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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Tyrosinase Inhibitory of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Morus Nigra Leaves Extract Tunas Alam; Ricky Ardiansyah; Sharfina Maulidayanti; Deva Azvara; Frida Octavia Purnomo; Dicky Annas
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 3 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 3 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.3.85-90

Abstract

A novel preparation of silver nanoparticles using Morus nigra leaves extract, as opposed to the physical and chemical methods had been used in this work. Their active phytochemical compounds will reduce Ag+ and form AgNPs (Ag0). A peak spectrum at 460 nm was formed and confirmed as the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Vibration at 1643 cm-1 and 3286 cm-1 which characteristic of C=C bonds and (-OH) hydroxyl groups, respectively. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination of silver with good crystallinity revealed its distinctive pattern. According to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the produced AgNPs-Morus nigra leaves extract were between 10 and 20 nm in size. Using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate, the synthesized AgNPs-Morus nigra were tested for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and the results are substantial when compared to kojic acid as a control. The percentages of inhibition from crude extract, AgNPs, and kojic acid at 100 µg/mL are to be found at 12.10 %, 64.80 %, and 59.84 %, respectively. Based on the results of this work, AgNPs can be produced by utilizing a green synthesis method with leaves extract, making them a promising candidate for use in medicine and cosmetics.
Thermal Properties of Acetylated Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) Pulp – Polypropylene Biocomposites Wida Banar Kusumaningrum; Sukma Surya Kusumah; Ismadi Ismadi; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 3 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 3 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.3.91-100

Abstract

Thermal properties are important factors to determine the proper manufacturing, processing, and storing of biocomposites. Therefore, the thermal properties of the biocomposite made from acetylated betung bamboo pulp and polypropylene (PP) were investigated. The biocomposite was manufactured by hot pressing at 180 oC for 2 minutes and the fiber contents of the acetylated bamboo pulp used were 10 and 20% according to PP weight. The influence of acetylation and fiber content of bamboo pulp on the thermal properties of the biocomposite were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results showed that acetylated bamboo pulp-PP biocomposite’s were higher than its pure and untreated biocomposites. The rate of crystallization growth of the acetylated bamboo pulp-PP biocomposites was faster up to 4.5 fold than pure PP composite. In addition, its acetylated bamboo pulp-PP had higher onset and maximum decomposition temperature than its untreated fiber-PP biocomposites but lower than PP. According to the results, the best thermal properties of biocomposite were obtained by acetylation of bamboo pulp with 10% fiber content.   
The Correlation between Dye absorption Wavelength and Illumination Wavelength on DSSC Performance Hery Suyanto; Manuntun Manurung; I Putu Tedy Indrayana; Fiar Tri Santika
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 4 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 4 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.4.118-124

Abstract

This study examines the effect of the wavelength of light illuminated on DSSC on the absorption wavelength and gap dye energy. The dye used was sea lettuce anthocyanin from Sanur Beach, Bali. As much as 20 grams of dried sea lettuce powder was dissolved in 80 mL of 96% ethanol and 6% HCl. After 24 hours of immersion, it was filtered with Whatman 41 paper. The filtrate was characterized using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer so that the absorption wavelengths of the anthocyanin dye were 272.5 nm, 417 nm, and 653.5 nm. The gap energy was calculated using the Tauc Plot method, and the result was 2.826 eV. The dye was applied to make DSSC using the sandwich method, which was then irradiated with white, red, and purple LEDs with respective wavelengths of 400–700 nm (with peaks at 439.67 nm and 550.29 nm), 629.04 nm and 425.38 nm and variations in intensity values, namely 1000 lux, 2000 lux, and 3000 lux. Illumination using purple LEDs produces the maximum current and highest efficiency compared to white and red, namely 1.33 mA, 1.57 mA, and 1.83 mA for 1000 lux, 2000 lux, and 3000 lux, respectively, and the efficiency is 0.0039 for 1000 lux. The purple color has a wavelength close to and intersects with the absorbance wavelength of the dye and has energy (2.918 eV) greater than the gap energy of the sea lettuce dye.
Synthesis of magnetite using petai (Parkia speciosa) peel extract with ultrasonic waves as reusable catalysts for biodiesel production from waste frying oil Maya Rahmayanti; Annisa Nurul Syakina; Triastuti Sulistyaningsih; Budi Hastuti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 4 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 4 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.4.125-132

Abstract

Magnetite synthesis using petai (Parkia speciosa) peel extract using the sonochemical method (Fe3O4-PPE) has been successfully carried out. Fe3O4-PPE is applied as a catalyst in biodiesel production. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of Fe3O4-PPE and its ability as a reusable catalyst in biodiesel production using waste frying oil as the primary raw material. Characterization of Fe3O4-PPE was carried out using FTIR, XRD, and PSA instruments. Biodiesel was produced in 3 reaction cycles with the same Fe3O4-PPE catalyst. The results of the FTIR characterization showed that the Fe3O4-PPE catalyst had Fe-O bonds from Fe3O4 and -OH phenolic groups, -C-O, -C=C aromatic compounds derived from petai peel extract. The crystal size of the Fe3O4-PPE catalyst based on the results of calculations using Debye-Scherrer from the XRD chromatogram is 9.41 nm. The particle size of the Fe3O4-PPE catalyst based on analysis using PSA was divided into three groups, namely, 5.4 nm, 195 nm, and 2702.6 nm. Fe3O4-PPE was successfully used as a reusable catalyst for three cycles of biodiesel production using waste frying oil as raw material. The characteristics of Fe3O4-PPE before and after being used as a catalyst did not change. Based on GC-MS analysis, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition of biodiesel is palmitic acid and oleic acid.
Study of Synthesis and Performance of Clay and Clay-Manganese Monoliths for Mercury Ion Removal from Water Aula Chairunnisak; Darmadi Darmadi; Adisalamun Adisalamun; Mukramah Yusuf; Syawaliah Mukhtar; Ulfa Rijal Safitri; Opie Azza Shafira
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 4 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 4 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.4.133-142

Abstract

The pollution caused by mercury (Hg) is a matter of concern regarding worldwide ecosystems and public health. It is dangerous as it is highly poisonous and has more ways to get exposed than other heavy metal ions. Recently, the application of biomaterials with varying structures and designs for mercury adsorption has grown. In this research, clay monoliths (CM) and clay-manganese monoliths (CMM) were synthesized, investigated, and compared regarding their ability to adsorb mercury ions from water to determine the most effective adsorbents. CM and CMM were extruded through a stainless-steel molder with dimensions of 7 holes, 9 mm in radius, and 20 mm in height. The surface morphologies of both adsorbents were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of contact time (40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 minutes) and initial concentrations (3–5 mg/L) were applied to evaluate both adsorption processes. The experiment was conducted in a batch reactor using a monolithic adsorbent that operated for 240 minutes. The experimental equilibrium data of the adsorption were examined with Langmuir and Freundlich models to find the best-fit isotherm. In the kinetic study, the pseudo-first-order was investigated in both linear and nonlinear models. The adsorption results showed that CMM had the highest adsorption efficiency (42.7%). The equilibrium study concluded that the Langmuir was the most significant isotherm model. The highest monolayer capacity and Langmuir constants (KL and aL) were 0.396, 1.329, and 0.396, respectively. The adsorption of both adsorbents was well displayed in the pseudo-first-order non-linear model. Experiments and processed data compromise the finding that CMM is more effective than CM at adsorbing mercury ions.
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Modified Bentonite for Photodegradation in Methylene Blue Dye Sri Hilma Siregar; Prasetya Prasetya; Norramizawati Norramizawati; Marlian Marlian; Aulia Rizki Ramadhanti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 4 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 4 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.4.143-150

Abstract

Dye is one of the waste waters, which will be a problem if the content is excessive in the water. Modifying bentonite with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst for removal of dye waste. In this study, composite synthesis was carried out by mixing bentonite and TiO2 suspensions. The mass of bentonite is 20 g, and the mass variations of TiO2 are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. The resulting composite was heated using a furnace at 550°C for 5 hours. Bentonite-TiO2 composites were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared, X-Ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Photodegradation of methylene blue dye with bentonite-TiO2 was carried out by varying the mass of bentonite-TiO2 photocatalysts (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 g); variations in pH (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9), and variations in UV irradiation time (30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). The results of characterization with FTIR showed the presence of Ti-O-Ti vibrations at wavenumber 1419 cm-1 and Si-O-Ti at wave numbers 780 cm-1 and 799 cm-1. Characterization of 20% bentonite-TiO2 by XRD showed rutile, anatase, and montmorillonite phases. The SEM-EDX bentonite-TiO2 characterization results produced some small particles with a layered structure with TiO2 particles clumping and still in the form of agglomerates, and the EDX results showed the chemical composition of Si and Ti. The results of photodegradation showed that the best activity for the bentonite-TiO2 composite occurred in photocatalyst BT-20% with a mass of 0.08 g, pH 1, and UV irradiation time of 120 minutes with methylene blue 99.942% degraded.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gambas (Luffa acutangula) Peel–Based Bioplastic Reinforced by Silica Jasmine Rahma Kesuma Nirvana; Eni Budiyati; Akida Mulyaningtyas
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 4 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 4 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.4.151-159

Abstract

Gambas (Luffa acutangula) plants contain a relatively high carbohydrate of 68.2%, whereas its peel contains 38.94% of carbohydrates and 20.6% of fibers. Gambas peels are rarely utilized and are typically discarded as food waste. Silica can be used as a filler and reinforcement material to improve the physical and mechanical properties. This study discussed synthesizing and characterizing bioplastics from Gambas peel reinforced by silica using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a plasticizer with a mass of 8 g and 9 g and vinegar as a compatibilizer with volumes of 7 mL and 8 mL. The gelatinization temperature was adjusted at 85°C and 95°C. The synthesized bioplastics have improved mechanical characteristics due to the addition of PVA. The addition of vinegar as a compatibilizer revealed a homogenous mixture in surface morphological analysis. The highest performance of bioplastic samples was obtained from sample 7 with 8 mL vinegar, 9 g of PVA, and at 85°C of gelatinization temperature. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength reached 0.034 N/mm2, the elongation was 225%, the value of Young’s modulus was 0.015 N/mm2, the thermal stability reached 74.34% weight loss by heating up to 400°C, and the melting temperature reached at 220°C, the absorption of water was 37.61%, and the weight loss was 20.3% after ten days of soil burial.
The potential of Myricitrin, a Flavonoid Compound in Eugenia polyantha from Indonesia, as an Antiviral Drug for SARS-Cov-2 through the Molecular Docking Analysis Syamsul Falah; Laksmi Ambarsari; Dimas Andrianto; Rini Kurniasih; Sanro Tachibana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 5 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 5 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.5.166-177

Abstract

A Flavonoid glycoside compound, isolated and identified from E. polyantha as myricitrin, was analyzed as a ligand for its molecular binding activity against SARS-CoV-2 protein (receptor binding domain on Spike/RBD, main protease/nsp5, EndoRNAse, RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase/RdRp), and its receptor, ACE2, and computationally assessed via molecular docking method. This study aims to determine the potential of myricitrin in E. polyantha from Indonesia as an antiviral drug for SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation analysis. The results showed that the myricitrin had the strongest binding affinity energy towards the three important SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely endoRNAse, main protease (3CLpro), and RdRp with ∆G values of −9.60 kcal/mol, −8.40 kcal/mol, and −8.30 kcal/mol, respectively. These values are stronger than the comparator ligands of favipiravir (−5.60 kcal/mol), atazanavir (−7.20 kcal/mol), and remdesivir (−7.70 kcal/mol). This indicated that the compound has the potential as an inhibitor against 3CLpro, endoRNAse, and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. This result was supported by the prediction made according to the Molprobity and PASS Online web servers, which showed that myricitrin has high bioactivity potential as an enzyme inhibitor (with a score of 0.38) and antiviral (with a score of 0.704).
Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprint Analysis of Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) Sri Fauziah; Puput Melati; Ade Heri Mulyati; Mohamad Rafi; Eti Rohaeti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 5 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 5 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.5.187-193

Abstract

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint profile analysis can be used for quality control of herbal medicinal raw materials through identification, authentication, and discrimination. This study aims to develop a fingerprint analysis method for tempuyung TLC (Sonchus arvensis L.), which is then used for quality control. Tempuyung was extracted with methanol using ultrasonication which was then analyzed using the developed fingerprint TLC method. The optimum mobile phase used to separate compounds from tempuyung was a composition of chloroform: ethyl acetate: dichloromethane: formic acid (7.5:2:0.5:0.1) and produced eleven bands. The mobile phase composition produced good separation and had a typical luteolin band with an Rf value of 0.22, detected under UV 366 nm and derivatized with 10% sulfuric acid reagent. This method was applied to tempuyung from three locations, including Malang, Solo, and Yogyakarta, whose fingerprint patterns did not differ significantly. The fingerprint method has been validated and met the acceptance requirements for quality control of tempuyung.
Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Membrane Glucose for Selective Membrane Transport Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi; Henita Saulia Utari; Khabibi Khabibi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 5 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 5 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.5.178-186

Abstract

Molecularly Imprinted Membrane (MIM) was synthesized using polyeugenoxy acetic acid as the functional polymer, polyethylene glycol as the crosslinker agent, and polysulfone as a base membrane which was applied as a selective glucose membrane transport, and the immersion time expected to determine the transport capability of the membrane. This study aimed to determine the selectivity and transport properties of the MIM and NIM membranes. NIM was used as a control for MIM to research the selectivity test. In comparison, MIM has a template, while NIM is without a template. In this study, eugenol derivatives were synthesized through a polymerization reaction using a BF3-diethylether catalyst polymerized for 16 hours to produce polyeugenoxy acetic acid (PA). The PA was contacted with 7500 ppm glucose. PA-glucose produced an imprinted membrane, while PA produced a non-imprinted membrane. The membrane thickness was measured with a micrometer, resulting in a measurement range of 0.08–0.10 mm. The best transport result was achieved at the membrane passage of 24 hours of immersion time because the effect of membrane immersion time can increase the porosity, hydrophilicity, and membrane’s transport ability. Transport with MIM membrane shows better and more selective results than NIM. This confirms the existence of a glucose template on the MIM membrane, which causes the MIM membrane to recognize glucose and transport glucose better than fructose. This study’s advantages include learning how immersion time affects membrane production and determining how well MIM and NIM membranes transport and select glucose and fructose. Furthermore, membrane characterizations were done using FTIR to identify functional groups, SEM-EDX to analyze the shape of the membrane, and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to analyze the membrane’s selectivity and transport capabilities.

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