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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 21 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science" : 21 Documents clear
Effect of Pullulan Derived from Micrococcus luteus on Preserving Selected Properties of Sunflower Oil Chalop, Karam Kh; Mousa , Ebtisam F.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.672-682

Abstract

This study evaluates the efficacy of pullulan, a bacterial polysaccharide extracted from a local Micrococcus luteus isolate, in preserving the oxidative stability of unrefined sunflower oil. Using peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) as metrics. Five treatments were compared against a traditional antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and a control. Results demonstrated that the use of 800 ppm pullulan significantly inhibited oxidative degradation of the unrefined sunflower oil, particularly at 20°C storage. Peroxide values for 800 ppm pullulan (1.91 mEq.kg-1 at 20°C; 2.88 mEq.kg-1 at 50°C) were slightly higher than BHT (1.82 and 1.99 mEq.kg-1) but markedly lower than the control (4.49 and 3.59 mEq.kg-1). Thiobarbituric acid values for 800 ppm pullulan (0.38 mg MDA.kg-1 (malondialdehyde) at 2°C at day 40, and at 50°C at day 30, were marginally lower than BHT (0.43 and 0.47 mg MDA.kg-1) and significantly reduced versus the control (0.51 and 1.42 mg MDA.kg-1), respectively.
Transforming Tropical Crops: Postharvest Processing and Enterprise Viability of MaCoMa Coffee Blend in Davao Oriental, Philippines Leal, Imelda; Ramos, Lovelyn M.; Ma-ata, Mar Fe S.; Micutuan, Catherine; Pieza, Jelian; Gutana, Katrina B.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.584-593

Abstract

This study explored the development of a novel, non-caffeinated coffee alternative using underutilized tropical crops: marang seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus), corn (Zea mays), and malunggay (Moringa oleifera) leaves. These crops are abundant in tropical regions, such as Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines, yet remain largely untapped for value-added food products. Marang, a seasonal fruit native to the Philippines, yields seeds rich in protein, fats, and carbohydrates, which are often discarded as waste. Corn, widely cultivated in the region, contributes dietary fiber and antioxidants, while malunggay leaves are celebrated for their dense micronutrient content, including iron, calcium, and vitamins A and C. The MaCoMa (Marang + Corn + Malunggay) coffee blend was formulated through strategic post-harvest processing techniques, including roasting, drying, and blending, to enhance flavor, preserve nutrients, and extend shelf life. The research evaluated both scientific parameters, such as nutritional profiling and sensory attributes (appearance, aroma, taste, and texture), as well as business viability factors, including consumer acceptability and financial metrics. A sensory evaluation conducted with 200 respondents revealed high levels of acceptability, particularly in terms of aroma and taste. Economic analysis indicated a Return on Investment (ROI) of 7.84%, a net profit margin of 6.86%, and a payback period of 1.5 years, evidence of strong enterprise potential. A SWOT analysis highlighted key strengths, including local availability, nutritional benefits, affordability, and sustainability, while also noting challenges such as limited market awareness and shelf-life constraints. This project demonstrates the potential of transforming tropical crops into market ready products that support community-based enterprises. The MaCoMa coffee blend offers a healthier alternative to conventional coffee, promotes agricultural innovation, reduces postharvest waste, and creates livelihood opportunities. Continued research into flavor variants, shelf-life stabilization, and regional marketing is recommended to scale its impact across tropical agricultural communities.
Chili Yields, Nutrient Use, and Water Use Efficiency under Precision Fertigation at Different Plant Density and Drip Irrigation Lines Susila, Anas Dinurrohman; Suketi, Ketty; Purnamawati, Heni; Rusdan, Risna
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.594-603

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation line number and plant density on the growth and yield of curly red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. Tangguh. The study was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024 at the Cikarawang Experimental Station of IPB University (6°32’56” S; 106°43’54” E; 240 m above sea level) on Ultisol characterized by severely low phosphorus (1.1 ppm) and high potassium content (66 ppm). A split-plot design within a randomized complete block design was employed, with irrigation line number (single or double drip lines per bed) as the main plot and four planting densities (26,666, 53,322, 80,000, and 106,666 plants.ha-1) as subplots. Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in 24 plots (each 1.5 m × 10 m). Fertilizers applied included Urea (45% N), SP-36 (36% P2O5 ), cattle manure, dolomite, biofertilizers (Trichoderma spp.), and PGPR. Irrigation and fertigation were managed using the Nutrigads automatic drip system. The data collected included plant growth, yield components, nutrient use efficiency, water use efficiency, and partial factor productivity for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The results showed that the irrigation line number had no significant effect on individual plant growth parameters. However, using double lines significantly increased total fruit yield per bed and hectare, indicating its contribution to overall productivity. Conversely, the double line system reduced water use efficiency (WUE = 2.07 kg.mm-1) compared to the single line system (WUE = 3.64 kg.mm-1; P<0.0001). Higher planting densities (up to 106,666 plants.ha-1) enhanced total yield by promoting vertical growth but reduced individual plant performance, and had a positive effect on WUE, NUE, and PUE.
Growth Diversity, Total Phenol, and Flavonoid of Various Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) Genotypes Under Shading Stress Darmawansyah, Darmawansyah; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Santosa, Edi; Ritonga, Arya Widura
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.536-547

Abstract

The study of adaptation mechanisms in cayenne pepper under shade stress is crucial for further exploration. Cayenne pepper is one of the primary commodities that play an essential role in the agricultural industry. This research focuses on the adaptation of morphological, physiological, and secondary metabolite characteristics of cayenne pepper under shading treatments, while also examining the role of microclimate on these characteristics. The study was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 at the Leuwikopo experimental field of Bogor Agricultural University, using five genotypes of cayenne pepper cultivated under two shading treatments: 0% and 50% shading, achieved using shade netting. The results showed that among the five genotypes tested, shade-loving genotypes, such as “Bonita,” and shade-tolerant genotypes, like “Ori 212,” displayed a greater morphological response in terms of plant height and canopy width under 50% shade compared to the other genotypes. In terms of yield traits, shade-tolerant genotypes, such as “Ori 212”, exhibited the highest fruit weight per plant under a 50% shading treatment compared to the other genotypes. Regarding physiological responses, specifically pigment content, no significant effect of shading treatment was observed. However, in terms of secondary metabolite content, all genotypes responded by increasing total phenol and flavonoid levels when grown in unshaded conditions or under full light intensity. This study provides insights into the adaptive responses of various cayenne pepper genotypes to microclimatic conditions in their growing environment.
Grafting-Induced Phenotypic and Genomic Variations in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) through Interspecific Compatibility with M. Glaziovi Ulfa, Umi Tahniah; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning; Mulyaningsih, Enung Sri; Hartati, N. Sri; Anjarsari, Nurul Aeni; Dewi, Prita Sari
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.559-571

Abstract

Grafting is a promising approach to enhance cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) productivity, particularly in improving tuber yield and quality. Despite its technical simplicity, research on the morphological and molecular consequences of grafting in cassava is limited. This study aimed to quantitatively assess phenotypic differences between grafted and shoot cutting plants and characterize genetic modifications in shoot apical meristems near the graft union. Three splice-grafting combinations were evaluated: M. glaziovii (cv. "Karet")/"Revita RV1" (KR), "Karet"/ "Carvita 25" (KC), and "Carvita 25"/ "Revita RV1" (CR), alongside shoot-cutting plants of each cultivar. Grafted seedlings and conventional cuttings were transplanted to the field, and growth was monitored up to five months after grafting (5 MAG). Shoot bud samples were collected for RAPD analysis at three months (3 MAG). Grafted plants showed differences in morphology compared to controls, especially in branching architecture, branch angle, stem diameter, and internode length. However, the overall plant form and primary stem type remained stable. The color of emerging shoots consistently reflected their genotypic origin, like scion or rootstock, as did the shoot buds nearest the graft union. RAPD analysis using multiple primers revealed polymorphic banding patterns, with OPE-12 producing the most diverse profiles. While specific bands were associated with each cultivar, grafted regenerants often exhibited altered or novel band profiles, suggesting somaclonal variation or graft-induced genetic/epigenetic changes. Some regenerants displayed unexpected band types, such as C1 in R-KR1 and R-KR3, which were absent from their known parental genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped 45 samples into five major clusters and eight subgroups, indicating genetic divergence among certain grafted combinations, particularly "Carvita 25"–"Revita RV1" and M. glaziovii–"Revita RV1". These results demonstrate that grafting can significantly impact cassava phenotype and genome stability. This study shows that interspecific grafting between cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and M. glaziovii can induce significant phenotypic and genomic variations.
Enhancing Postharvest Quality of Cavendish Bananas (Musa acuminata) with Lactobacillus sp. Hernando, Denrel T.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.615-626

Abstract

Cavendish bananas are among the most widely cultivated and consumed varieties worldwide, valued for their sweetness, texture, and versatility. However, postharvest diseases, particularly crown rot caused by Fusarium and Colletotrichum spp., present significant challenges, resulting in substantial losses in both quality and yield. Traditional management relies on synthetic chemicals, such as prochloraz and calcium hypochlorite; however, concerns over pesticide residues, environmental impact, and consumer preference for low-chemical produce have driven the search for safer alternatives. Lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus sp., have shown promise in agriculture due to their ability to produce organic acids, such as lactic acid, which suppress pathogens and enhance fruit quality. This study investigated the efficacy of Lactobacillus sp. as a postharvest treatment for Cavendish bananas, comparing it with conventional chemical treatments. The main objectives were to evaluate fruit quality, crown rot incidence, sensory attributes, and economic viability. Results demonstrated that bananas treated with Lactobacillus sp. (10 ml.L-1 water) achieved a high select quality (SQ) rating of 94.25%, closely comparable to 94.65% observed in synthetic chemical-treated fruits. Untreated bananas and those treated with calcium hypochlorite exhibited lower quality and a higher incidence of crown rot. Sensory evaluation revealed no significant differences in odor, aroma, flavor, texture, or overall acceptability across treatments, indicating that Lactobacillus sp. does not compromise sensory qualities. Economic analysis further highlighted the benefits of this biological treatment, with Lactobacillus sp. yielding the highest return on investment (61.7%), outperforming synthetic chemicals at 37.5% ROI. These findings highlight Lactobacillus sp. as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional fungicides, offering comparable fruit quality and profitability while reducing chemical reliance. This approach aligns with consumer demand for low-chemical produce, particularly in markets such as Japan, and supports environmentally sustainable postharvest disease management.
Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance, Correlation, and Path-Coefficient Analysis for Yield Attributing Traits in Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Mondal, Upama; Naim, Jannatul; Akter, Sadia; Das, Biswajit; Abdullah, Adrita; Aurin, Fauzia Afrin; Hossain, Mohammad Anwar
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.647-662

Abstract

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a promising multifunctional crop renowned for its numerous health benefits. It is essential to comprehend the genetic variability of chia and how various variables impact seed yield to increase its genetic improvement under the agro climatic conditions of Bangladesh. A field experiment was conducted using eight chia genotypes to assess genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advance (GA), as well as the correlation coefficients for eight factors and their level of association with yield. Analysis of variance results showed significant variation for all the traits, i.e., the number of branches per plant, the number of inflorescences per plant, the length of the main inflorescence, the number of seeds per floret, and seed yield per plant, which differed significantly from one another. GPBC 1, BAU Chia 2, BAU Chia 1, and GPBC 3 were found to be promising genotypes for yield-attributing traits. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for seed yield per plant and the number of inflorescences per plant. High heritability coupled with high GA% was recorded for the number of inflorescences per plant and seed yield per plant. Seed yield per plant was positively correlated with the number of inflorescences per plant, the length of the main inflorescence, and plant height, while being negatively correlated with days to first flowering and days to maturity. Plant height and the number of inflorescences per plant had the highest direct positive effect on seed yield per plant as revealed through path analysis. The first four principal components contributed 84% of the total variation. The results of the current research may help choose better genotypes and traits for chia breeding initiatives to increase yield.
Plant Growth, Nitrogen Content, Nitrogen Uptake, and Seed Quality in Six Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) Landraces Rosyad, Astryani; Ilyas, Satriyas; Qadir, Abdul; Suhartanto, M Rahmad; Sopandie, Didy
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.572-583

Abstract

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) is recognized for its nutritional benefits and ability to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. This study evaluated growth performance, nitrogen dynamics, and seed quality across six landraces: Tasikmalaya, Sukabumi, Sumedang, Small Sumedang, Bogor, and Gresik. The experiment was conducted at IPB University’s Sawah Baru experimental field from July 2022 to March 2023. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with four replications. The measured variables were petiole length, number of petioles, number of leaves, leaf greenness, plant dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen uptake in roots, petioles, leaves, and pods, protein content in pods, and seed quality. Results showed significant variation among landraces. Gresik exhibited superior vegetative growth and dry biomass, while Tasikmalaya had the highest pod nitrogen (4.58%) and protein content (28.03%), indicating efficient nitrogen assimilation. Nitrogen analysis revealed distinct uptake patterns across landraces, particularly with Gresik, where a rapid increase in nitrogen suggests that this landrace is well-suited to environments where nitrogen is efficiently fixed and mobilized toward reproductive growth. Sukabumi and Bogor showed the highest germination rates (94%), and Bogor and Gresik had the highest vigor indices (76% and 72%). Overall, Gresik is recommended for balanced performance in growth and seed vigor, while Tasikmalaya is optimal for protein yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
Optimizing Tissue Culture for Yellow Dragon Fruit (Selenicereus megalanthus) Propagation: Enhancing Shoot and Root Induction Dirga, Kate Tiffany; Maryuandini, Ufi; Sachio, Sachio; Sukma, Dewi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.663-671

Abstract

Yellow dragon fruit (Selenicereus megalanthus) "Palora" variety is a tropical cactus recognized for its yellow pericarp, white mesocarp, and black seeds. Dragon fruits are also known as pitaya. The yellow pitaya variant is regarded as the sweetest and most nutrient-dense, with high commercial value among the commonly cultivated pitaya types. However, large-scale cultivation of yellow dragon fruit remains limited by propagation constraints. The conventional propagation method using vegetative stem cuttings is labour-intensive and results in inconsistent growth and genetic variability. Tissue culture has emerged as a viable biotechnological alternative, enabling rapid multiplication of genetically uniform and disease-free plantlets under controlled conditions. The study aimed to optimize tissue culture medium for enhancing shoot induction on yellow dragon fruit. The experiments were conducted in two steps. The first step evaluated the explant response in MS medium containing 3 mg.L-1 BAP and varying NAA concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 1, 2, and 3 mg.L-1). The results showed that an elevation in NAA concentration promoted progressive growth in shoots, roots, and callus. However, when NAA was further augmented to 3 mg.L-1, shoot and root formation were repressed, while callus formation increased. The second step evaluated the combined effects of auxin and cytokinin on shoot formation. A factorial treatment design was applied using combinations of three NAA concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mg.L-1) and three BAP concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mg.L-1), resulting in nine treatment combinations, with the lowest concentration (NAA 1 mg.L-1 + BAP 1 mg.L-1) as the control. Statistical analysis revealed that NAA, BAP, and their interaction had a significant effect on the number of shoots. The optimal treatment for producing the highest number of shoots is a combination of NAA at 3 mg.L-1 and BAP at 2 mg.L-1.
Seasonal Activity of the Pomegranate Fruit Moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller and its Possible Integrated Control in Ain al-Tamr, Karbala Governorate, Iraq Ibrahim, Hussein K.; Mohammed, Akram A.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.695-701

Abstract

The pomegranate fruit moth, E. ceratoniae Zeller, is a significant pest of pomegranate worldwide. Seasonal monitoring and integrated control trials were carried out in pomegranate orchards of Ain al-Tamr, Karbala Governorate (Iraq) during the 2024 growing season (15 May–15 September 2024). Regular adult male f light began in early May and continued until mid September, peaking in mid-August (35.15 male moth per trap) at a mean ambient temperature of 35.85°C and a relative humidity of 20.47%. Field trials evaluated botanical oils (thyme and juniper, 7% v/v), the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (commercial formulation), their combinations, and the insecticide imidacloprid (Imidor 200 SL) under a randomized complete block design. Treatments and monitoring (pheromone traps) were repeated following two sprays (7 June and 7 July 2025). Combined B. bassiana + 7% thyme oil provided control comparable to Imidor, reducing fruit infection to 3.3% and trap captures to 1 male per trap, whereas B. bassiana alone reduced infection to ~10% and trap captures to five males per trap. Overall, treated plots averaged 13.31% infection, compared to 55% in controls, after the second spray. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, post hoc tests) confirmed significant treatment effects. These findings indicate that integrating B. bassiana with botanical oils can effectively reduce E. ceratoniae infestation and may serve as a sustainable alternative to routine chemical control in Ain al-Tamr pomegranate orchards.

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