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ISSN : 2615739X     EISSN : 26143135     DOI : -
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) merupakan wadah publikasi hasil penelitian teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dengan nomor ISSN: 2614-3135 (online), ISSN: 2406-8306 (print), yang diterbitkan oleh Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa Jakarta.
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Articles 24 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 1: April 2022" : 24 Documents clear
Fostering fraternity in humanity: the Church’s efforts to bring compassion within the framework of religious moderation Dorlan Naibaho; Sandy Ariawan; Simion Diparuma Harianja; Jungjungan Simorangkir; Maringan Sinambela
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.537

Abstract

The nature of religion which refers to etymological studies clearly aims so that human life is not chaotic, so it is not surprising that all religions teach goodness. Only the lofty ideals of each religion cannot be adequately implemented among the grassroots so that it is presented precisely as violence and intolerance between adherents of one religion with another religion. Abuse in the name of religion occurs and becomes the beginning of the legitimacy of acts of violence in the cloak of religion. Reconciliation efforts are the church’s responsibility because the church has significant power in society and the church becomes a representation of God that brings the mandate and spirit of reconciliation to the world. The church is also the holder of the baton of Jesus' ministry on earth. In the historical reality of human life, Jesus is the only one who can do good and right throughout His life. The angel called him "Holy, Son of God" (Luk. 1:35), which is confirmed in Hebrews 4:15 "...but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.” While other humans are only able to implement the bad, or the combination of good and evil, because of human sinfulness. Only by faith in Jesus is a man justified and put before God. Through the power of the Holy Spirit that exists within believers, a wrong thread can be decided and enabled to live life as a new creation, that is, as children of God. The study aims to look at the extent of the church's role in preparing congregation spirituality within the framework of religious moderation, and at the same time reconcile congregations who experience intimidation. The method used in this study was a mix-method, where for some parts that need enrichment, structured interviews were carried out, but in the general part, generalizations were carried out as a result of quantitative data. The respondents in the study numbered 30 people from churches in potentially intolerant areas. In the results of the data with SPSS, it is known that the church’s role in cultivating a system of values, spiritual principles, and a solid theological foundation for the congregation influenced religious moderation by 89.3%, while other factors influence the other 10.7%. Further, it is shown that only 30% of respondents feel equipped with the content of religious moderation in a structured and "prepared" spiritually in case of clashes/friction with other religious people.
Teologi perempuan dan pengimajinasian ulang komunitas inklusif di Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor (GMIT) Mangililo, Ira Desiawanti
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.160

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to develop some useful theological foundations for the ministry of GMIT women in the family, church, and community. Using feminist theological studies, this paper reflects critically on the experiences of GMIT women who struggle to develop the capacity of existing resources to face the challenges of poverty and underdevelopment that shackles their lives today. The results of these reflections are then dialogued with several biblical narratives as the basis for theology. This paper underscores that as the image and likeness of God, GMIT women are called to act as protectors, nurturing, and leaders in their families and communities with full responsibility. In addition, GMIT women are also required to imitate Christ in terms of loving sincerely regardless of ethnicity, religion, gender, culture, and social status and viewing other people as co-workers who work hand in hand in building the nation and state. AbstrakTujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sejumlah landasan teologis yang berguna bagi pelayanan para perempuan GMIT baik di dalam keluarga, gereja, dan masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan kajian teologi feminis, tulisan ini merefleksikan secara kritis berbagai pengalaman para perempuan GMIT yang berjuang untuk mengembangkan kapasitas sumber daya yang ada untuk menghadapi tantangan kemiskinan dan keterbelakangan yang membelenggu kehidupan mereka saat ini. Hasil refleksi tersebut kemudian didialogkan dengan sejumlah narasi Alkitab sebagai dasar berteologi. Tulisan ini menggarisbawahi bahwa sebagai gambar dan rupa Allah perempuan GMIT dipanggil untuk berperan sebagai pelindung, pemelihara, dan pemimpin dalam keluarga maupun masyarakat dengan penuh tanggungjawab. Selain itu, perempuan GMIT juga dituntut untuk meneladani Kristus dalam hal mengasihi dengan tulus tanpa membedakan suku, agama, jenis kelamin, budaya, dan status sosial serta memandang orang lain sebagai rekan sekerja yang saling bahu membahu dalam membangun bangsa dan negara.
Mengembangkan moderasi beragama di kalangan generasi milenial melalui perspektif Perjanjian Baru Tari, Ezra
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.474

Abstract

This writing is motivated by anxiety about interreligious conflicts that are still happening, driven by truth claims regarding the teachings of the holy book, assuming that their religion is the most correct. This is due to misunderstandings and differences of opinion. Exclusive attitudes and a lack of respect for the teachings of other religions still exist among religious people. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight to Christians regarding religious moderation from the perspective of the new covenant for the millennial generation so that Christians have a collective awareness of understanding their own religion. This view invites Christians to prioritize moderation. This paper aims to enlighten the thoughts of Christians, especially the millennial generation. The qualitative-descriptive method was used to analyze the various data obtained. Data analysis can be done through preparation and interpretation activities to draw conclusions. The results of the analysis provide solutions to the millennial generation as the driving force of religious moderation. The effort made is that this generation treats other people first. There are efforts to respect each other, not be exclusive and actively involved, and religious organizations and majority awareness to respect minorities.  AbstrakTulisan ini dilatarbelakangi pada keresahan terhadap konflik antaragama yang masih terjadi, didorong oleh klaim-klaim kebenaran mengenai ajaran kitab suci, menganggap agamanya yang paling benar. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kesalahpahaman dan perbedaan pandangan. Sikap Eksklusif dan kurang meng-hargai ajaran agama lain masih ada di antara umat beragama. Tujuan tulisan ini untuk memberikan wawasan kepada umat Kristiani mengenai moderasi beragama dalam perspektif perjanjian baru bagi generasi milenial, agar umat kristiani memiliki kesadaran kolektif dalam memahami agama sendiri. Pandangan tersebut mengajak orang Kristen lebih mengedepankan sikap moderat. Tulisan ini bertujuan mencerahkan pemikiran umat kristiani, pada khususnya generasi milenial. Metode kualitatif-deskriptif dipakai untuk menganalisis berbagai data yang didapatkan. Analisis data dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan penyusunan dan penafsiran untuk menyusun kesimpulan. Hasil analisis memberikan solusi kepada generasi milenial sebagai motor penggerak moderasi beragama. Usaha yang dilakukan adalah generasi ini memperlakukan orang lain lebih dahulu diperlakukan. Ada upaya untuk saling menghargai satu sama lain, tidak bersifat eksklusif dan terlibat aktif dan organisasi keagamaan serta kesadaran mayoritas untuk menghargai minoritas.
Dari mata turun ke hati: Mengembangkan sikap menghargai perbedaan dalam bingkai moderasi beragama Gultom, Rogate Artaida Tiarasi
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.300

Abstract

This article aims to offer a constructive idea about developing an attitude that respects differences, both in terms of theological perspectives and traditions, dogmatic views, church denomination membership, and even religion. The strengthening of religious fundamentalism triggers the occurrence of a religious pattern that is too fanatical and considers its views and groups to be the most correct, so they tend to judge differences using the judgment model. The idea offered is to internalize Jesus' teaching not to judge others excessively through the narrative of Matthew 7:1-5. This research is qualitative-descriptive, with a constructive approach related to the theme of “respect” and “non-judgmental” toward others. In conclusion, the church needs to continue to build fellowships or networks between Christians in different denominations, and between religious communities, and to develop a "non-judgmental" attitude. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan sebuah gagasan konstruktif tentang mengembangkan sikap yang menghargai perbedaan, baik dalam hal perspektif dan tradisi teologi, pandangan dogmatika, keanggotaan denominasi gereja, bahkan hingga agama. Menguatnya fundamentalisme beragama memicu terjadinya pola beragama yang terlalu fanatik, menganggap pandangan dan kelompoknya yang paling benar, sehingga cenderung menilai perbedaan dengan model penghakiman. Gagasan yang ditawarkan adalah menginternlisasi ajaran Yesus untuk tidak menghakimi orang lain secara berlebihan melalui narasi Matius 7:1-5. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif-deskriptif, dengan pendekatan konstruktif terkait tema “menghargai” dan “tidak menghakimi” sesama. Simpulannya, gereja perlu terus membangun persekutuan atau jejaring antarumat Kristen dalam perbedaan denominasi, hingga antarumat beragama, dalam rangka mengembangkan sikap yang “tidak menghakimi”.
Meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di masa pandemi melalui pemanfaatan discovery learning Benyamin, Priskila Issak; Tjalla, Awaluddin; Suhendra, Novia; Hardori, Johni
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.450

Abstract

During the Covid-19 pandemic, teachers in every school use online media such as using the ZOOM application, Google Meet, and Google Classroom to carry out the teaching and learning process. Pusaka Abadi Elementary School teachers, Teluk Gong, North Jakarta during the Covid 19 pandemic often used conventional models, but the results turned out to be less effective, this is because the online conventional model has many problems that students and teachers must face, namely: an unstable network. so that students can only hear little by little and in the end draw the wrong conclusions or become less than optimal, turn off the camera during teaching and learning so that it makes it difficult for teachers to monitor students whether the students are listening or while playing games or recreation as a result, making students' creative thinking skills decrease and results decreased student learning. The results of the research on the initial conditions showed that the material presented during the teaching and learning process in the school was about 50% of the children who caught the material. Then the researchers applied two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The results of the first cycle by applying the discovery learning model showed the level of achievement increased to 85% from the initial conditions. Continued to apply cycle II and the results reached 100%. AbstrakMasa pandemi covid-19 mengharuskan guru-guru di setiap sekolah mengunakan media online seperti aplikasi Zoom Meeting, Google Meet dan Google Classrom untuk melakukan proses belajar mengajar. Perubahan media belajar dari ceramah ke tatap maya seharusnya diikuti dengan model belajar yang tepat.  Fakta sebaliknya terjadi di Sekolah Dasar Pusaka Abadi, Teluk Gong, Jakarta Utara. Proses belajar mengajar yang dilaksanakan masih mengunakan model belajar konvensional. Hal ini menyebabkan hasil belajar kurang efektif. Model belajar konvensional yang dilakukan dengan media online menimbulkan masalah yang harus siswa dan guru hadapi yaitu, jaringan yang kurang stabil sehingga siswa tidak dapat mendengarkan dengan baik sehingga ketika menarik kesimpulan, hasilnya kurang maksimal. Permasalahan ini menyebabkan daya berpikir kreatif siswa menurun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi awal materi yang di sampaikan pada saat proses belajar mengajar di dalam sekolah sekitar 50% anak yang menangkap materi. Kemudian peneliti menerapkan dua siklus yakni siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil siklus I dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran discovery learning menunjukkan tingkat ketercapaian meningkat menjadi 85% dari kondisi awal. Dilanjutkan menerapkan siklus II dan hasilnya mencapai 100%.
Nilai pendidikan Kristiani "terimalah satu akan yang lain" dalam bingkai moderasi beragama Rinto Hasiholan Hutapea
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.540

Abstract

This study specifically examined the interaction of IAKN Palangka Raya Christian students in a joint group of Real Work Lectures with IAIN Palangka Raya Islamic students and Hindu students kaharingan IAHN Palangka Raya. The location of special activities of Bukit Sua Village and Mungku Baru Village. The purpose of this study is also to examine and analyze the implementation of the value of Christian education "accept one another" Romans 15:7 in the framework of religious moderation. Empirical studies become the methods that researchers use to achieve these goals. The results stated that the interaction and implementation of the value of Christian education "accept one another" in the framework of religious moderation by Christian students in a combined group with Islamic students and Hindu Kaharingan students was empirically realized very well. Christian students amid differences in faith in KKN activities can realize and apply the values of Christian education and religious moderation with indicators: attitude of acceptance with love, communication based on love, cooperation based on love, attitudes that make room for differences in beliefs, and attitudes that accept local culture as part of religious expression. AbstrakPenelitian ini khusus mengkaji interaksi mahasiswa Kristen IAKN Palangka Raya dalam kelompok gabungan Kuliah Kerja Nyata dengan mahasiswa Islam IAIN Palangka Raya dan mahasiswa Hindu Kaharingan IAHN Palangka Raya. Lokasi kegiatan khusus Kelurahan Bukit Sua dan Kelurahan Mungku Baru. Tujuan penelitian ini juga untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis implementasi nilai pendidikan Kristiani "terimalah satu akan yang lain" melalui pembacaan Roma 15:7 dalam bingkai moderasi beragama. Studi empiris menjadi metode yang peneliti gunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa interaksi dan implementasi nilai pendidikan kristiani ??Sterimalah satu akan yang lain? dalam bingkai moderasi beragama oleh mahasiswa Kristen dalam kelompok gabungan dengan mahasiswa Islam dan mahasiswa Hindu Kaharingan secara empiris terwujud dengan sangat baik. Mahasiswa Kristen di tengah-tengah perbedaan keyakinan, dalam dalam kegiatan KKN, dapat mewujudkan dan menerapkan nilai pendidikan kristiani dan moderasi beragama dengan indikator: sikap menerima dengan kasih, komunikasi berlandaskan kasih, bekerja sama didasarkan pada kasih, sikap yang memberi ruang terhadap perbedaan keyakinan, serta sikap yang menerima budaya lokal sebagai bagian dari ekspresi beragama.
Kristologi disabilitas di kalangan brother and sister living with HIV-AIDS (BROSLIH) Sarese, Andre Brian
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.176

Abstract

This paper is the result of a Christology of Disability studies on the understanding of Jesus according to the Brothers and Sisters living with HIV-AIDS (BROSLIH) at the Victory Plus Foundation, Yogyakarta. BROSLIH found a new perspective and meaning about the Image of Jesus Christ. Issues regarding stigma, discrimination, violence, and even loss of self-esteem brought BROSLIH out of the construction of a perfect understanding of Jesus. There are three main findings that will be put forward in this paper: First, Jesus is in solidarity with the lowly creation, through His Spirit in the lament of human suffering who prays to God in complex life situations. Second, BROSLIH who accepts rejection and various social injustices find the meaning of Jesus as the One who brings justice to those who are marginalized. Third: Jesus who is present in the souls of people who are broken and injured, is the meaning of the figure of Jesus who is present in BROSLIH's life and is depressed because of rejection from parents. AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan hasil dari kajian Kristologi Disabilitas terhadap pemahaman tentang Yesus menurut Brother and Sister living with HIV-AIDS (BROSLIH) di Yayasan Victory Plus Yogyakarta. BROSLIH menemukan cara pandang serta pemaknaan yang baru mengenai Citra Yesus Kristus. Persoalan mengenai stigma, diskriminasi, kekerasan bahkan hilangnya penghargaan diri membawa BROSLIH keluar dari konstruksi pemahaman mengenai Yesus yang sempurna. Terdapat tiga temuan utama yang akan dikedepankan dalam tulisan ini: Pertama, Yesus yang bersolidaritas kepada ciptaan yang hina, melalui Roh-Nya dalam ratapan penderitaan manusia yang berdoa kepada Allah dalam situasi kehidupan yang kompleks. Kedua, BROSLIH yang menerima penolakan serta berbagai ketidakadilan sosial menemukan makna Yesus sebagai Dia yang mendatangkan keadilan bagi mereka yang termarginalisasi. Ketiga: Yesus yang hadir dalam jiwa orang-orang yang hancur dan terluka, adalah pemaknaan terhadap sosok Yesus yang hadir dalam kehidupan BROSLIH yang mengalami depresi karena mendapat penolakan dari orang tua.
Berteologi secara moderat dalam konteks kebhinekaan Patora, Marianus
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.477

Abstract

Doing theology is a means that can bring people to understand more about every teaching in religion so that what is understood can encourage people to apply it in everyday life. Theological ideas and views have developed very dynamically, resulting in many emerging views that are diverse, even contradicting one another. The problem that arises is when theology is not based on an attitude of respect and respect for the different views of each group, class, theological tradition, and even religion. This research is a Christian view and attitude in moderate theology in the context of Indonesian diversity. In this study, the method used is descriptive qualitative with an approach to an understanding and understanding of the importance of good theology and which does not tend to be extreme towards a particular religious group. Moderate theology within the scope of religions will be able to confront two different views and ideas by prioritizing the values of diversity as a glue to build humanist religious moderation. AbstrakBerteologi merupakan sarana yang dapat membawa manusia agar semakin memahami setiap ajaran dalam agama, sehingga apa yang dipahami dapat mendorong manusia menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Gagasan serta pandangan teologi mengalami perkembangan yang sangat dinamis, sehingga banyak bermunculan pandangan yang beragam, bahkan bertentangan satu dengan yang lain. Masalah yang timbul adalah ketika berteologi tidak didasari pada sikap menghargai dan menghormati perbedaan pandangan dari setiap kelompok, golongan, tradisi teologi, bahkan agama. Penelitian ini merupakan pandangan dan sikap Kekristenan dalam berteologi secara moderat dalam konteks kebhinnekaan Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan terhadap suatu pengertian dan pemahaman akan pentingnya berteologi yang baik dan yang tidak cenderung bersikap ekstrim kepada suatu kelompok agama tertentu. Berteologi secara moderat dalam lingkup agama-agama akan mampu untuk mengonfrontasikan dua pandangan serta gagasan yang berbeda dengan mengedepankan nilai-nilai kebhinnekaan sebagai suatu perekat guna membangun moderasi beragama yang humanis.
Pendidikan yang membebaskan: Sadar akan pluralitas dalam pendidikan Kristiani di era posmodern Pantan, Frans
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.453

Abstract

This study aims to examine the pluralistic principle in Christian religious education in the postmodern era. This research process uses descriptive social qualitative methods. Namely, researchers use descriptive data, explain, and analyze phenomena, and interpret social dynamics and attitudes of beliefs that develop in society in the framework of educational analysis. The study results indicate that essentially education is life and/or life is education. Based on this principle, the goal of education is to humanize humans, namely, to consistently manage harmonious relationships with Allah, the Owner of their lives, others, and their environment. This research finds common ground and, at the same time, produces an inclusive education formulation that sees the others in the frame of plurality or plurality who are entitled to enjoy the freedom of expression in the light of the will of the Divine. This concept must be present in the life of postmodern society.  AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji prinsip pluralistik dalam Pendidikan agama Kristen di era postmodern. Proses penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif sosial deskriptif, yakni peneliti memanfaatkan data deskriptif, menjelaskan dan menganalisis fenomena, menginterpretasi dinamika sosial dan sikap kepercayaan yang berkembang di masyarakat dalam bingkai analisis pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada hakikatnya pendidikan adalah kehidupan dan/atau kehidupan adalah pendidikan. Didasari dengan prinsip tersebut maka tujuan ultim pendidikan adalah memanusiakan manusia secara utuh, yakni secara konsisten mengelola relasi harmoni dengan Allah-Sang Pemilik hidupnya, sesama dan lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menemukan titik temu dan sekaligus menghasilkan rumusan pendidikan inklusif yang melihat the others dalam bingkai kemajemukan atau pluralitas yang berhak menikmati kebebasan berekspresi dalam terang kehendak Sang Ilahi. Konsep ini harus disajikan dalam kehidupan masyarakat postmodern.
Flexing in the lens of Christian education: Children's failure to stem the negative influence of the era of disruption or neglect of parents instilling early childhood character Simatupang, Ronny; Imeldawati, Tiur; Ariawan, Sandy; Widiastuti, Maria
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) Vol 8, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v8i1.542

Abstract

Flexing becomes a phenomenon that threatens the morality of the younger generation of Christians in this disruption era. The question that then arises is, this is just a common phenomenon, or is it the form of failure of Christian parents to shape the child's personality? In Christian education in the family sphere, learning is emphasized on developing the potential of spiritual intelli-gence (psychiatric or spiritual and inner). The family is the right place for the growth of awareness of the beginning of the purpose and existence of life. It is the responsibility of the family to ensure that a child develops and grows into a good adult human being and can take care of himself, and not depend on others. The formation of personality at an early age is something that must be fulfilled and cannot be delayed. It is said that approximately 85% of basic human personalities are formed at the age of 0-6 years, and the rest are just polishing. This study aims to prove how much influence character cultivation by parents has on the potential flexing in children. The approach used in this study is quantitative, with a sample of 100 children. The results of data collection are analyzed using simple linear regression with the help of SPSS 23.0. The results of the study proved that the cultivation of personality by parents affected the flexing potential of children by 69%, while 31% was influenced by other factors. Further findings in this study, the formation of behavior in a planned, systematic, and targeted manner was shown to be able to reduce the potential for flexing by 73% in children. As a contribution to this study, it is recommended to parents instill humility, meek, patience, love, and peace in children from an early age. This has been shown to be able to ward off flexing which is a negative effect of the disruption era.

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