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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 320 Documents
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Production of Sorghum Seed and Straw Biomass for Feed as Affected by Different Harvesting Ages Nazla Iftikhar; Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti; Nur Rochmah Kumalasari; Luki Abdullah; Amalia, Ghina Tazkia
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.329-334

Abstract

This study evaluated the sorghum “Samurai Two” production for feed harvested at different times after planting during the rainy season. A randomized block design was employed with five groups and five treatments representing different harvesting ages: 90, 95, 100, 105, and 110 days after planting. The variables measured included panicle length, weight, dry weight, seed dry weight per panicle, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds, dry seed production, total fresh and dry weight of panicles, moisture content, and total fresh and dry weight of straw biomass. Harvesting between 90 and 100 DAP resulted in a higher fresh and dry panicle weight, fresh and dry biomass, seed dry weight per panicle, 1000-seed weight, and dry seed production. The optimal seed production for “Samurai Two” occurred at 90 DAP during the rainy season. Conversely, harvesting at 95 DAP significantly increased straw biomass's total fresh and dry weight, with this age being optimal for straw biomass production.
Bibliometric Analysis of a Decade Orchidaceae Research: A Comprehensive Study in the Agriculture Field Tina, Siti Agus; Armini, Ni Made; Krisantini
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.246-259

Abstract

Orchidaceae is a family of flowering plants esteemed in numerous countries globally, so they are a promising subject for further exploration. The evolution of Orchidaceae research over the past decade is a foundation for identifying areas warranting deeper investigation. bibliographic analysis based on the Scopus database was used to elucidate the advancements in research over a decade.  We brought data on an increasing number of publications between 1943 to 2023. About 7139 documents were found about orchid research, and 59% were in agriculture filtered by subject area, from around 2013 until 2023. America and Asia have the most significant number of Orchidaceae species, approximately 12000. However, China stands out with many publications with a high citation rate. Regarding the organization that publishes the journal, from 16204 organizations, the University of Chinese Academy is a prominent contributor characterized by substantial collaboration in advancing orchid research. Furthermore, the co-occurrence and all keywords indicating genetics, biodiversity, and taxonomy have been used as basis research topics in the last ten years. With additional analyses and reviews, this bibliometric analysis demonstrates that the research on Orchidaceae, specifically in agriculture, thrives every decade. Hence, we recommend future orchid conservation and research that should focus on the current gaps in knowledge and practice, including species distributions, management of species, and threats of extinction for developing or creating new cultivars to intensify a high potential commercial value.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ethiopian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes Based on Agronomic Traits Using Cluster and Principal Component Analysis Wale, Sefinew; Dejene, Tiegist; Bayable, Muluken
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.346-364

Abstract

Genetic diversity is essential for barley breeding, enabling the selection of desirable traits for improvement. Previous genetic diversity studies on barley have not been sufficient compared to the genetic resources available in the gene bank and ever-changing weather conditions. This study was therefore conducted to assess the extent of genetic variability and association of agronomic traits in barley genotypes at the Adet and Debark experimental stations during the 2023 main cropping season. Eighty-one barley genotypes were evaluated using a 9x9 simple lattice design. The analysis of variance revealed a high level of variability among barley genotypes. The first four principal components at Adet accounted for 78.4% of the total variation, while the first five components accounted for 80.5% at Debark. Traits such as grain-filling period, plant height, biomass, grain yield at Adet, grain yield, grain-filling period, harvest index, and thousand-seed weight at Debark contributed most to the first two components. The biplot analysis also revealed a strong negative correlation between days to heading and leaf rust severity with grain yield, harvest index, and grain filling period. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, the genotypes were grouped into five clusters at each location, each with a specific trait composition. and clusters I and III (71.84). At Adet, the greatest intercluster distance was between clusters II and IV (75.0), followed by clusters II and III (59.35), while at Debark, it was between clusters III and V (103.98), followed by clusters III and IV (82.14). The greater intercluster distance observed in this study indicates genetic diversity among the barley genotypes. This study also identified high-yielding genotypes (5, 9, 18, 32, 41, 50, 51, 53, 54, 60, 65, 68, 75) with grain yield potentials ranging from 2681.2 kg.ha -1 to 7291.6 kg.ha -1 at Debark and 80.5 kg.ha -1 to 4631.8 kg.ha -1 at Adet. These genotypes show potential as varieties for selection or as parents for hybridization. However, multi-year and multi-location trials are needed to confirm these results.
Impact of Plant Spacing and Fertilization Dose on the Growth and Yield Traits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Sudan Abdalla, Ashraf Izzeldin; Mohammed, Einas Amar Salem; Mahdi, Mahdi Mohammed; Khiery, Nahid Tagelsir
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.268-277

Abstract

This study examines the impact of plant spacing and nitrogen fertilization doses on the growth and yield traits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Sudan. Using a factorial experiment within a completely randomized block design, the research explored four spacing levels within raw, S1, S2, S3, and S4 (20, 25, 30, and 35 cm, respectively) and four nitrogen fertilizer doses, Ur1, Ur2, Ur3 and Ur4 (60, 80, 100, and 120 kg.ha-1 , respectively). Key metrics were measured: plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, pod length, fresh weight, and seed count per pod. The results, analyzed via OPSTAT statistical software and ANOVA, indicated that a 60 cm × 30 cm spacing combined with a nitrogen dose of 60 kg.ha-1 significantly optimized growth parameters and yield components. Specifically, this combination resulted in the tallest plants (15.50 cm), the highest number of leaves (7.30), nodes (7.30), and greater fresh pod weight (7.69 g) and length (5.50 cm). Significant interaction effects between spacing and fertilizer doses were observed across all parameters at a 5% confidence level. The study recommends a 60 cm × 30 cm spacing with a nitrogen dose of 60 kg.ha-1 to maximize okra growth, yield, and quality in Sudan's agroecological zones, supporting sustainable agricultural practices and enhanced productivity. These findings can be directly applied to optimize okra production in Sudan, contributing to the country's agricultural sustainability.
Variability of Agronomic Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines in Two Agroecosystems in Indonesia Herdhani, Mira; Wahyu, Yudiwanti; Trikoesoemaningtyas
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.229-306

Abstract

Wheat is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, yet the country remains heavily reliant on imports to meet domestic demand. The diverse agroclimatic conditions in the highlands and lowlands pose significant challenges for national wheat production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of wheat lines in two distinct altitude environments: Cipanas (1120 m above sea level) and Cisarua (600 m above sea level).  An augmented randomized complete block design (RCBD) assessed 50 F6 wheat lines derived from the HP1744/”Selayar” cross. The results revealed significant variability in agronomic traits attributable to altitude differences. However, genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions were found to be non-significant for all evaluated characters. Broad-sense heritability was classified as medium for the grain-filling period in Cipanas and seed weight of the main panicle in Cisarua, while all other traits exhibited low heritability. Based on the stress sensitivity index (SSI), 14 lines (28%) were identified as tolerant to higher temperatures in the medium-altitude environment, particularly in terms of seed weight of the main panicle. These findings are of utmost importance as they underscore the need to consider genetic and environmental factors in developing wheat cultivars suitable for Indonesia’s diverse agro-climatic conditions.
Agronomic Evaluation and Yield Potentials of Grafting of Piper nigrum and Piper colobrinum Aini , Sitti Nurul; Kurniawati, Ani; Khodijah , Nyayu Siti; Fridahaqi, Rhaisyarara
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.239-245

Abstract

Foot rot disease (Phytophthora capsica) is Indonesia's primary challenge in cultivating pepper (Piper nigrum). Grafting to another Piper species, Piper coclobrinum, or melada (the local name), is a potential solution to increase resistance to this disease. The use of melada as rootstock has shown promising results during the seedling phase, but it has not been thoroughly evaluated during the production phase. The study was conducted in the pepper grower’s location in Puput and Simpang Katis Villages, Central Bangka, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The study used kapok (Ceiba petandra) as the standard; plant morphology, leaf area, leaf thickness, and crown diameter for grafted melada and non-grafted pepper were recorded. Harvest variables included panicle length, panicle weight, the number of fruits per panicle, and fruit diameter, measured in three different areas of the canopy: the lower area (0-1 meter above the ground surface), the middle area (1-2 meters above the ground surface), and the top area (more than 2 meters above the ground surface). Physiological variables measured included rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2, and CO2 conductance. The study demonstrated that the grafted pepper plants had a larger leaf area than the non-grafted pepper plants; the panicle weight and the number of fruits per panicle were higher. Panicles located in the middle zone of the plant canopy tended to be longer for grafted and non-grafted peppers. Panicle weight, fruit size, and the number of fruits per panicle were generally more significant at the top of the plant canopy. In all parts of the canopy, grafted peppers exhibited larger fruit size, greater panicle weight, and a higher number of fruits per panicle than non-grafted “Nyelungkup” peppers, highlighting the potential of melada as a rootstock for pepper plants.
Histological Analysis of Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Zygotic Embryo of Wild Banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis Handayani, Tri; Martanti, Diyah; Prawestri, Apriliana Dyah; Tihurua, Eka Fatmawati; Maharijaya, Awang; Wahyu, Yudiwanti; Sobir; Witjaksono
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.307-319

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis, a crucial plant regeneration method, has become indispensable for crop improvement, particularly for species reliant on somatic cell manipulation techniques. Optimization of this process necessitates an understanding of the developmental stages involved. This study investigates the histological aspects of somatic embryogenesis in Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis derived from immature zygotic embryos. Through detailed histological analysis, we aimed to elucidate the morphological changes and cellular organization occurring during the various stages of somatic embryogenesis, from induction, culture proliferation, and somatic embryo development to plantlet conversion. The initial stages of embryogenesis, characterized by nodules, were primarily composed of meristematic cells with high cell division activity. These cells contained tetrad-like structures that could develop into distinct two- and four-celled proembryoids or proembryogenic aggregates. Our histo-anatomical analysis revealed that embryogenic cultures proliferated through multiple pathways simultaneously: somatic embryo budding, proembryo formation, and pro-embryonic mass formation from both internal and peripheral cells. At the stage of somatic embryo development, embryos with a well-defined protoderm layer, containing cells with prominent nuclei and dense cytoplasm, potentially regenerate into plantlets. Furthermore, histological examination revealed the presence of procambium within mature somatic embryos, which subsequently developed into the vascular system of the complete plantlet
Evaluation of Agronomic and Genetic Diversity in M2V1 Generation of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Nabilah, Noorfakhriyah Ahsanti; Aisyah, Syarifah Iis; Muhamad Syukur; Dewi Sukma
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.278-286

Abstract

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an ornamental plant widely used as a potted or cut flower due to its vibrant colors and diverse flower shapes. High genetic diversity is essential for successful breeding programs aimed at developing superior varieties. Genetic information can be obtained by estimating variance components and heritability values, key parameters in plant breeding. A high heritability value suggests that genetic factors influence a plant's characteristics more than environmental factors. This study assessed the genetic diversity and performance of vegetative propagation from 2nd generation mutant plants (M2V1). The research was conducted at the Pasir Sarongge experimental field in Cianjur Regency from July to October 2023, using a randomized complete block design with 17 genotypes and three replicates. The genotypes included 14 from vegetative propagation of M2V1 mutant plants and three comparison varieties: “Maharani”, “BAIP 2”, and “BAIP 3”. Data analysis was performed using PKBT-STAT 3.1 software, followed by the honest significant difference (HSD) test at the 5% level. The results revealed significant differences among genotypes in plant height, stem diameter, canopy width, leaf width, flower weight, flower diameter, number of flowers per plant, total flower weight per plant, and flower stalk length. Floret types observed were either all ligulate or all tubuligulate, with flower colors ranging from orange to yellow to white. Traits such as canopy width, flower weight, flower diameter, and stalk length, which exhibited broad genetic diversity and high heritability, can be used for selection in future marigold breeding programs.
Morphological Diversity of “Tuni” and “Afo” Cloves, Endemic to the Maluku Islands, Indonesia Lating, Muhammad Fajri; Mahulette, Asri Subkhan; Kilkoda, Abdul Karim Kilkoda
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.335-345

Abstract

“Tuni” and “Afo” cloves are endemic clove varieties from the Maluku islands. Until now, there is still little information on morphological diversity in plant populations and information on the characteristics between the two varieties. The research aims to provide information on the morphological diversity and characteristics of “Tuni” and “Afo” cloves from the Maluku Islands. Morphological characterization of the “Tuni” variety of cloves was carried out at its distribution location on Ambon Island, Maluku Province. In contrast, “Afo” cloves were characterized at their distribution location on Ternate Island, North Maluku Province. The research was carried out in July 2023-May 2024. The used for morphological identification was the modified Tropical Fruit Descriptors. The characterized clove plants consisted of 30 “Tuni” clove plants and 30 “Afo” clove plants, so a total of 60 plants were characterized. The results of the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) based on 54 morphological characters that were carried out showed two groups with a dissimilarity coefficient of 44%. The first group is a group of “Tuni” clove accessions, which are clustered with a similarity of 91%, and the second group is a group of “Afo” clove accessions, which are clustered with a similarity of 90%. The results of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) obtained a total diversity of 75.4%, where the specific characteristics of “Tuni” cloves obtained were stem bark color, crown shape, branching angle, leaf thickness, old leaf color, shoot color, leaf petiole tip color, flower stalk weight, flower length, flower tube diameter. The specific characteristics of “Afo” cloves obtained from PCA are plant height, stem circumference, North-South canopy width, East-West canopy width, leaf length, leaf texture, leaf spiciness, ripe picked flower color, picked ripe flower crown color, ripe fruit color, and color seed.
Impact of Salinity Stress on Soybean Growth and Yield under Saturated Soil Culture in Tidal Lands: A Comparative Study of Tolerant Varieties Nasution, Siti Nurminah; Ghulamahdi, Munif; Melati, Maya
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.287-298

Abstract

Salinity stress, intensified by climate change events such as El Niño and drought, presents a significant challenge to soybean production in tidal lands. This study evaluated soybean varieties’ growth, tolerance, and yield under varying salinity conditions within a saturated water cultivation system. The experiment was conducted from February to May 2024 at the IPB Experimental Station in Leuwikopo, Bogor, Indonesia, using soil samples collected from type B tidal lands in Mulyasari Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with three factors and three replications each. The first factor was soybean variety (“Demas-1” and “Detap-1”), the second was soil salinity (0 and 2000 ppm NaCl), and the third was irrigation salinity at different growth stages (control, 2000 ppm NaCl before/during flowering, and 2000 ppm NaCl after flowering). The results demonstrated that the “Demas-1” variety exhibited superior growth characteristics, including higher leaf greenness, dry weight of root nodules, and number of filled pods per plant. Exposure to soil salinity of 2000 ppm NaCl led to a significant reduction in plant height (29.38%), leaf number (38.01%), leaf greenness (28.67%), dry weight (49.90%-60.80%), and filled pods per plant (55.51%), while increasing plant toxicity (108%). Irrigation with 2000 ppm NaCl further exacerbated these negative impacts, resulting in decreased leaf greenness (15.42%-18.06%) and filled pods per plant (17.84%-23.94%). The interaction between soybean variety, soil salinity, and irrigation salinity significantly influenced the number of filled pods per plant. The combination of any soybean variety with 2000 ppm NaCl resulted in a reduction of filled pods per plant. Moreover, applying saline irrigation after flowering to saline soil decreased the number of filled pods per plant by 64.68%. These findings highlight the critical importance of selecting tolerant soybean varieties and implementing effective irrigation management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on soybean production in tidal lands.

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