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INDONESIA
Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 537 Documents
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Determinants of Pregnancy Complications in Indonesia (Analysis of Indonesian Health Survey 2023) Bella Safhira; Nurmalia Ermi
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 9 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.05.01

Abstract

Background: Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (2020) shows that MMR in Indonesia reached 189 deaths per 100,000 live births, which is higher than in countries in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, and Vietnam. Maternal deaths are often caused by complications during pregnancy and childbirth, most of which are preventable or treatable (WHO, 2020). This study aims to identify factors that influence the occurrence of pregnancy complications in Indonesia Subjects and Method: This type of research is analytical observational with a cross-sectional study design. The target population was women aged 10-54 years who had given birth in Indonesia. The total sample of this study was 50,221 respondents. The dependent variable studied was pregnancy complications, and the independent variables were age, mother's education level, employment status, mother's region of residence, parity, multiple pregnancy, antenatal care (ANC) frequency, and ANC examination components. Data were obtained through direct interviews and the MCH book then analyzed using the Complex Sample method.              Results: Maternal age (aOR= 1.23; 95% CI= 1.11 to 1.36; p<0.001), maternal education (aOR= 0.90; 95% CI= 0.81 to 0.99; p= 0.038), maternal occupation (aOR= 0.88; 95% CI= 0.80 to 0.96; p= 0.008), maternal area of residence (aOR= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.66 to 0.81; p <0.001), multiple pregnancies (aOR= 1.83; 95% CI= 1.19 to 2.80; p= 0.005), and ANC (aOR= 1.17; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.29; p= 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with pregnancy complications. Conclusion: To reduce the risk of pregnancy complications, pregnant women are strongly advised to regularly perform ANC visits and ultrasounds according to the latest regulations and conduct pregnancy examinations according to the 10T standard. Mothers with multiple pregnancies must ensure adequate nutritional intake due to higher nutrition needs.
Metrics from a Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening Program – A Tale of Unmet Challenges Kanani, Fatima; Kumar, Vikram; Mushtaq, Mamona; Sameer, Dua; Ali, Rehan
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.01.01.02

Abstract

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common Inherited Metabolic Diseases for which newborn screening is recommended. A wide-scale program for this is lacking in our country. We undertook a study to retrospectively review our metrics from a regional project for newborn screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism including frequency of elevated neonatal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), recall rate, rate of missed testing and turnaround time for results. Subjects and Method: Retrospective data of neonates born between 13th July 2020 and 10th August 2021 was collected from electronic medical records. Dried blood spot specimens for TSH were collected from the umbilical cords for neonates born vaginally and by heel prick for those born by caesarian section and sent to the designated laboratory. Data was entered on Microsoft Excel and analyzed. Results: 4037 babies were screened for neonatal TSH, 2149 males and 1888 females. The median (IQR) TSH level was 3.34 (2.09-5.30) µIU/mL. The TSH levels of ≥15 µIU/mL were noted in 95 newborns, out of which 31 newborns had values of ≥ 20 µIU/mL. There was a median (IQR) turnaround time of 14.00 (4.00-55.00) days for initial results accessibility to the clinician. The recall rate was 0.3%. Around 10% of the neonates were not screened and retesting was performed in 12 neonates with high TSH. Only one neonate was identified with persistently raised TSH and suppressed FT4. Conclusion: Congenital Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in one out of 4037 neonates while 10% were not screened. Recall rate was low, 0.3%. The median turnaround time for reporting was 14 days. Increased awareness, strict monitoring, resource allocation, administrative support and follow-up are required for successful implementation of a CH screening program.
An Analysis of the Quality of Life of Children Experiencing Stunting and Wasting Born to Adolescent Mothers in the Alak District Nenogasu, Yeri Delsia; Wulandari, Estiyani; Buan, Gerda N.
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.01.01

Abstract

Background: Adolescent pregnancy remains a prevalent global issue with well-documented causes. However, it contributes significantly to nutritional challenges among young children, including stunting and wasting. This study aims to assess the impact of neonatal health, maternal caregiving practices, incidence of illness, disease prevention efforts, and nutritional intake on the quality of life of stunted and wasted children aged 37–60 months born to adolescent mothers. Subjects and Method: This study is analytical correlational research using a cross-sectional approach. The study is conducted in Alak District (Consisting of Penkase, Alak, Naoini, and Manutapen Community Health Centers), Kupang City, from September to October 2024. The sample comprises 50 mother-child pairs selected based on specified inclusion criteria. Data collection, including primary and secondary sources, was conducted from September to October 2024 following ethical approval. The study aims to analyze the effects of latent variables within a factor model related to the quality of life of children. These latent variables include the newborn’s health history, maternal caregiving practices, illness occurrence, disease control efforts, nutritional intake, and the child’s quality of lifePartial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was performed using the Smart PLS 3.0 software. Results: The study findings reveal that newborn health, maternal caregiving practices, illness incidence, disease control efforts, and nutritional intake have both direct and indirect positive effects on children's quality of life. Significant direct positive relationships were observed between maternal caregiving practices and nutritional intake (T-statistic: 3.307), maternal caregiving practices and disease control efforts (T-statistic: 2.151), and disease control efforts and children’s quality of life (T-statistic: 2.578). Conclusion: Preventing adolescent pregnancy and childbirth is crucial, as it significantly impacts the long-term growth and development of children.
THE The Relationship Between Hemoglobin Levels of Pregnant Mothers and Low Birth Weight at Dr. Moewardi Regional Hospital Surakarta Liandoro, Otniel; Fikritama, Aisya; Sekarhandini, Pitra; Vidya, Pridania
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 9 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.05.05

Abstract

Background: Anemia is one of the nutritional problems commonly encountered in pregnant women. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that approximately 37% of pregnant women worldwide experience anemia. This condition reduces the amount of oxygen and nutrient supply available in the mother's blood, which can disrupt the development and growth of the fetus. The growth disturbances in the fetus can be evaluated through anthropometric examinations, such as measuring the birth weight of the baby. This study aims to determine the relationship between hemoglobin levels in pregnant women and the incidence of low birth weight. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Regional Hospital in Surakarta from May to July 2024. A total of 68 pragnant women selected for this study. The dependent variable was newborn baby weight. The independent variable was hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in the third trimester. The data obtained from patient medical records. The data analyzed using a multiple logistic regression.    Results: Low Hb levels (anemia) increase the incidence of LBW. Pregnant women with low Hb levels (anemia) have a 2.30 times greater risk of experiencing LBW compared to pregnant women with normal HB levels, but this result was not statistically significant (OR= 2.30; 95% CI = 0.14 to 38.63; p = 0.563). Conclusion: Low Hb levels increase the incidence of LBW, but it is not statistically.
Effect of Health Education Using the Questions and Answers Module on Knowledge about Breastfeeding Meilanda, Vella; Yanuarti, Riska; Wati, Nopia; Afriyanto; Pratiwi, Bintang Agustina
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.01.01.03

Abstract

Background: Lack of knowledge about breastfeeding is often a major barrier for mothers to provide exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby's life, This is recommended as the optimal standard to support infant growth and health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education using the Questions and Answers module in improving knowledge about breastfeeding. Specifically, it sought to assess the extent to which this educational approach enhances participants' understanding of breastfeeding benefits, techniques, and common challenges. The study aimed to determine whether the interactive nature of the module leads to better knowledge retention compared to traditional educational methods. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experimental design involving 30 third trimester pregnant women who were divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received education based on question-and-answer modules, while the control group relied on standard Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books. The dependent variable included knowledge about breastfeeding. The independent variable was health education using the Questions and Answers module, as it represented the intervention aimed at improving participants' breastfeeding knowledge. The data were then collected by questionnaire. The mean difference of knowledge before and after question-and-answer modules was tested by independent t-test. Results: Knowledge scores about breastfeeding were higher in the intervention group (Mean= 19.60; SD= 2.13) than in the control group (Mean= 16.27; SD= 2.15), but this result was not statistically significant (p= 0.253). Conclusion: There was an increase in knowledge scores about breastfeeding after the Questions & Answers module was given, but the results were not statistically significant. There is a need to develop more interactive education programs to support mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding, especially in areas with low levels of knowledge.
Comparison of Preeclampsia Rates in Pregnant Women with Mild vs. Moderate-to-Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Permana, Sandi Putra; Adrianes, Muhammad Bachnas; Aryoseto, Lukman; Yuliantara, Eric
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 9 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.05.07

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia and is often associated with autoimmune conditions, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the proportion of preeclampsia in pregnant women with mild and moderate-severe SLE. Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional design conducted in RSUD Dr. Moewardi. The population consisted of pregnant women with SLE treated at RSUD Dr. Moewardi between 2021 and 2023. A total of 77 pregnant patients with SLE selected from this study. The dependent variable was preeclampsia. The independent variable was pregnant women with SLE. This study utilized tools and materials in the form of medical record data from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis with SPSS software and Fisher’s exact test tests. Results: A total of 77 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects with moderate-severe degrees had preeclampsia 28.6% (n = 4). While subjects with mild degrees experienced preeclampsia 20.6% (n = 13). There was no significant relatoionship between the degree of systemic lupus erythematosus activity and preeclampsia (p = 0.496). Conclusion: This study showed no significant association between the degree of systemic lupus erythematosus activity and preeclampsia.
Comparison of Pregnancy Loss Proportions Between Pregnant Women with Mild and Moderate-Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Dinda Husna Azalia Soesetyo; Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas; Lilik Wijayanti; Abdurahman Laqif
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 9 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.05.06

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is considered high-risk due to potential negative impacts on both the mother and fetus, such as pregnancy loss. One of the factors influencing pregnancy loss in SLE patients is increased lupus activity and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pregnancy loss and SLE disease activity levels. Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital. The population consisted of pregnant women with SLE treated at RSUD Dr. Moewardi between 2021 and 2023. A total of 81 pregnant patients with SLE selected through purposive sampling. The dependent variable was pregnancy loss. The independent variable was pregnant women with SLE. This study utilized tools and materials in the form of medical record data from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis with SPSS software and Fisher’s exact test tests. Results: A total of 81 respondents meeting the inclusion criteria were included, consisting of 66 pregnant women with mild SLE activity and 15 pregnant women with moderate-to-severe SLE activity. There was no significant relationship between the degree of systemic lupus erythematosus activity and pregnancy loss (p =0.723). Conclusion: There is no significant association between pregnancy loss and the degree of systemic lupus erythematosus activity, whether mild or moderate-severe.
Health Belief Model: Analysis of Maternal Perception on Completeness of Child Immunization Status in Manokwari, West Papua Pihahey, Priscilla Jessica
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.01.01.04

Abstract

Background: Immunization can save millions of lives and is one of the most economical health interventions in the world. Parental perception is crucial in decision-making, but the mother’s characteristics, family, beliefs, culture, and environment influence perception. The Health Bilieu Model theory can show evidence that supports predictions about parents’ decisions to immunize their children. Subjects and Method: The design of this study is observational analysis with a case-control design. The research was conducted in 3 working areas of the Puskesmas in the Manokwari district, namely the Prafi SP IV Health Center, the Pasir Putih Health Center, and the Sanggeg Health Center. The research was conducted from July to August 2023. The target population is mothers who have children >9 months old. A total of 96 samples were selected using the fixed disease sampling tech­nique. The incomplete immunization case group was 24, and the complete immunization control group was 72. The dependent variable is the completeness of immunization status, and the inde­pen­dent variable is the maternal perception of threats, benefits, seriousness, obstacles, and vulne­rabilities. The data were analyzed by PATH analysis. Results: The completeness of basic immunization, as reviewed from the Health Belief Model during the Covid-19 Pandemic, was directly influenced by the perception of barriers to the completeness of immunization status (b= 0.99; 95% CI= -0.43 to 2.02; p= 0.060), the perception of benefits to the completeness of immunization status (b= 1.15; 95% CI= 0.11 to 2.19; p= 0.029) and the perception of threats to the completeness of immunization status (b= 1.36; 95% CI= 0.30 to 2.41; p= 0.012). Indirect influence through threat perception is: Vulnerability perception (b= 0.08; 95% CI= -0.87 to 1.04; p= 0.858) and Vulnerability perception (b= 0.25; 95% CI= -0.69 to 1.18; p= 0.606).   Conclusion: Maternal characteristics and maternal perception of obstacles, benefits, threats, seriousness, and vulnerability significantly affect the completeness of basic immunization for infants aged 0 months to 9 months.
Relationship Between Pregnancy Anemia and Depression in Postpartum Mothers: Systematic Review Wijayanti, Poppy; Bainuan, Lina Darmayanti; Yuliana, Nur Aida
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 9 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.05.10

Abstract

Background: Anemia is one of the most significant global public health problems that affects a person's physical and mental abilities. Geography, lifestyle, and diet influence the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women, which is estimated to range from 14 to 80% in different countries (WHO, 2019. This study aims to analyze the relationship between pregnancy anemia and the incidence of depression in postpartum mothers. Subjects and Method: Systematic Review using the PRISMA diagram in the RevMan 5.3 application. Database searches from PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct were conducted in 2022-2024, and can be accessed for free, with the search terms "Anemia in pregnancy" OR "Low level of hemoglobin in pregnancy" AND "depression". Results: A total of 6 articles that were selected from 432 quantitative articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, showed that there was a significant relationship between gestational anemia and the incidence of depression in postpartum mothers. However, some articles have not shown a significant association between pregnancy anemia and postpartum depression. Conclusion: Although there are studies that have not significant results, the administration of blood supplement tablets and monitoring of Fe intake in pregnant women for the prevention of anemia is important because there is a 50% chance of causing depression and other consequences during and after childbirth.
A Path Analysis of Social Cognitive Theory Implementation in Exclusive Breastfeeding Rismawati, Normalia Levi; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Novika, Revi Gama Hatta
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 9 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.05.09

Abstract

Background: Choosing exclusive breast milk is the best decision made by mothers for the health of mothers and babies, breast milk is the best nutrition for babies in the first 6 months of life. This study aims to identify how Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) factors through self-efficacy, outcome expectation, modeling, and reinforcement in maternal decision-making to determine the choice of exclusive breastfeeding and the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Subjects and Methods: This study uses a cross sectional study approach. The target population is mothers who have children aged 0-6 months in 12 health centers in the Boyolali Regency area. A total of 256 study samples were determined using the Purposive Random Sampling technique. The dependent variable is the selection of exclusive breast milk. The independent variables are self-efficacy, outcome expectation, modeling, reinforcement. Data were collected through questionnaires and multivariate analysis using pathway analysis techniques and using STATA 17. Results: The results of the pathway analysis showed that the selection of exclusive breast milk was directly influenced by self-efficacy (OR= 2.22; CI 95%= 1.22 to 4.02; p=0.009) and strengthening (OR= 5.06; CI 95%= 2.81 to 9.14; p<0.001). The selection of exclusive breast milk was indirectly influenced through self-efficacy by modeling (OR= 1.74; CI 95%= 1.00 to 3.02; p=0.050), outcome expectation (OR= 2.66; CI 95%= 1.55 to 4.56; p<0.001). Influenced by strengthening by outcome expectations (OR= 2.98; CI 95%= 1.70 to 5.23; p<0.001). Conclusion: The choice of exclusive breastfeeding is directly influenced by self-efficacy and strengthening. It is also indirectly influenced by modeling and outcome expectations

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