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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Lead Isotope Ratio Optimization using Q-ICP-MS for Volcanic Rocks Effendi, Mutiara; Prasetiawati, Indah Yuni; Rohman, Melnawati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 5 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 5 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.5.225-234

Abstract

Lead isotope ratios are a valuable tool for tracing the origin and evolution of volcanic rocks, supporting exploration of critical metals for renewable energy. While multi-collector and thermal ionization mass spectrometers offer superior precision, they are costly and time-consuming. For rapid, preliminary analyses of lead-rich samples, quadrupole mass spectrometry can provide sufficient results with appropriate optimization. This study aims to optimize the measurement of lead isotope ratios using quadrupole ICP-MS (Q-ICP-MS) for several volcanic rocks from Indonesia. After multivariate optimization of the main operating conditions (dwell time 1-3 ms, sweep number 2000-4000, and replicate 2-6), the isotopic ratios were measured with an internal precision of 0.05-0.9 %RSD; the accuracy is 99.97-103.79 %, and reproducibility is 8.8-10.5 Horwitz value. Our measurements agree well with the reported data of certified reference material AGV-2 and within analytical uncertainties.
Synthesis of NaX Zeolite from Blitar Kaolin via Hydrothermal and Sonication Methods with Alkali Fusion Pre-treatment Khalifah, Susi Nurul; Fiddaroini, Saidun; Arifah, Aminatus; Hasanah, Awwali Maf’ulah; Prasetyo, Anton
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 5 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 5 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.5.274-282

Abstract

NaX zeolite, widely recognized for its applications in cation exchange, adsorption, and catalysis, was successfully synthesized from Blitar natural kaolin using an alkali fusion pre-treatment, followed by two comparative synthesis methods: hydrothermal and sonication. The synthesis was conducted at 70°C for 2 and 4 hours. Optimal conditions were achieved with a NaOH/kaolin weight ratio of 2.0 and a synthesis gel composition of 10SiO2: 1Al2O3: 6Na2O: 180H2O (molar ratio). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the transformation of natural kaolin into sodium silicate, with sonication yielding phase-pure NaX zeolite, while the hydrothermal method resulted in NaX with sodalite impurities. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified characteristic NaX vibrations, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed cubic-shaped particles in the sonication method. The sonication process accelerated crystallization, producing higher-purity zeolite in shorter times than hydrothermal synthesis. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of sonication in enhancing the crystallinity and purity of NaX zeolite, offering a robust, time-efficient alternative for large-scale zeolite production.
Synthesis of Hydrophobic Silica Xerogel from Fly Ash for Oil–in–Water Adsorption Hanifah, Ummi; Shofiyani, Anis; Gusrizal, Gusrizal
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 5 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 5 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.5.235-243

Abstract

In this study, silica xerogel was synthesized from coal fly ash modified with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) reagent to increase the hydrophobicity of the material. TMCS-modified silica xerogel was then used for oil adsorption in water. Silica xerogel was synthesized using the sol-gel method with sodium silicate from fly ash as a precursor and citric acid as a catalyst. The sol-gel process involves sequential steps of hydrolysis and condensation, followed by gelation (the sol-to-gel transition) and aging. Surface modification of the resulting silica xerogel was conducted using TMCS in a mixture of methanol and petroleum benzine, with volume ratios of TMCS:methanol:petroleum benzine set at 0:1:1, 1:1:1, 2:1:1, and 3:1:1. The synthesized silica xerogel was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, GSA, and contact angle measurements to evaluate its hydrophobicity. FTIR spectrophotometry results revealed that silica modified with TMCS exhibited absorption bands corresponding to Si–CH3 groups at 843.20, 845.69, and 843.18 cm-1. These findings indicate the successful formation of silyl groups on the surface of the silica xerogel when using TMCS:methanol:phosphate buffer (PB) ratios of 0:1:1, 1:1:1, 2:1:1, and 3:1:1. SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphology of the synthesized silica xerogel exhibited a porous structure with a mesoporous pore size distribution. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that surface modification with TMCS enhances the hydrophobicity of the silica xerogel. An increase in TMCS volume led to a corresponding increase in hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic silica xerogel demonstrated a good adsorption capacity for oil in water, ranging from 6 to 22 mg/g, with the adsorption capacity increasing in accordance with the degree of hydrophobicity.
Improved Thermal Stability of Silica Nanofluids Using Anionic Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications Rowi, Khasan; Ngadiwiyana, Ngadiwiyana; Subagio, Agus
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 5 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 5 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.5.244-251

Abstract

Silica nanoparticles have shown great potential in the oil and gas industry sector, especially in applications for enhanced oil recovery. Silica nanofluids are widely used in EOR applications because they are inexpensive, easy to synthesize, environmentally friendly, can be surface modified, and provide high oil recovery rates. However, silica nanofluids have drawbacks in thermal stability and salinity at high temperatures, adversely affecting their application in oil reservoirs. In this paper, the effects of a surfactant sulfonate compound (SPU11) and a co-surfactant sulfosuccinate compound (SPU22) on the thermal stability of silica nanofluids at temperatures ranging from 60 to 100°C were investigated. Next, the silica nanofluids were analyzed for particle size using a particle size analyzer (PSA), wettability using a sessile drop contact angle, and oil recovery capacity using a core flooding test. The results showed that the silica nanofluid with 0.3% SPU11 and 0.3% SPU22 surfactant showed good thermal stability below 80°C for 3 months in 3 wt% brine; PSA analysis showed that the aggregate diameter was 52.86 nm; wettability analysis showed that the silica nanofluid had a contact angle of 60.8° to 36.6° and the core flooding results of silica nanofluid showed an oil in place recovery (OOIP) of 9.7%.
A Comparative Study of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Pentachlorophenol Degradation Istiqomah, Nurul Alvia
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 5 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 5 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.5.252-259

Abstract

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a priority pollutant that is highly resistant to conventional water treatment methods. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) offer an efficient approach by combining oxidants with activators to produce radicals. Hydrogen peroxide () and peroxydisulfate () are oxidants with symmetrical peroxide bonds that effectively generate radicals through energy transfer. However, each produces distinct radicals, followed by different degradation mechanisms. A comprehensive comparison is crucial for adopting effective AOP technologies. This study evaluates the kinetic performance and cost-effectiveness of AOPs using  and , activated by ultrasound (US), UV light (UVC and VUV), and their combinations.  demonstrated superior performance, particularly under UV light, due to its pH stability and higher reactivity with PCP. The combination of US and VUV yielded the highest degradation rates, with  achieving the best overall performance ( = 0.75 ). Higher temperatures improved PCP degradation across all systems, with the US-VUV- system achieving the highest rate ( = 0.91 ) at 35°C. The VUV- system recorded the lowest activation energy ( = 4.77 ), indicating greater efficiency. -based systems, particularly VUV- and UVC-, emerged as the most efficient and cost-effective options, with the lowest energy consumption (4.65–4.80 ) and costs (Rp8,825–Rp9,064/). These results highlight  in UV configurations as the optimal choice for PCP degradation, offering effective treatment with reduced energy and chemical requirements.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of O-methyl Quercetin Analogs, Structure Modification, and Molecular Docking as Lung Anticancer EGFR-TK Inhibitor Sari, Bina Lohita; Setiani, Lusi Agus; Aulia, Shafana Zahra
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.316-326

Abstract

Cancer arises from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Lung cancer stands as one example among the diverse array of cancer types. The main cause of the development of lung cancer is the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinases (TK). O-methyl quercetin analogs, as one of the quercetin derivatives, can be potential drug candidates for treating lung cancer. In this study, we disclose our findings that O-methyl quercetin analogs and their modified forms, O-methylamino analogs, predicted EGFR-TK inhibitors as lung anticancer. The O-methylated quercetin analogs can be predicted using a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model. The structures were optimized using the parameterized method 3 (PM3) and analyzed through multiple linear regression (MLR). A lower PRESS QSAR values are used for structural modification of O-methylamino as new compounds. Structures of O-methyl quercetin and O-methylamino analogs were docked to the EGFR-TK receptor using molecular docking. The best QSAR model of IC₅₀ predicted result is expressed as log IC50 = 23.059 + (7.397 × log P) + (0.273 × dipole moment) – (0.005 × heat of formation) – (0.733 × ELUMO) – (0.501 × EHOMO) with statistical parameters: R = 0.966; R2 = 0.933; Fcount/Ftable = 3.829853; and Q2 = 0.752226. The O-methyl quercetin analog QC14 (quercetin 5,3’,4’-trimethyl ether) and the modified derivative QC6_8 (3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-((methylamino)methoxy)phenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one) exhibited the lowest docking scores. Both compounds interact with the key residue Met769 of the EGFR-TK receptor, suggesting their potential as drugs for lung cancer.
Modification of a Carbon Paste Sensor with TiO₂ and ZnO Nanoparticles for the Cyclic Voltammetric Detection of Retinol Putra, Ananta Adita Eka; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.327-335

Abstract

Retinol, a compound belonging to the retinoid group derived from vitamin A, is widely used in cosmetic formulations due to its proven efficacy in skin care. Analytical determination of retinol is commonly performed using conventional techniques such as HPLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. An alternative analytical method that offers potential yet remains underexplored is cyclic voltammetry. In this study, a cyclic voltammetry method for retinol analysis was developed using a modified carbon paste working electrode. The modification was done by adding ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles to improve the electrode’s sensitivity. The sol-gel technique was employed to produce ZnO nanoparticles, which were then analyzed for their characteristics using several instruments, namely XRD, SEM, and FTIR. TiO2 nanoparticles were also subjected to characterization. The results of the study on ZnO nanoparticle synthesis demonstrated an average particle size measuring 30.5 nm. The optimum electrode composition was obtained at a ratio of 3:2:3:2 (Carbon: ZnO Nanoparticles: TiO2 Nanoparticles: Paraffin), producing an anodic peak current (IpA) of 4.58 × 10−3 A under optimum pH conditions at pH 7. As the generated peak current increases, the conductivity increases, as electron transfer for the reduction and oxidation processes becomes more facile. Applying this method to retinol analysis in brands X, Y, and Z facial serums yielded retinol contents of 0.00450 ppm, 0.00464 ppm, and 0.00427 ppm. The voltammetric method showed a LoD = 0.001029 ppm and LoQ = 0.003430 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that a ZnO and TiO2 modified carbon paste electrode is an effective tool for analyzing retinol by cyclic voltammetry.
Chitosan/Anthocyanin-Based Indicator Film with Carnauba Wax Addition for Monitoring Chicken Freshness Roichatuttamamah, Wirda; Mahatmanti, F. Widhi; Kusuma, Samuel Budi Wardhana; Rahayu, Endah Fitriani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.283-291

Abstract

Indicator films can be applied to food packaging to monitor the quality of food products. However, chitosan/anthocyanin films tend to have low hydrophobicity, which may compromise their performance as indicators and lead to dye migration. One approach to address this issue is by incorporating additional materials such as carnauba wax. This study investigates the effect of carnauba wax addition on the mechanical properties and water contact angle of chitosan/anthocyanin-based indicator films, as well as evaluates the performance of the resulting films in monitoring the freshness of chicken meat. Indicator films were prepared by adding carnauba wax at concentrations of 6, 9, 12, and 15% (w/w of chitosan). The results showed that the addition of carnauba wax improved the mechanical properties of the films, although the improvement was not statistically significant. The best mechanical performance was observed with the 15% wax formulation. Additionally, the water contact angle increased with higher concentrations of carnauba wax, with the highest value (71.630°) observed for the CS/ABT/CW15% film. The indicator films were applied to chicken packaging and evaluated based on color changes during storage as a measure of freshness. After 30 hours, the film color changed from dark brown to green. The color change pattern during storage was similar for films with and without carnauba wax, indicating that the addition of carnauba wax does not affect the film’s ability to monitor chicken freshness.
Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Unused Part of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Choirunnisa, Atina Rizkiya; Regiana, Zhafira Amalia; Insanu, Muhamad; Hartati, Rika; Pramastya, Hegar; Rizaldy, Defri; Fidrianny, Irda
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.336-344

Abstract

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a member of the Solanaceae family that contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The fruit of the tamarillo is commonly consumed. However, other parts that are rarely used also have many potential benefits, including antioxidant activity. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity of used part (flesh) and unused part (leaves and peel) extracts of tamarillo through ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC), phenolic and flavonoids content, correlation the phenolic and flavonoid content on antioxidant activity, correlation the DPPH and CUPRAC methods and the levels of flavonoid compound in selected extract. Three organs (flesh, leaves, peel) were extracted using polarity solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol). Antioxidant activity was conducted using DPPH and CUPRAC assays, and total phenolic acid and flavonoid acid were also investigated. The result showed that the highest antioxidant activity of tamarillo extracts using DPPH and CUPRAC methods was given by ethanol leaves, 94.917 ± 3.920 and 110.182 ± 7.987 mg AEAC/g sample. The highest TPC in the ethanol leaves extract 10.416 g GAE/100 g, while the highest TFC in the n-hexane leaves extract 8.367 g QE/100 g. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were identified as significant contributors to the antioxidant activity, with both assessment methods showing a strong linear correlation. In conclusion, Tamarillo leaves had the potential to be a natural antioxidant source, with a rutin content of 0.088%, according to HPLC analysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminated Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 via Ultrasonic-Enhanced Hydrothermal Method: Effects of Sonication, Solvent Acidity, and Si/Al Ratio Putri, Dini Hariyanto; Subagyono, RR Dirgarini Julia Nurlianti; Allo, Veliyana Londong; Manawan, Maykel
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.292-298

Abstract

Aluminated Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (Al-SBA-15) materials were successfully synthesized using an ultrasonic-enhanced hydrothermal method. The synthesis was conducted by varying the mole ratio of Si precursor and Al precursor (10 and 20), sonication time (3 and 5 hours), and solvent type (2 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and distilled water). The resulting materials were characterized using N2 sorption analyzer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction (SAXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Ammonia-Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD). FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of siloxane, silanol, and hydroxyl functional groups in all Al-SBA-15 samples. SAXRD analysis showed three characteristic peaks of SBA-15, indicating a two-dimensional hexagonal structure (p6mm). Increasing the sonication time enhanced the surface area from 718 to 767 m2/g, while reducing the pore diameter from 5.96 to 4.81 nm and the pore volume from 1.07 to 0.92 cm3/g. Raising the Si:Al molar ratio slightly increased the surface area (718 to 722 m2/g) and decreased the pore diameter and volume. Additionally, using distilled water instead of 2 M HCl as the solvent raised the surface area from 722 to 785 m2/g, while decreasing the pore diameter from 5.61 to 5.05 nm and slightly lowering the pore volume. The acidity of the Al-SBA-15 material varied according to the sonication time and the amount of Al precursor used, suggesting the potential of regulating the acidic properties through optimization of the synthesis parameters.

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