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INDONESIA
JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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The Effect of Cooking Treatment on Antioxidant Activity in Soybean Tempeh Yulianti Annisa Safitri; Agustina L. N. Aminin; Nies Suci Mulyani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 11 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 11 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.405-411

Abstract

Indonesian people consume tempeh through various processing methods. Food processing by cooking has been reported to reduce the bioactive capacity contained in food ingredients. This study investigated the effects of food processing (frying, steaming, roasting, sautéing, and boiling) on antioxidants in soybean tempeh. The antioxidant activity of processed tempeh was measured using DPPH and reducing power methods. The results showed that the highest inhibition activity of the processed tempeh was achieved by roasting and boiling (40%). The roasting method yielded tempeh with the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Thus, the cooking method considerably influences the antioxidants contained in tempeh. The findings showed that tempeh processed through roasting and boiling has the highest antioxidant activity. The total phenolic and flavonoid profiles are not in line with antioxidant activity, which indicates that the contributors to antioxidant activity are not only phenolic compounds. The increase in antioxidant activity in soybean tempeh is suspected to be influenced by the non-phenolic bioactive peptide compounds found in tempeh.
Synthesis of Chitosan Derivative Compounds Through Chloroacetic Acid and Heparin Grafting and Their Application as Membrane Materials with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Shihandhanu Primadian Taqwa; Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi; Retno Ariadi Lusiana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 11 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 11 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.412-418

Abstract

A chitosan membrane modified with chloroacetic acid with heparin (hep) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been successfully prepared. Chitosan was modified with chloroacetic acid through a nucleophilic substitution reaction to form N-carboxyl methyl chitosan (N-CMC) and then combined with PVA. N-CMC/PVA grafting with heparin was conducted using the immersion method and produced N-CMC/PVA.g.Hep membrane. This study aims to obtain a membrane with the best chemical and physical characteristics and the highest creatinine transport. Membrane characterization includes water absorption test, tensile strength, thickness, biodegradation, resistance to pH, and transport of creatinine and vitamin B12. Chemical characterization of active groups and morphology using FTIR and SEM. The characterization results show that the reaction of grafting chitosan using chloroacetic acid produces N-carboxymethyl chitosan (N-CMC). The N-CMC/PVA membrane has a creatinine transport capacity of 19.61%. The N–CMC/PVA.g.Hep membrane has a creatinine transport capacity of 24.81%. Supporting PVA improves the hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of the membrane.
Interaction Mechanism of Inhibition of Palmitic Acid and α Selinene Targeting FabH and FabI Enzymes in Escherichia coli: In Silico Study Tia Aulia; Nies Suci Suci Mulyani; Mukhammad Asy'ari
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 12 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 12 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.427-435

Abstract

Investigation studies of the interaction mechanism of palmitic acid and α-selinene in inhibiting FabH and FabI enzymes have been studied using an in silico approach. FabH (Beta-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase III) and FabI (Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) enzymes are two enzymes that are targets for the inhibition of candidate antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to determine the strongest candidate between palmitic acid and α-selinene as an antibacterial agent for Escherichia coli. The method used in this study is a random and directed molecular docking method using the Autodock Vina program, which is integrated into PyRx 0.8 software. The results of the molecular docking simulation include the pattern and strength of interaction between the ligand and the FabI and FabH enzymes. The interaction pattern includes the cluster pattern, the ligand poses on the protein surface, and the interaction strength based on the binding affinity value. Based on the results of random docking simulation data analysis, it was shown that the majority of α-selinene occupied the position of cluster 1 of the FabI enzyme and palmitic acid in cluster 2 of the FabH enzyme. Based on the binding affinity value, palmitic acid has a weaker interaction strength on the FabH enzyme (-5.7 kcal/mol) than on the FabI enzyme (-7.1 kcal/mol). The interaction strength of α-selinene on the FabI enzyme (-7.3 kcal/mol) was stronger than that of the FabH enzyme (-6.9 kcal/mol). The interaction strength of α-selinene in both FabI and FabH enzymes was greater than that of palmitic acid. α-selinene is projected to have a better potential as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli than palmitic acid based on its greater interaction strength.
Synthesis of Lead Oxide Using the Oxidizing Agent (NH4)2S2O8 with Variaous Amounts of NaOH for Decolorization of Remazol Black B Solution Meiske Erdinarini Anggita; Abdul Haris; Didik Setiyo Widodo
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 12 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 12 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.436-441

Abstract

In this study, the lead oxide has been successfully synthesized using oxidizing agents (NH4)2S2O8 and applied to decolorize the Remazole Black B (RBB) solution. Lead oxide was synthesized by the batch method through the mechanism of reduction-oxidation and characterized using SEM-EDX and XRD. Decolorizing RBB solution was performed using a modified Fenton method. This study aims to determine the optimum performance of RBB decolorization from lead oxide. The results showed that the crystal formed contains Pb and O. Pb oxide obtained was α-PBO2 with the orthorhombic crystal system. Based on characterization, the lead oxide obtained has a surface morphology of coral flowers-like. Synthesis utilizing equilibrium composition (1:2) and a drying temperature of 100°C yielded Pb oxide, which has a better potential as a modifier in RBB decolorization with a decolorization percentage of 80.07%. The process was then carried out for advanced synthesis less and excess of molar variations. The ratio of lead oxide: NaOH (1:4) showed optimum performance in decolorizing RBB with a decolorization percentage of 80.07 %.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Sand Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) Extracts using Wet Rendering Extraction Method Nunik Gustini; Diah Anggraini Wulandari; Fauzy Rachman; Eris Septiana; Siti Irma Rahmawati; Gita Syahputra; Martha Sari; Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 1 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 1 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.1.1-9

Abstract

Antioxidant and anticancer activities of sand sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (dried and fresh) extracts were studied. The highest extraction yield of sea cucumber H. scabra (3.9%) was obtained using dried H. scabra at 60oC. The highest antioxidant activity was found in fresh H. scabra extract at 60°C with an IC50 value of 629.89 ± 0.15 µg/mL using the ABTS method, and the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method was found in dried H. scabra extract at 70°C with an IC50 value of 32017.18 ± 0.82 µg/mL. The best antioxidant activity based on FRAP and TBARS methods was found in fresh H. scabra extracts at 80°C, respectively. The highest total phenol and flavonoid contained in dried H. scabra extract were 317.54 ± 8.91 mg GAE/100 g sample and 247.56 ± 11.70 mg QE/100 g sample. H. scabra extracts inhibited more than 50% of the growth of the MDA-MB-231 cell line at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/mL except for dried H. scabra extracts at 80°C. Similarly, the extracts showed the highest cytotoxic effect up to 100% at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL) except for dried H. scabra extracts at 70°C and 80°C.
Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Enny Fachriyah; Ifan Bagus Haryanto; Dewi Kusrini; Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono; Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 1 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 1 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.1.10-18

Abstract

The community uses cassava leaves for cooking because of their high protein content, β-carotene, Fe, Mg, Zn, S, Ca, Zn, Ni, and K. Cassava leaves contain various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, steroids, anthocyanins, and anthraquinones. The antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds in cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has been successfully investigated. This study consisted of six stages: the preparation of ethanol extract of cassava leaves, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid content in the extract, isolation of flavonoids, and purity testing of flavonoid isolates using the chromatographic method, identification of the structure of pure flavonoid isolates using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the addition of a shear reagent, FTIR, and LC-MS/MS. As well as test the antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The yield of ethanol extract from cassava leaf in this study was 14.67%. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that the cassava leaves and the ethanol extract of cassava leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, phenolics, and triterpenoids. The total content of flavonoids in the ethanol extract was 35.71 mg EQ/g extract. UV-Vis, FTIR, and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the flavonoid isolate was quercetin. The results of the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract and BC isolate showed IC50 of 81.76 ± 0.505 mg/L and 77.85 ± 4.708 mg/L.
Fabrication of Polystyrene Sulfonate-Chitosan (PSS-Chitosan) Membrane as Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (DBS) Adsorbent in Laundry Wastewater Mandrea Nora; Adyatma Bhagaskara; Virna Agustisari; Alice Lim; Hardian Ridho Alfalah; Dwi Siswanta
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 1 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 1 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.1.19-27

Abstract

The combination of polystyrene and chitosan can form polyelectrolyte (PE) membranes. Polystyrene sulfonate-chitosan (PSS-chitosan) adsorbent membrane can adsorb dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS) in laundry wastewater. This study aimed to synthesize, identify characteristics, and formulate adsorption effectiveness by PSS-chitosan membranes. The research methods included converting polystyrene into PSS, isolating chitosan, optimizing geometry, making PSS-chitosan membranes, studying adsorption, and applying membranes to laundry wastewater. The resulting membrane was characterized using FTIR and SEM. The results of the infrared spectra showed vibrations of –OH and –NH2 groups at 3418 cm–1, while the SEM image showed a homogeneous membrane surface. The quality of chitosan isolation from shrimp shells was indicated by the degree of deacetylation of 61.3%. The results of the geometry optimization showed the change in the structure’s total energy after adsorption. The PSS-chitosan membrane is resistant to acids but decomposes under alkaline conditions. Optimum adsorption of PSS-chitosan membrane on DBS occurred at pH 8 for 100 minutes. The adsorption kinetics of the PSS-chitosan membrane follows the first pseudo-order equation. PSS-chitosan membrane adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir isotherm model with an adsorption capacity and efficiency of 3.97 mg.g–1 and 76.6%, respectively, at 0.6 ppm. At the application stage, the PSS-chitosan membrane could adsorb DBS in laundry wastewater by (62.4 ± 7.2) %.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid Concentration on Cu2O Production for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting on Photocathode Thin Films Kharisma Luthfiaratri Rahayu; Abdul Haris; Gunawan Gunawan
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 12 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 12 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.442-449

Abstract

Hydrogen energy has great potential as a renewable energy source. Electrochemical water-splitting can be employed to obtain hydrogen by converting solar energy into hydrogen. In this study, Cu2O thin film electrodes have been successfully synthesized using ascorbic acid using the spin coating method. This study aimed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid in manufacturing Cu2O semiconductors as photocathodes and their activity for electrochemical water-splitting. The results indicated that ascorbate affected the photon current and onset potential of the Cu2O semiconductor. The synthesis results found that Cu2O at C1 (lower concentration than Cu2+) yielded 95.69%, and the yield for Cu2O at C2 (concentration equal to Cu2+) was 96.2%. The yield for Cu2O at C3 (concentration greater than Cu2+) was 99.82%. The photon currents generated by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% ascorbate solution were 1.18, 1.69, and 1.78 mA/cm2, respectively, at 0.3 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the sample consisted of Cu2O C3 with an average grain size of 17.55 nm. Meanwhile, Cu2O C1 and Cu2O C2 had average grain sizes of 38.99 nm and 36.42 nm, respectively. SEM analysis showed the presence of Cu2O with a cuboid and flower-like morphology. EDX analysis showed that the samples contained elements of Cu: O, 73.97%: 26.03%; 79.89%: 20.11% and 98.43%: 1.57% respectively.
Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Microwave Assistance and Its Application as Photocatalyst in Degrading Methylene Blue Wahyu Firmansya Nursalam; Lidya Irma Momuat; Henry Fonda Aritonang
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 1 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 1 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.1.28-33

Abstract

The research has been carried out on synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with the help of microwaves. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in the microwave at 100°C with heating times of 50, 90, 130, 170, and 210 minutes. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The results were analyzed for their ability as a photocatalyst against methylene blue (MB) solution using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the synthesized product was a combination of ZnO and Zn(OH) 2, as supported by XRD ICSD data no. 31052. However, the analysis results with EDS showed that the synthesized product only contained Zn and O elements, indicating that the product had ZnO. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized for 170 minutes of heating showed the highest ability to degrade MB of 85.8247% with a contact time of 150 minutes, while heating times of 50, 90, 130, and 210 minutes had percentage of MB degradation of 84.6065%, 81.0130%, 82.0866%, and 82.9275%, respectively.
Isolation and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compound in Ethanolic Extract of Celery Leaves (Apium graveolens L.) Alifa Husnun Kholieqoh; Khairul Anam; Dewi Kusrini
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 12 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 12 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.450-455

Abstract

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family and is widely used as a medical plant for low blood pressure, heart tonic, and to prevent cardiovascular disease. This study aims to obtain flavonoid compounds, identify, and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds and crude extracts from celery leaves. The research procedures consisted of four steps, the first of which was a preliminary test. The second step involved isolating and separating flavonoid components by vacuum liquid chromatography, gravitational column chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography. The third step was to identify flavonoid compounds using reagent shift, FTIR, and LCMS/MS. And finally, antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The preliminary test result showed that the ethanolic extract of leaves and stems had a total flavonoid content of 13.99 and 2.46 mg QE/g of dry weight. Both dry leaves and crude extract of celery leaves contained alkaloids, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, quinone, and steroid/triterpenoid, as determined by phytochemical screening. Isolation and separation of flavonoids yielded A2.I and A2.II isolates, with respective weights of 8 mg and 14 mg. Identification of flavonoid compounds using reagent shift showed that two isolates have the basic structure of the flavone group. A2.I isolate had OH groups at 4’, 5, and 7, while A2.II isolate had OH groups at 3’, 4’, 5, and 7. The FTIR analysis revealed that both compounds contain functional groups, including O-H, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O ether, C-O alcohol, and C-H aromatic ring. According to LCMS/MS analysis, the molecular weights of A2.I and A2.II were 270 g/mol and 286 g/mol, respectively. All of the identification methods for isolates showed that A2.I was apigenin and A2.II was luteolin. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method for a viscous extract of celery leaves, A2.I, and A2.II were 775.41, 288.95, and 184.35 µg/mL, respectively.

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