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INDONESIA
JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Insulinotropic Activities of Several Leaves Extracts of Medicinal Plants Amelia Marzanti; Riska Widya Aprianti; Silmi Mariya; Rachmitasari Noviana; Eti Rohaeti; Irma Herawati Suparto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 1 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 1 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.1.34-38

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and cancer is increasing; thus, research into efficient treatments utilizing active compounds derived from medicinal plants has focused on these diseases. Through the agro maritime 4.0 approach, medicinal plants are explored in the archipelago of Indonesia, particularly on Tinjil Island, Banten Province. The medicinal plants identified on the island include Morinda citrifolia, Terminalia catappa, and Gnetum gnemon. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro of aqueous extracts of leaves of those three plant species. All aqueous extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content and further tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), MTT cytotoxic activity (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2- 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide) in MCF-7- (ATCC HTB 22) and Burkitt’s Lymphoma Raji (ATCC CCL 86) cells, and insulinotropic activity in pancreatic BRIN BD11 cells. The results showed that the total phenolic content of T. catappa was significantly higher (9.21 ± 2.49 mg GAE/g extract sample) compared to M. citrifolia (3.00 ± 0.35 mg GAE/g) and G. gnemon (7.47 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g). Compared to the other two extracts, T. catappa extract has the best DPPH antioxidant activity of IC50 7.44 ± 0.77 µg/mL (p<0.05). MTT cytotoxic activity in all samples did not inhibit the proliferation of Raji cells but did the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The IC50 for the best cytotoxic activity was shown in M. citrifolia (8.06 µg/mL). T. catappa triggered insulin secretion at 62.5 µg/mL with the highest insulin concentration (54.55 mg/mL). The aqueous extract of T. catappa leaves shows potential as an antioxidant and insulinotropic agent, while M. citrifolia leaves have a cytotoxic effect with anticancer potential.
Isolation, Identification, and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds in the Ethanol Extract in Bandotan Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides) Siti Mutingatun; Enny Fachriyah; Dewi Kusrini
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 12 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 12 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.456-466

Abstract

Isolation of flavonoid compounds from the ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) has been successfully conducted. The structure of flavonoid isolates was identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with the addition of shear reagents and FTIR. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the isolates was determined and studied using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds from Bandotan leaves. An antioxidant activity test was carried out on ethanol extract, and flavonoid isolates using the DPPH method. Based on this research, Bandotan leaf ethanol extract yielded 13.964%. The results of the phytochemical screening test revealed that the leaf powder and ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves was 129.27 mg EQ/g extract. Identification of flavonoid isolates using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that flavonoid isolates belong to the flavanone compound class with maximum absorption at a wavelength of 315 nm (band I) and 280 nm (band II). FTIR analysis showed that the flavonoid isolates had functional groups O-H, C-H aromatics, C-H alkanes, C=O, C=C aromatics, C-O ethers, C-O alcohols, and substituted aromatic rings. Identification of the structure of flavonoid isolates with a spectrophotometer with the addition of shear reagent and FTIR, presumably that the isolate was a 4’-hydroxy flavanone compound. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 118.19 µg/mL) and was classified as very weak (IC50 1185.5 µg/mL).
Synthesis of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) Using Silica from Rice Husk and Calcium Carbonate from Limestone Anwar Jaman; Muhammad Ulin Nuha ABA; Oksita Asri Widyayanti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 2 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 2 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.2.64-69

Abstract

White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) was produced using silica as the initial material extracted from rice husk ash and calcium carbonate limestone. This research was initiated by calcinating rice husk ash at 700°C for 3 hours. Silica extraction was performed using 2 M NaOH and added HCl. The extract precipitate was washed using deionized water. Calcium carbonate was made from limestone using 1 M HNO3 and NH3 and continued with carbonation. WMTA was produced by mixing SiO2, CaCO3, and Al2O3. The mixture was homogenized with deionized water and heated, then pellets calcined made at a temperature of 1000°C, and calcination products were added Bi2O3. Synthesized WMTA characterized using TGA/DSC, FTIR, and XRD showed the presence of Ca3SiO5, Ca2SiO4, and Ca3Al2O6 phases, which were like ProRoot’s WMTA.
A New Combination Method of N-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesis for Heavy Metal Ions Cr(VI) Photoreduction Applications Diana Vanda Wellia; M. Rafli Habibillah; Atika Syafawi; Rizka Rahmadini; Rahmayeni Rahmayeni; Nurul Pratiwi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 2 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 2 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.2.70-78

Abstract

Through a combination of biosynthetic and hydrothermal methods, N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst has been successfully synthesized using various concentrations of ammonia as a nitrogen source, namely 10% w/w (NTO10), 20% w/w (NTO20), 35% w/w (NTO35), and 50% w/w (NTO50). The synthesis of TiO2 was conducted using Aloe vera (L) Burm F. rind extract as a natural capping agent via the biosynthetic method, followed by a nitrogen doping process via the hydrothermal method. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all phases were anatase. According to the results of the UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) analysis using the Tauc-Plot method, all N-doped TiO2 samples showed a decrease in the energy gap compared to the TO sample. This indicates that the doping of TiO2 using nitrogen has been successfully doped into TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2 was evaluated for the photoreduction of the Cr(VI) model pollutant using a 24-watt LED lamp as a visible light source for 120 minutes. The results indicate that the NTO35 is the best-prepared N-doped TiO2, which showed a reduced rate for the Cr (VI) model pollutant of 50.88%, or two times greater than that of undoped TiO2.
Eco-Friendly Chitosan-Based Biodiesel Heterogeneous Catalyst Support Membrane Retno Ariadi Lusiana; Rahmad Nuryanto; Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya; Resa Putri Sherina; Dilla Dayanti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 2 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 2 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.2.39-49

Abstract

A chitosan-polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30 (Cs-PVP.K30) membrane was prepared as a heterogeneous catalyst supporting membrane in the transesterification process in the production of biodiesel from palm oil and methanol through the blend reaction between chitosan (Cs) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30 polymer (PVP K-30). Several membranes were characterized by their physicochemical and catalytic properties. Based on physicochemical data, it was found that including the carbonyl group from PVP K-30 into the chitosan framework correlated with an increase in porosity, hydrophilicity, water absorption, and the degree of swelling of the membrane. The results of the analysis using Fourier Transmittance Infra-red (FTIR) showed the spectra of carbonyl (-C=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups at wavenumbers 1648 cm-1 and 3363 cm-1, which shows that the reaction of chitosan alloy with PVP K-30 has been successfully carried out. The catalytic site of the Cs-PVP K30-NaOH membrane in the biodiesel production process was studied under several conversion conditions. It was found that the conversion of biodiesel reached 93.90% with a reaction time of 90 minutes, a temperature of 65°C, and an oil/methanol mole ratio of 1:7.
Effect of NaOH Concentration Toward the Characteristics of Activated Natural Zeolite from Blitar – East Java Andi Nafis An Naafi; Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto; Yuniar Ponco Prananto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 2 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 2 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.2.50-56

Abstract

This study discusses the activation of natural zeolite from Blitar City – East Java using NaOH solution (0.5 M and 1.0 M). Characteristics of unactivated and activated zeolites were also investigated, as well as the effect of the activator (NaOH solution) on functional groups, element composition, pore size, specific surface area, and total pore volume. FTIR spectroscopy, XRF, and gas physisorption were conducted to support the study. Experimental data showed that: (1) the major functional groups were observed at 1250-780 cm-1 in the infrared spectra, in which the unactivated and the activated zeolite were not significantly different; (2) the elemental composition of zeolite (Si and Al) tended to decrease after the activation process; (3) the pore size of the activated zeolite increased while the surface area and total pore volume decreased. Based on this study, activated zeolite (AZB-1.0) showed the optimum result: the pore size increased by 4.12847 nm, and the total pore volume did not decrease significantly by 0.04987 cc/g.
Potential of Prenylated Flavonoid Derivatives from Jackfruit Roots (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) as Liver Anticancer Candidates: In Silico Study Richa Mardianingrum; Meylany Sity Rossy Lestary; Nur Aji; Ruswanto Ruswanto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 2 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 2 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.2.57-63

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, is the fourth largest cancer in Indonesia, with 21,392 new cases and around 20,920 deaths. One of the standard drugs for liver cancer patients is lenvatinib, but lenvatinib has dangerous side effects such as hypertension. Previous studies reported that jackfruit root extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) contains prenylated flavonoid compounds known to have anticancer activity. This study aims to find compounds that have the potential to the anticancer liver from jackfruit root by understanding the interaction between prenylated flavonoid derivative compounds against the VEGFR2 receptor (PDB ID: 3WZE) in silico. The methods include toxicity and pharmacokinetic screening, drug scanning, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. The toxicity, pharmacokinetic, and drug scans of cycloartocarpesin are better than lenvatinib. The docking cycloartocarpesin compound showed ∆G -8.49 kcal/mol and Ki 0.59967 M lower than lenvatinib by forming the same hydrogen bond at residue Glu885. The molecular dynamics simulation of the cycloartocarpesin compound in the MM-GBSA calculation method resulted in a ∆Gtotal of -56.641 kcal/mol. The cycloartocarpesin compound is predicted to be used as a candidate for liver anticancer drugs because it has better stability and affinity than lenvatinib.
An Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Capsicum chinense Jacq. as A Bio-reducing Agent Boyfannie Ivan Putra; Hermin Sulistyarti; Rurini Retnowati; Mohamad Rafi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 3 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 3 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.3.101-108

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become popular due to their unique properties that can be used as biosensors, composite fibers, semiconductor materials, and other medical applications. Green synthesis of AgNPs using natural reagents from plant extract offers advantages as an efficient and environmentally friendly technique by which the compounds from the extract perform as bio-reductor for silver ions and the capping agent for stabilizing the AgNPs. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to conduct the synthesis of AgNPs by utilizing an extract of Capsicum chinensie Jacq as the bioreductor. The effect of extract concentrations, duration of exposure to sunlight, and temperatures on AgNPs formation was studied to obtain the optimum synthesis condition. The biosynthesized AgNPs characteristics were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, X-Ray Diffraction, and PSA. The results showed that the higher extract concentration produced smaller AgNPs. The synthesis under sunlight exposure showed more product of AgNPs compared to heating on a hot plate. The optimum conditions of biosynthesis of AgNPs were attained at the volume ratio of extract (20%) and AgNO3 (1mM) of 1:1 and duration of sunlight exposure of 90 min, resulting in AgNPs characterized with maximum wavelength 422 nm and average particle sizes of 67.94 nm.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of 3-Thiocyanate-1H-Indoles Derived Compounds as Antileukemia by AM1, PM3, and RM1 Methods Ponco Iswanto; Irvan Maulana Firdaus; Ahmad Fawwaz Dafaulhaq; Ahmad Ghifari Ramadhani; Maylani Permata Saputri; Heny Ekowati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 3 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 3 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.3.109-117

Abstract

Cancer is a disease with fatal consequences; thus, searching for innovative compounds with anticancer properties remains an active pursuit. One of the highly promising candidates is a compound derived from 3-thiocyanato-1H-indoles. However, the number of derivative compounds is currently limited. A quantitative structure and activity relationship (QSAR) study was conducted on derivate compounds 3-thiocyanato-1H-indoles to establish equations that predict the anticancer activity of more effective derivatives. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the AM1 (Austin Model 1), PM3 (Parameterized Model 3), and RM1 (Recife Model 1) semiempirical methods, which are new techniques implemented in the Hyperchem version 8.0. Twenty experimental data were used, 16 derivatives of 3-thiocyanate-1H-indoles as regression compounds (fitting) and four derivates as test compounds. QSAR analysis was performed based on multiple linear regression calculations on 3-thiocyanate-1H-indoles derivative compounds by plotting IC50 (µM) as the dependent variable and descriptors as the independent variable. The best QSAR equation was obtained from the AM1 semiempirical calculation method with the following equation: IC50 = -1.705 + 0.511(Delta) + 0.346(Dipol) + 18.287(qC9) – 0.645(Log P) + 13.952(qC6), with n =20; r =0.814; r2 =0.662; The standard error (SE) =1.044; Fcount/Ftable =1.851; PRESS =15.219.
Extraction of Silica (SiO2) from Rare-Earth Metal Zircon (ZrSiO4) as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Material Putri Lestari; Rhiska Aria Berliani; Erlangga Aria Pratama; Ridwan Assabila Al-Jannata; Desy Vita Pratiwi; Hendri Widiyandari
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 3 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 3 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.3.79-84

Abstract

Zircon is a rare metal natural mineral composed of zirconia and silica. The silica content in zircon can be used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of the low cost and high theoretical capacity. Silica is obtained from the extraction process of zircon with 5M NaOH solution with aging time variation to determine the silica surface area. The SiO2/C composite was obtained from the solid state reaction process of a mixture of silica and graphite. The silica results obtained were tested for characteristics using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Surface area analyzer (SAA), and Scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX). Test the battery performance to find the number of cycles, capacity, voltage, and battery current using Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Continuous discharging current (CDC) tests. The highest silica yield and optimal surface area were obtained at 24 hours aging time variation of 8,721 m2/g with percentages of O 36.48% and Si 18.04%, and battery performance test with the highest capacity of 222.7 mAh/g on silica aging time variation 18 hours.

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