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Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490281     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (JHPB) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on health promotion and health-related behaviors. It began its publication on May 21, 2015. The journal is published four times yearly. It seeks to understand factors at various layers associated with health behavior and health-impacting policy and find evidence-based social and behavioral strategies to improve population health status.
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Articles 509 Documents
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Determinants of Successful Smoking Cessation in Surakarta Atmodjo, Joko Tri; Soemanto, RB.; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Smoking cessation is not an easy endeavor as tobacco addiction is a group of behavioral, cognitive and physiological phenomena. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of successful smoking cessation using health belief model (HBM), PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and theory of planned behavior (TPB).Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. It was conducted in Surakarta, in December 2017. A sample of  165 study subjects consisting of 68 ex-smokers who were successful in smoking cessation and 97 smokers who were unsuccessful in smoking cessation, by snowball sampling. The dependent variable was smoking cessation. The independent variables were intention to quit smoking, attitude toward smoking cessation, outcome expectation, addiction, stress, perceived behavioral control (PBC), subjective norm, social support, family income, purchasing power, smoking duration, and access to cigarette. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis.Results: Successful smoking cessation was directly affected by strong intention (b= 2.39, SE= 0.51, p <0.001), duration of smoking (≥10 years) (b= -3.46; SE= 0.57; p <0.001), and easy access to cigarettes (b= -1.28; SE= 0.52; p= 0.008). Intention is was affeced by positive attitude (b = 0.79, SE= 0.39, p= 0.046), positive PBC (b= 1.89, SE= 0.40; p<0.001), high purchasing power (b= -1.23; SE= 0.39; p= 0.002), and positive subjective norm (b= 1.38; SE= 0.40; p= 0.001). Positive PBC was affected by duration of smoking (≥10 years) (b= -2.32; SE= 0.47; p<0.001), positive outcome expectation (b= 1.04; SE= 0.49; p= 0.035), and addiction (b= -2.96; SE= 0.49; p<0.001). Positive attitude was affected by positive expectation outcomes (b= 1.09; SE= 0.34; p= 0.001). Positive subjective norm (b= 0.77; SE = 0.33; p= 0.020) and positive outcome expectation (b= 0.77; SE= 0.33; p= 0.020) were affected by social support. Smoking duration was affected by stress (b= 0.09; SE=- 0.04; p= 0.018). Cigarette purchasing power was affected by high income (b=2.78; SE= 1.43; p= 0.053).Conclusion: Successful smoking cessation is directly affected by intention, smoking duration, stress, and access to cigarette. Success smoking cessation is indirectly affected by attitude, addiction, PBC, subjective norm, social support, outcome expectation, family income, purchasing power.Keyword: smoking cessation, HBM, PRECEDE-PROCEED, TPBCorrespondence: Joko Tri Atmojo. School of Health Sciences Mambaul Ulum, Surakarta, Jl. Ring Road Utara, Tawangsari, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: jokotriatmojo1@gmail.com. Mobile: 081393319000.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(4): 332-344https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.04.05 
Analysis of the Effect of Maternal Perception on Completeness of Child Immunization Status with Health Belief Model Puri, Yessica Eka; Murti, Bhisma; Dermatoto, Argyo
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 1 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Child immunization coverage was low in several health centers in Surakarta, Central Java. Some of the health centers did not achieve GAIN Universal Child Immunization (UCI) target in 2014. For example, Penumping Health Center (HBV <7 days= 86.9%, BCG= 87.8%, Campak= 87.5%, DTP-HBV-HIB= 86.7%, Polio= 87.5%) and Banyuanyar Health Center (Campak= 89.6%). This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal perception on completeness of child immunization status using Health Belief Model (HBM).Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. It was conducted at Penumping and Banyuanyar Health Centers, Surakarta, Central java. A total sample of 120 mothers and their respective children aged <9 years was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. This sample consisted of children with complete immunization and the other children with incomplete immunization (ratio= 1:4). The dependent variable was completeness of immunization status. The independent variables were maternal perception on various HBM constructs, including perceived susceptibility, seriousness, threat, benefit, and barrier. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Perceived susceptibility had indirect and positive effect on completeness of immunization status via perceived threat, although it was not statistically significant (b= 0.63; 95% CI= -0.13 to 1.39; p= 0.104). Perceived seriousness had indirect positive and statistically significant effect on completeness of immunization status via perceived threat (b= 1.10; 95% CI =0.71 to 3.04; p=0.005). Perceived threat (b= 1.88; 95% CI= 0.34 to 1.86; p= 0.002), and perceived benefit (b= 1.83; 95% CI = 0.69 to 2.96; p= 0.002), showed direct positive and statistically significant effect on completeness of immunization status. Perceived barrier had direct and negative effect on completeness of immunization status  (b= -0.96; 95% CI= -1.97 to 0.05; p= 0.063).  Conclusion: Maternal perception on child susceptibility, disease seriousness, disease threat, benefit and barrier of immunization, have effects on the completeness of immunization status.Keywords: immunization status, completeness, health belief modelCorrespondence: Yessica Eka Puri. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Mobile: 087856408766.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(3): 211-222https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.03.08
Path Analysis on the Factors Associated with Consistent Use of Female Condom among Female Sex Workers in Surakarta Setyani, Rizka Ayu; Probandari, Ari Natalia; Demartoto, Argyo
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Female condom is an alternative method to prevent HIV/ AIDS transmission. However, its utilization is low and scanty among female sex workers. It is important to have knowledge on the factors that determine female condom use. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the acceptance and use of female condom among female sex workers in Surakarta.Subjects and Method: It was an analytic and observational study using case control design. The study was conducted at a prostitution area in Surakarta, Central Java, from August to September 2016. A total of 230 female sex workers consisting of 110 female sex workers who used female condoms and 120 female sex workers who did not use female condoms, was selected purposively in this study. The dependent variables were acceptance and use of female condom. The independent variables were sex partner support, peer educator support, and pimp support. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Acceptance of female condom was associated with its use among female sex workers (b = 0.30; p < 0.001). Peer educator support was associated with acceptance of female condom (b = 0.06; p < 0.001). Peer educator support (b = 0.03; nilai p = 0.012) and sex partner support (b = 0.05;  p = 0.042). The association between acceptance of female condom and pimp support was not statistically significant (p = 0.133).Conclusion: Peer educator support and sex partner support have direct association with both acceptance and use of female condom among female sex workers. Keywords: path analysis, support, sex partner, peer educator, consistant use, female condom, female sex workersCorrespondence: Rizka Ayu Setyani. School of Midwivery, Respati University, Yogyakarta. Email: bidanrizkaayusetyani@gmail.comJournal of Health Promotion and Behavior(2016), 1(2): 120-126https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.07
Health Belief Model on Sexual Behavior Issues among Prisoners at Prison in Pekalongan, Central Java Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma; Pranita, Liliana Dwi
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Bacground: One of the basic human needs to be fulfilled is sexual need. Prisoners face problem in their sexual need fulfilment and freedom, due to the prison’s diciplinary system, including supervison, strict disciplinary mechanism, and enactment of spatial division between men and women. As a consequence, there often occur perverted sexual behaviors, including homosexuality. This study aimed to analyze the sexual behavior issues among prisoners at prison using Health Belief Model.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative descriptive study with phenomenological approach. The main key informants in this study were prisoners having imprisoned for one year or more and officers at Class IIA prison, in Pekalongan, Central Java. The supporting informants included health personnel (doctors and nurses) at Class IIA prison clinic.Results: All informants reported that they were susceptible to engage in risky sexual behaviors in order to fulfil their sexual need, such as masturbation and homosexuality. The psychological adverse effects they had experienced included fear and feeling of embarrassment their perverted sexual behaviors were recognized by others.  The informants reported that they did not have self-efficacy in coping with sexual need issues while in prison.Conclusion : The imprisonment system has an impact on the way inmates meet their sexual needs through masturbation. The role of prison officials is urgently needed to enable prisoners to address the problems of their biological needs through beneficial activities while in prison.Keywords: prisoners, sexual behaviors, Health Belief ModelCorrespondence: Liliana Dwi Pranita. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: lilin_quina@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6285647000303.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(3): 232-241https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.03.04
Health Belief Model on the Choice of Medical Doctor among Mothers of Children with Diarrhea Irnawati, Prita Yuliana; Salimo, Harsono; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background:Diseases among young children are the major causes of morbidity and mortality particularly in the developing countries. An estimated 13 million infants and children die annually in developing countries. In most developing countries, the health of the children is strongly dependant on maternal healthcare behavior. Evidence on health seeking behavior has been lacking in Central Java, Indonesia, particularly mothers choice to visit pediatrician rather than general practitioner for her ill child. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with the choice of medical doctor among mothers of children with diarrhea, using Health Belief Model.Subjects and Method:A case control study was carried out at Sangkrah community health center, Surakarta, Central Java, in January 2017. A sample of 164 mothers was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was mothers choice to visit doctor. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, seriousness, threat, benefit, and barrier. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results:The chance of mother decided to visit pediatrician rather than general practitioner was directly increased with strong perceived threat (b= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.24 to -1.57; p= 0.008), strong perceived benefit (b= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.19 to 1.50; p= 0.012), and decreased with strong perceived barrier (b= -0.67; 95% CI= -1.36 to 0.01; p= 0.053). Mothers choice to visit pediatrician was indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness.Conclusion:Mothers choice to visit pediatrician rather than general practitioner is directly increased with perceived threat, perceived benefit, and decreased with perceived barrier. Mothers choice to visit pediatrician is indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness.Keywords:mothers choice, pediatrician, general practitioner, diarrhea, health believe model, childrenCorrespondence:Prita Yuliana Irnawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: pritayuliana@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287835140534.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(2): 100-108https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.02.03
The Influence of Personal Factor, Husband’s support, Health Workers and Peers toward the Use of IVA Screening among Women of Reproductive Age in the Regency of Karanganyar Wakhidah, Martini Shoim; Hastuti, Uki Retno Budi; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Cervix cancer has been one of the highest cancer cases and becomes one of the main problems in women’s health throughout the world. The percentage of Women of Reproductive Age who performs early cancer detection is an indicator of success for health development. The Regency of Karanganyar is one of the regencies in the Province of Central Java with the percentage of Women of Reproductive Age who perform Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (IVA) is equal to 5.50%. This percentage is still far below the target that has been set which is 10.00%.Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was carried out in Re­gen­cy of Karanganyar. The subjects who had been involved were 150 respondents and these subjects were selected by means of fixed disease sampling. This sampling resulted in 50 cases and 100 controls. The dependent variable was behavior of using IVA screening, while the independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, husband’s support, health workers support, peer support, perceived threats and self-efficacy. In processing the data, the researchers implemented path analysis by means of Stata 13.Results: The results of the study showed perceived threats (b= 0.08; 95% CI= <0.01 until 0.16; p= 0.043), perceived benefits (b= 0.05; 95% CI= <-0.01 until 0.117; p= 0.091), perceived obstacles (b= -0.49; 95% CI= -0.07 until 0.11; p= 0.091), self-efficacy (b= 0.04; 95% CI= -0.13 until 0.11; p= 0.125), perceived susceptibility (b= 0.23; 95% CI= 0.11-0.34; p <0.001), perceived seriousness (b= 0.11; CI9 95%= 0.00 until 0.22; p= 0.049), husband’s support (b= 0.14; 95% CI= -0.01 until 0.29; p=0.068), health workers support (b= -0.23; 95% CI=-0.54 until 0.08; p= 0.149) and peer support (b= 0.18; 95% CI= -0.13 until 0.51; p= 0.256).Conclusion: There is a direct influence from perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, perceived threats and self-efficacy toward behavior of using IVA screening. Then, there is indirect influence from perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, husband’s support, health workers support and peer support toward behavior of using IVA screening.Keywords: IVA, HBM, support, path analysisCorrespondence: Martini Shoim Wakhidah. Masters Program of Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email:afkarshoim_msw@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6285235464812.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017),  2(2): 124-137https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.02.03
Factors Associated with Exercise among Elderly in Boyolali, Indonesia Puspitosari, Aniek; Soemanto, RB; Wijaya, Mahendra
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: The elderly will face more problems by getting older. One of which is degenerative disease due to of aging process, such as cardiovascular disease. In the year 2001 (SKRT) data indicated that there were 26.4% elderly suffered from hypertension disease. Exercise for elderly is one of primary preventive actions. Research should be done related to the practice exercise for elderly. This study was aimed to determine the factors of physical exercise for elderly based on health belief model (HBM).Subjects and Method: This was an analytic qualitative study with cross-sectional design. This conducted in Sobokerto, Ngemplak, Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia. A total sample of 80 elderly with hypertension and participate in physical exercises. Data analysis used chi square and logistic regression.Results: The results showed that the perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action have relationship with physical exercise. There is positive relationship and statically significant between perceived susceptibility with high phycical exercise (OR= 27.01; 95% CI= 2.04 to 357.91; p= 0.012), high perceived benefits (OR= 26.95; 95% CI= 2.20 to 392.05; p= 0.010), high perceived barriers (OR= 0.021; 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.90 p= 0.044), cues to action (OR= 21.37; 95% CI= 1.94 to 259.92; p = 0.044).Conclusion: The HBM constructs on the physical exercise of elderly who are at risk for hypertension. The most important HBM predictors of physical exercise were perceived susceptibility.Keywords: physical exercise, elderly, hypertension, health belief modelCorrespondence: Aniek Puspitosari. Health Polytechnic, Poltekkes of Surakarta Indonesia.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(1): 41-45https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.01.06
Health Belief Model on the Determinants of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in Women of Reproductive Age in Surakarta, Central Java Fitriani, Yulia; Mudigdo, Ambar; Andriani, Rita Benya
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in a woman's cervix. Cervical cancer is caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer ranked fourth against most women's cancer. The incidence of cervical cancer was estimated at 528,000 (7.9%) cases worldwide causing 266,000 deaths in 2012. The HPV vaccine can protect women from HPV infection, thus lowering the risk of cervical cancer. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of HPV vaccination in women of reproductive age in Permata Harapan Oncology Clinic, Surakarta, Central Java, using Health Belief Model.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. This study was conducted at Permata Harapan Oncology Clinic, Surakarta, from January to February 2018. A total study of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was HPV vaccination. The independent variables were knowledge, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived barrier, perceived benefit, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: HPV vaccination increased with better knowledge (OR=7.97; 95% CI= 1.50 to 42.38; p= 0.015), perceived seriousness (OR=22.81; 95% CI= 6.06 to 85.86; p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (OR=4.03; 95% CI= 1.25 to 13.09; p=0.020), , perceived benefit (OR­=6.57; 95% CI= 1.88 to 22.98; p=0.003), family income (OR=5.32; 95% CI= 1.57 to 18.07; p=0.007), and family support (OR=6.86; 95% CI= 1.55 to 30.36; p= 0.011). HPV vaccination decreased with perceived barrier (OR=0.14; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.51; p=0.003).Conclusion: HPV vaccination increases with better knowledge perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, family income, and family support, but decreases with perceived barrier.Keywords: HPV vaccination, knowledge, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived barrier, perceived benefit, family income, family supportCorrespondence: Yulia Fitriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: yuliafitriani38@gmail.com. Mobile: 085655708946.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(1): 16-26https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.01.02 
Health Belief Model on Psychosocial Factors Influencing HIV/AIDS Prevention Behavior on Lesbian Community in Surakarta Nahak, Maria Paula Marla; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: HIV/AIDS keeps on becoming a global problem. Even though there are some scientific breakthroughs on the disease and how to prevent, most people are still under the risk to contract it. The number of HIV/AIDS incidences on lesbian is still low, up to the point of considering them as low risk. This study was aimed to analyze Health Belief Model on the psychosocial factors that influence HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in lesbian community in Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic qualitative study with phenomenology approach, conducted at Talita Kum Community, Surakarta. Key informant in this study was the Head of Talita Kum Community, with their members as main informants, and supporting informants from the health workers, Non-Government Organization and Regional Commission on AIDS Prevention (KPAD), selected by purposive and snowball sampling. The data were collected by in-depth interview, non-participating observation, and document review. The data were analyzed by Miles and Huberman method.Results: The lesbian community in Surakarta is quite knowledgeable on the HIV/AIDS concept. But they still did not have enough understanding of how to prevent it. This could be very beneficial to lessen the chance of HIV from spreading and evolving into AIDS. The study result stated that the lesbian community did not consider themselves to be on the risk. Therefore, they lack the preventing method. However, bisexual woman considered herself to be at high risk; therefore, she regularly conducted medical check-up.Conclusion: The knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk factors on lesbian have to be socialized so they could take the proper prevention steps.Keywords: lesbian, health belief model, psychosocial factorCorrespondence: Maria Paula Marla Nahak. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: marlanahak858@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282328282282.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(1):15-26https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.01.02
PRECEDE- PROCEED Model on Determinants of Completeness Immunization Status among Infants in Bangkalan District, Madura Putri, Lidia Aditama; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Universal Child Immunization is a government program aimed at preventing infectious diseases. However, its target level has not been attained. Bangkalan is one of the districts with low immunization coverage. This study aimed to analyze PRECEDE-PROCEED model on determinants of complete immunization status among infants in Bangkalan District, Madura.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 10 community health centers in Bangkalan, Madura, from August to October, 2017. A total sample of 200 infants aged 9-12 months were selected by cluster sampling with community health center serving has the cluster. The dependent variable was completeness of immunization status. The independent variable were education, knowledge, maternal job status, attitude, distance to health facility, information exposure, family support, and health personnel support. The data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Completeness of immunization status was increased by positive maternal attitude (b=0.82; 95% CI= 0.10 to 1.55; p= 0.027), strong health personnel support (b= 0.79; 95% CI = -0.10 to 1.67; p= 0.081), and information exposure (b= 1.52; 95% CI= 0.75 to 2.29; p= 0.001), but was decreased by distance to health facility (b= -1.28; 95% CI= -2.13 to -0.44; p= 0.003). Positive maternal attitude was increased by strong family support (b= 1.35; 95% CI= 0.71 to 2.00; p= 0.001) and better knowledge (b= 2.29; 95% CI= 1.06 to 3.54; p= 0.001). Better knowledge was increased by information exposure (b= 1.54; 95% CI= 0.58 to 2.51; p= 0.002). Strong family support was increased by maternal working outside the house (b= 0.64; 95% CI= 0.03 to 1.26; p= 0.040). Maternal working outside the house (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.51 to 1.75; p= 0.001) and better knowledge (b= 1.27; 95% CI= 0.42 to 2.13; p= 0.003) were increased by high level of education.Conclusion: Completeness of immunization status is increased by positive maternal attitude, strong health personnel support, and information exposure, but was decreased by distance to health facility.Keyword: determinant, universal child immunization, PRECEDE-PROCEED modelCorrespondence: Lidia Aditama Putri. Prodi Kebidanan di STIKES Insan Unggul Surabaya,  Jln. Raya Kletek No. 4 Taman, Sidoarjo 61257, Jawa Timur. E-mail: liydya30@gmail.com. Mobile +6285230752110Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(4): 291-301https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.02.04.01  

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