunan candlenut oil as an effort to increase productivity were divided into two types: independent  and dependent variable. Research has been conducted by grinding Sunan seed weight of 250 grams. Variable changed using parameter of reactive extraction temperature 50, 55, 60, and 65 ° C, and the ratio of methanol feed: Sunan seeds at  5: 1, 4: 1, 3: 1 and 2: 1. The results show that the reactive extractor microwaves produce biodiesel from the Sunan seeds has been fabricated as well. The greater the ratio of methanol- Sunan seed, the bigger of Sunan oil conversion to methyl ester. Increasing methyl ester also getting bigger with increasing operating temperature of reactive extraction.
Pengaruh Komposisi Pada Minyak Telon Terhadap Uji Indeks Bias Dengan Meinggunakan Refraktometer Tipe Way Abbe Solarbesain, Frengky Hutama Putra; Pudjihastuti, Isti
METANA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (509.072 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v15i1.20330

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks bias Minyak Ttelon dengan komposisi yang berbeda-beda. Pembuatan minyak telon dari campuran kelapa dan minyak atsiri (minyak adas dan kayu putih) dengan variasi komposisi Minyak kayu putih : minyak kelapa : minyak adas. Hasil di uji indeks biasnya menggunakan refraktometer dan organoleptik. Hasil indeks bias yang didapat sampel Pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15) yaitu 1,4510 D, Sampel kedua dengan komposisi minyak telon (15:10:20) yaitu 1,4465 D, dan sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20) yaitu 1,4468 D. Dari hasil uji organoleptik di dapatkan minyak telon yang lebih disukai yaitu pada sampel pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15), dan minyak telon yang kurang disukai yaitu pada sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20). Pada Uji Organoleptik sampel minyak telon yang disukai yaitu sampel satu lebih dengan komposisi minyak kayu putih 20 ml, minyak kelapa 20 ml dan minyak adas 15 ml lebih disukai dimbandingkan yang lainnya. Dari segi aroma khas minyak telon lebih kuat tercium, untuk warnanya bening dan pada saat dioleskan pada kulit terasa hangat. Research aims to find the refractive index of Ttelon Oil with different composition.  The manufacture of telon oil from coconut and essential oil mixture (fennel oil and eucalyptus) with variation of composition of eucalyptus oil: coconut oil: fennel oil. Results in the refractive index test using refractometer and organoleptic. The result of refractive index obtained First sample with the composition of oil telon (20:20:15) that is 1.4510 D, second sample with the composition of oil telon (15:10:20) that is 1.4465 D, and the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20) that is 1.4468 D. From the results of organoleptic test in obtain the preferred telon oil that is in the first sample with the composition of telon oil (20:20:15), and the oil is less favored telon that is in the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20). In the preferred Organoleptic Test the preferred sample of telon oil is one more sample with a 20 ml eucalyptus oil composition, 20 ml coconut oil and 15 ml fennel oil preferably compared to the others. In terms of distinctive aroma of telon oil more strong smell, for the color is clear and at the time applied to the skin was warm.
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK BIJI RAMI (LINSEED OIL) DAN GLISEROL BY-PRODUCT BIODIESEL UNTUK PEMBUATAN VERNIS ALAMI Sutanti, Sri; Purnavita, Sari; Sriyana, Herman Yoseph
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (62.108 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v9i01.7203

Abstract

Abstract Varnish is coating material that is produced by using polymer. Actually  natural varnish is produced by manufacturing natural polymer like gondorukem. The research is to study about optimizing of  reactant composition as the ratio of OH/COOH and operation temperature in the process of making natural varnish from gondorukem, linseed oil and glycerol by-product biodiesel using the alcoholysis method. The reaction is done in the reactor using agitator. The reaction consists of two steps, 1). the forming of monoglyceride, 2). the forming of varnish. Both steps of reaction is done at the same temperature (200oC, 220oC, 240oC and 260oC). Reactant ratio is used as equivalent ratio OH/COOH: 1,1; 1,2; and 1,3. We analyze free glycerol concentration in the first step reaction and  acid value in the second step reaction. The best result is obtained in ratio 1,2 and operation temperature 260oC. Key word: natural varnish, alcoholysis, equivalent ratio OH/COOH, linseed oil, glycerol by-product biodiesel.
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH TERPADU 3R (REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE), PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK Dharma, Budhi
METANA Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6388.666 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v0i0.1653

Abstract

Abstract   Garbage represents the waste product of household activities in solid as well as half solid forms. They derive from human settlement, market, commercial areas, offices, industrial zones, ranch and other public facilities. Implementing the 3-R progrom (Reduce-Reuse- Recycle), such as : separating various kinds of garbage from its source, development of garbage composting and integrated use of garage recycling product in human settlement area is regarded as an effective way to solve the garbage problem.The 3 - R program is expected to increase understanding and awareness among the community members about environmental health and also to minimize garbage disposal to the final garbage disposal plant.   Key word: garbage, reduce, reuse, recycle, compos
PENGELOLAAN LABORATORIUM KIMIA Vendamawan, Rico
METANA Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (529.8 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v11i02.14757

Abstract

 Abstrak Pemahaman tentang pengelolaan laboratorium sangat penting untuk dimiliki oleh pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan laboratorium, baik secara langsung maupun tidak. Laboratorium harus dikelola dan di manfaatkan dengan baik, karena Laboratorium kimia merupakan salah satu jenis laboratorium yang dianggap cukup berbahaya dalam rangka pelaksanaan pendidikan, penelitian, dan/atau pengabdian kepada masyarakat.Menyadari tugas, wewenang dan fungsinya Pranata Laboratorium akan mendapatkan efisiensi kerja yang maksimal. Mengelola Laboratorium dengan baik, adalah menjadi tujuan utama, sehingga semua pekerjaan yang dilakukan dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Selain itu sesama Pranata Laboratorium harus ada kerjasama yang baik, dan selalu berkomunikasi dengan Pranata Laboratorium yang lain, sehingga setiap kesulitan dapat dipecahkan/diselesaikan bersama. Pranata laboratorium yang memiliki kemampuan dan keterampilan yang baik harus dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya, dapat diperoleh melalui pendidikan tambahan sebagai pendidikan keterampilan khusus, penataran (workshop) maupun magang dan sebagainya. Sehingga diharapkan  semua Pranata Laboratorium dapat berperan secara aktif dan bertanggung jawab atas semua kegiatan operasional di laboratoriumnya.  Kata Kunci : Laboratorium Kimia, Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan  Abstract An understanding of laboratory management is very important to be owned by the parties related to the laboratory, either directly or indirectly. Laboratories must be managed and utilized properly, because the chemical laboratory is one of the laboratories that are considered quite dangerous in the context of the implementation of education, research, and / or community service.Recognizing the duties, powers and functions Institution Laboratory will obtain maximum working efficiency. Laboratory manages well, is the main goal, so that all work can be done smoothly. Besides other Institutions  Laboratory should be good cooperation, and always communicate with another Institutions Laboratory, so that any difficulties can be solved / resolved together. Institutions laboratory that have the ability to be a good skill must be improved, can be obtained through additional education as a special education skills, refresher courses (workshops) as well as internships and so on. So expect all Institutions laboratory can actively participate and is responsible for all operational activities in each laboratory. Key Words: Laboratory of Chemical, Laboratory Education
Alternator Fasa Tiga 12 Volt Untuk Praktik di Laboratorium Yuwono, Teguh
METANA Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6807.99 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v3i2.1858

Abstract

Abstract   Performing an equipment to train the skille area student of costly adequate 3 phase alternator encumbering enough. so that student  fulled the requimen learn  skilled of encumbering of 3 phase alternator, need there is solution of levying of unit the skilled alternator 3 phase. One of the way is make by self, modifying car alternator become the 3 phase alternator.   Keryord: emf alternator
Peningkatan Produktivitas Industri Manisan Nanas Melalui Pengembangan Pengering Multi Rak Endy Yulianto; Eflita Yohana; Sutrisno Sutrisno; Sri Utami H; Didik Ariwibowo; Fardzanela S Fardzanela S; Riana Sitawati
METANA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (492.664 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v14i2.20097

Abstract

Industri olahan buah-buahan khususnya nanas menjadi salah satu industri yang cukup berkembang. Olahan hasil panen nanas dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk ini.Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah deseminasi teknologi pengering multi rak resirkulasi adsorpsi berbasis zeolit yang telah teruji di laboratorium dan merupakan well-proven technology ke industri manisan nanas rumput laut KUB 3 Sekawan. Target yang ingin dicapai melalui pengembangan proses produksi dan konsep pengering resirkulasi berbasis zeolit di industri manisan nanas rumput laut KUB 3 Sekawan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi produksi. Kegiatan diseminasi produk teknologi ke masyarakat meliputi: (i) desain dan pabrikasi prototipe pengering resirkulasi adsorpsi kapasitas 50 kg/batch, (ii) penyusunan dokumen Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), (iii) pengujian adaptasi dan evaluasi penerapan pengering resirkulasi adsorpsi, dan (iv) evaluasi tekno-ekonomi. Pengering multi rak dilengkapi resirkulator udara pengering berbasis zeolit telah terpabrikasi secara baik dan telah digunakan untuk produksi manisan nanas rumput laut. Pengering adsorpsi multi rak ini, mampu meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan menurunkan biaya produksi. Analisis tekno-ekonomi meliputi: B/C Ratio, NPV dan IRR menunjukkan bahwa terap-kembang alat di industri manisan nanas rumput laut ini layak. Dengan demikian, alat memenuhi persyaratan secara teknis dan secara finansial atau secara ekonomis.
EKSPERIMEN PERFORMANCE POMPA AIR DENGAN PENGATURAN SUCTION HEAD M.Si, Drs. INDARTONO M.Par
METANA Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (104.27 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v8i02.6808

Abstract

The study objectives were: (1). to determine the efficiency of the pump with high and low suction head setting. (2). to know the power consumption saving. (3). To determine pump performance that is widely used by the public. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, D III Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University. The study took 3 (three) of about 6 (six) pump brands as a sample which is traded and used by the public in Semarang. Water flow and electric current data are calculated to determine the pump efficiency data, then analyzed using analysis of variance statistical methods with formula , Mk brands is the mean squared of brands, Mk suction head is the mean square of the suction head, and Mk Dal is the inner mean square. Data analysis result showed that for the suction head with degrees of freedom 22 versus 10, null approach limit is 2.3 at significance level of 5% and 3.26 at significance level of 1%. Thus the hypothesis can not be defended (rejected) because the value of the F from table are far away from generated F. As for inter-brand, with degrees of freedom of 22 versus 2 hypothesis rejection limit is 3.44 for 5% significance level and 5.72 for the 1% level. The result show that for inter-brand, the generated Fo is much larger than Ft,, so the hypothesis are acceptable, it is proved that there is a difference in pump performance and efficiency between one and another pump brands. Installation of pumps will be efficient when the distance of suction head is relatively small and based on the test, Fuji’s pump brand is better than the other 2 (two) pumps. Keywords: Water Pumps, Suction Head and Efficiency

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