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Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 549 Documents
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Path Analysis: Effects of Psychological and Socio-Economic Exposures During Gestational Period on the Risk of Under Nutrition in Children Under Five Nurindahsari, Yespy Anna Wahyu; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: In Indonesia the prevalence of under nutrition in children under five in 2013 was estimated to be 12.2%. It is estimated that there are still 4.5 million children underfive with under or poor nutrition have not been detected. Poor nutrition in children under five may have serious impact on their health outcome and  cognitive ability in later life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psychological and socio-economic exposure during gestational period and geographical area on the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Subjects and method: This was an analytical observational using case-control design. This study was conducted in Klaten, Central Java, from 8 September to 2 December 2016. A total of 150 subjects consisting of 57 children under five with birth weight <2.500 gram and 93 children under five with birth weight ≥ 2.500 gram, were selected by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was weight for age. The independent variable includedmaternal education, family income, number of children, middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), maternal gestational stress, slow fetal growth for gestasional age, low birth weight, nutritional intake, geographic area. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, 24 hours food recall, and medical record. The data were analyzed using path analysis.Results: Nutritional intake that is lower than recommended allowance (b=3.14; 95%CI=1.09 to 5.20; p=0.003) and history of birth weight <2.500 gram (b=1.70; 95%CI=0.71 to 2.70; p=0.001) increased the risk of under nutrition in children under five. Slow fetal growth for gestational age, maternal gestational stress, family income < Rp 2,000,000, and middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), had indirect significant effect on the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Conclusion: Nutritional intake lower than recommended allowance and birth weight <2.500 gram increased the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Keywords: gestational period, psychological and socio-economic exposure, under nutrition, children under five.Correspondence: Yespy  Anna Wahyu Nurindahsari. School of Health Sciences Guna Bangsa, Yogyakarta.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 83-92https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.03
Path Analysis Risk Factors that Influence Maternal Mortality in District of Brebes -, Masturoh; Respatih, Supriyadi Hari; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Maternal and Child Health

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Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality is one of health indicators of a country. Based on demographic and health survey in Indonesia in 2012, the data presented the fact that there was a significant increase on maternal mortality which was 359 maternal mortality in every 100,000 live births. Maternal mortality rate indicated a decrease to 305 maternal mortality in every 100,000 live births which was stated as a finding in Intercensal Population Survey in 2015. District of Brebes was one of the districts in the province of Central Java which had the highest maternal mortality in 2016 which was 54 maternal mortality. This research aims to reveal the risk factors that influence maternal mortality. Those are proximate determinants, intermediate determinants and contextual determinants.Subjects and Method: This research was observational analitical study design using a case control. This research was conducted in district of Brebes, Central Java from February to March 2017. Subjects of the research were 162 which were chosen using a table of Sample Size for a Hypothesis Test of the Odds Ratio (1:2), and acquiring 54 cases and 108 controls. The dependent variables were maternal mortality, and the independent variables were maternal education, maternal job, numbers of visits to Antenatal Clinic (ANC), birth attendant, place of delivering babies, high-risk pregnancy, obstetric complications. The data was univariately, bivariately and multivariately analised using a double logistic regression, and then stata 13 path analysis.Results: The results of this research indicated that the risk factors which directly influenced maternal mortality were the amount of visits to ANC<4 times (b= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.42;  p= 0.006;) and obstretical complications (b= 1.78; 95% CI= 1.85 to 0.14; p= 0.013). Besides of the ability to recognise the direct effects, path analysis was also to used to present the risk factors that indirectly influenced maternal mortality. Those were high level of education (b= -0.63; 95% CI= -0.91 to 0.34; p= 0.001) and maternal jobs that influenced their numbers of visits to ANC (b = 1.00; 95% CI= 0.34 to 1.67; p= 0.003).Conclusion: Amount of visits to ANC < 4 times and obstretical complications are influenced maternal mortality. High level of education and maternal jobs are influenced their numbers of visits to ANC.Keywords : maternal mortality, risk factors, case control, path analysisCorrespondence: Masturoh. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: masturoh.bmd@gmaill.com. Mobile: +628783000101.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 11-19https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.02
Multilevel Analysis: The Effect of Socioeconomic, Birth Weight, and Nutrition Intake with Wasting in Boyolali, Central Java Roobiati, Nur Fika; Poncorini, Eti; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Wasting is a major health problem. Globally, wasting accounts for 4.7% of all deaths of children aged under 5 years. Severely wasted children are, on average, 11 times more likely to die than their healthy counterparts. This study aimed to investigate the effect of socioeconomic, birth weight, and nutrition intake with wasting in Boyolali, Central Java, using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was conducted in Boyolali, Central Java, from April to May 2018. Twenty five posyandus (integrated health posts) were selected and positioned at level 2 in the multilevel model (MLM) analysis. A sample of 200 children under five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling and positioned at level 1 in the MLM. The dependent variable was wasting. The independent variables were birth weight, nutrition intake, maternal education, family income, and family size. Data on wasting was measured by microtoise and weight scale. Nutrition intake was measured by food recall. The other variables were collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by a MLM analysis.Results: The risk of wasting decreased with high family income (b= -1.92; 95% CI= -3.77 to -0.08; p= 0.041), high maternal education (b= -2.68; 95% CI= -4.97 to -0.38; p= 0.022), small family size (b= -2.01; 95% CI= -3.67 to -0.35; p= 0.018), normal birth weight (b= -2.55; 95% CI= -4.89 to -0.21; p= 0.033), good nutritional intake (b= -2.18; 95% CI= -3.95 to -0.41; p= 0.016). Posyandu had a contextual effect on wasting with ICC= 21.45%.Conclusion: The risk of wasting decreases with high family income, high maternal education, small family size, normal birth weight, good nutritional intake. Posyandu has a contextual effect on wasting.Keywords: wasting, socioeconomic, birth weight, nutrition intake, children under fiveCorrespondence:Nur Fika Roobiati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: nur_fika@ymail.com. Mobile: +6285799504324.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(1): 9-16https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.01.02
Multilevel Analysis on the Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Temanggung, Central Java Khayati, Yulia Nur; Prayitno, Adi; Poncorini, Eti
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Infants with low birth weight or LBW is one of the risk factors for infant mortality. Complications LBW actually can be prevented and dealt with, but is constrained by access to health care, socio-economic circumstances, a referral system that has not gone well, delays in early detection and awareness of parents to seek medical help. By looking at the number of deaths caused by LBW remains high, and research on the causes of LBW widely used partial analysis, and have not been analyzed in stages, the researchers conducted this research with multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an observational studt with case control design. A total sample of 120 infants were selected by fixed disease sampling with a ratio of 1: 2 between cases and controls. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: There are three variables at the individual level were significantly associated with LBW and was statistically significant can among others, mother’s education (OR= 0.19; 95% CI= 0:07 to 0.53; p= 0.001), history of ANC t (OR= 7.76; 95% CI= 2.18 to 27.62; p= 0.002) and the nutritional mother status (OR= 5.61; 95% CI= 0.21 to 0.79; p= 0.008) and the variables that are not statistically significant is the mother’s age and family income, and there are  no contextual role within house with wellness facilities with LBW expressed by ICC < 0.001.Conclusion: The influence of maternal education, a history of the ANC examination and nutritional status of mothers with LBW and there is no contextual role of distance between home and health care facilities with LBW. This study suggests to health professional to improve the coverage of the ANC.Keywords: multilevel analysis, factor low birth weightCorrespondence: Yulia Nur Khayati. School of Health and sciences, STIKes Ngudi Waluyo, Ungaran, Indonesia. Email: yulia.farras@gmail.com.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 7-12https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.01.02
Prevalence and Determinants of Postpartum Depression in Sukoharjo District, Central Java Putriarsih, Ryanawati; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Maternal and Child Health

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Abstract

Background: After delivery of psychological disorder otherwise appropriately and immediately handled may lead to postpartum depression (PPD). PPD has a serious impact on mothers that manifests as lower quality of life and inability to care of themselves, their partner, and infants. There is a lack of studies on PPD in Indonesia. Its prevalence and determinants are not well-understood. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and the determinants of PPD in Sukoharjo, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at community health centers in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, from November to December 2017. A total sample of 200 postpartum mothers was selected for this study using cluster random sampling, with a community health center as the cluster. The dependent variable was PPD. The independent variables were maternal age, parity, labor complication, maternal education, self-efficacy, family income, coping strategy, unwanted pregnancy, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: PPD prevalence in Sukoharjo, Central Java, was 18.5%. The risk of PPD increased with labor complication (b= 3.14, SE= 0.45, p<0.001), unwanted pregnancy (b= 1.54, SE= 0.45, p<0.001), and low family income (b= -0.05, SE= 0.01, p<0.001). The risk of PPD decreased with age (b= -0.07, SE= 0.03, p= 0.028), stronger self-efficacy (b= -0.55, SE= 0.09, p<0.001), and improved coping strategy (b= -0.56, SE= 0.03, p= 0.064). PPD was indirectly affected by younger age, parity, weaker family support, lower family income, coping strategy, and maternal education.Conclusion: PPD prevalence is 18.5% in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The risk of PPD increases with labor complication, unwanted pregnancy, and low family income, but decreases with age, stronger self-efficacy, and improved coping strategy.Keyword: prevalence, postpartum depression, determinant, path analysisCorrespondence: Ryanwati Putriarsih. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: puuputriana@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281393085790Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 395-408https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.03.01.02 
Life Course Epidemiology on the Determinants of Stunting in Children Under Five in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Sajalia, Husniyati; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Stunting remains a challenging global health issue. It is estimated by Global Nutrition Report that 155 million children were stunted in 2017. Stunting is associated with an underdeveloped brain, with long-lasting harmful consequences, including diminished mental ability and learning capacity, poor school performance in childhood, reduced earnings and increased risks of nutrition-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in future. This study aimed to examine the determinants of stunting in children under five in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was carried out in 31 posyandus (integrated family health posts) in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, from April to May 2018.A sample of 186 children was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were low birthweight (LBW), birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, history of infection disease, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run in Stata 13.Results: The risk of stunting increased with LBW (b= 3.51; 95% CI= -0.28 to 7.31; p= 0.069), maternal age at pregnancy <20 or ?35 years (b= 2.73; 95% CI= 0.38 to 5.42; p=0.047), andhistory of infectious disease (b= 3.70; 95% CI= 0.84 to 6.56; p=0.011). The risk of stunting reduced with high family income (b= -2.15; 95% CI= -4.37 to 0.61; p=0.057), birth length (b= -4.17; 95% CI= -7.42 to -0.91; p=0.012), exclusive breastfeeding (b= -3.24; 95% CI= -5.63to -0.85; p=0.008), and maternal MUAC ?23.5cm (b= -4.53; 95% CI= -8.09to -0.97; p=0.013). Posyandu had a contextual effect on the incidence of child stunting with ICC= 15.00%.Conclusion: The risk of stunting increases with LBW, maternal age at pregnancy <20 or ?35 years, and history of infectious disease. The risk of stunting reduces with high family income, birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, and maternal MUAC. Posyandu has a contextual effect on the incidence of child stunting.Keywords: Stunting, low birthweight, birth length, exclusive breastfeedingCorrespondence:Husniyati Sajalia. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: sajalia@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281997987081Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(4): 242-251https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.04.01
Effects of Maternal Nutrition Status, Maternal Education, Maternal Stress, and Family Income on Birthweight and Body Length at Birth in Klaten, Central Java Nurmayanti, Rika; Salimo, Harsono; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Birthweight and body length at birth are predictors of morbidity and mortality in children under five years old and adult age. Low birthweight increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in children under five. This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal nutrition status, maternal education, maternal stress, and family income, on birthweight and body length at birth in Klaten, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with case control design. The study was conducted at Manisrenggo and Bayat community health centers, Klaten District, Central Java, in April 2017. A total sample of 120 children aged 0 to 6 months and their mothers were selected for this study using fixed disease sampling. The dependent variables were birthweight and body length and birth. The independent variables were maternal nutrition status, maternal education, maternal stress, and family income. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. Maternal nutrition status at pregnancy was measured by mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Data on birthweight and body length at birth were taken from mother and child health monitoring book. The data was analyzed using path analysis.Results: Birthweight was directly and positively affected by maternal MUAC at pregnancy (b=0.50; SE=0.13; p<0.001), family income (b=0.11; SE=0.04; p=0.004), and maternal education (b=2.14; SE=0.88; p=0.016). Birthweight was directly and negatively affected by maternal stress (b=-1.81; SE=0.81; p=0.025). Body length at birth was directly and positively affected by maternal MUAC at pregnancy (b=0.16; SE=0.64; p=0.011) and family income (b=0.05; SE=0.18; p=0.005). Maternal MUAC at pregnancy was affected by maternal education (b=1.41; SE=0.58; p=0.014). Likewise, family income was affected by maternal education (b=5.28; SE=2.11; p=0.012).Conclussion: Maternal MUAC at pregnancy, family income, and maternal education positively and directly affect birthweight. Maternal stress directly and negatively affects birthweight. Body length at birth is directly and positively affected by maternal MUAC at pregnancy and family income.Keywords: birthweight, body length at birth, MUAC, maternal stressCorrespondence: Rika Nurmayanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: yicha.adjach@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281270333572.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 297-308https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.02
Multilevel Analysis on the Risk Factors of Post Partum Hemorrhage in Bondowoso, Central Java Saadah, Miftahus; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Aristin, Okid Parama
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: The primary causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia are hemorrhage (32%), pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia (25%), infection (5%), prolonged labor (5%), abortus (1%), and other causal factors not related to pregnancy and birth delivery (32%). This study aimed to investigate risk factors of post partum hemorrhage in Bondowoso, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. This study was conducted in Bondowoso, East Java, from  May, 15 to June, 15, 2016. A total of 90 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 30 women with post-partum bleeding and 60 control women without post-partum bleeding. The dependent variable was post-partum hemorrhage. The independent variables were age, parity, hemoglobin, obstetric history, use of ANC, and type of birth attendant. The data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The data were analyzed by mix-effect model.Results: Anemia (Hb <11 g%) (b=2.22; 95%CI=1.05 to 3.39; p=0.001) and obstetric history of bleeding (b=1.31; 95%CI= 0.15 to 2.47; p= 0.027) increased the risk logodd of postpartum hemorrhage, and it was statistically significant. ANC ≥ 4 times (b= -1.46; 95%CI=-2.95 to 0.02; p=0.052) decreased the risk logodd of postpartum hemorrhage, and it was marginally significant. Age <20 year or ≥ 35 year (b= 0.12; 95%CI= -1.01 to 1.26; p= 0.827) and parity = 1 or ≥4 (b= 0.18; 95%CI= -0.95 to 1.32; p=0.754) increased the risk logodd of postpartum hemorrhage, but it was not statistically significant. Multilevel analysis was not needed in this model because ICC <1%.Conclusion: Anemia and history of postpartum bleeding are important risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage. Use of ANC ≥4 times decreases the risk of postpartum bleeding.Keywords: Postpartum bleeding, risk factor.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(4): 205-213https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.01
What are the Factors that Affect the Risk of Parenting Stress in Mothers with Disability Children? A New Evidence from Sukoharjo, Central Java Fikriyyah, Syarifatul; Adriani, Rita Benya; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Mothers play an important role in the care of children with physical and psychological disabilities. However, the role of caring children with disabilities can cause stress for the mother. Parenting stress can lead to anxiety, emotional instability, and avoidance of the environment in mother. This, in turn, may deteriorate the quality of family life. As a result, children with disabilities may experience development and growth disorders. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the parenting stress in the caring of children with disability in Sukoharjo District, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Sanggar Inklusi, Sukoharjo, Central Java, from February to March 2018. A sample of 163 mothers with disabled children was selected for this study by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was parenting stress. The independent variables were adversity intelligence, disability level, maternal education, maternal employment status, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of maternal parenting stress increased with children disability (b= 4.64, SE= 1.72, p= 0.07) and mothers working outside the house (b= 1.68, SE= 0.93, p= 0.069). The risk of maternal parenting stress decreased with high adversity intelligence (b= -0.28, SE= 0.12, p= 0.016), high maternal education (b= -8.50, SE= 0.86, p< 0.001), high family income (b= -0.28, SE= 0.16, p= 0.078), and strong family support (b= -0.22, SE= 0.08, p= 0.007).Conclusion: The risk of maternal parenting stress increases with high children disability and maternal employment status, but decreases with high adversity intelligence, high maternal education, high family income, and strong family support.Keywords: parenting stress, children, disabilityCorrespondence:SyarifatulFikriyyah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: vivisyarifah@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6285642009597Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(2): 156-165https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.08
Risk Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Bondowoso District, East Java Puspitasari, Ratna; Hastuti, Uki Retno Budi; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of the maternal death worldwide. Postpartum hemorrhage accounted 20% of all causes of maternal death in Bondowoso, East Java. This study aimed to examine the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. The study was carried out at 5 community health centers, Bondowoso District, East Java, from March to May 2017. A sample of 120 study subjects were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 40 postpartum women with hemorrhage and 80 postpartum women without hemorrhage. The dependent variable was postpartum hemorrhage. The independent variables were family income, birth space, type of delivery, mothers middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), antenatal visit, and high-risk score card. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.Results: Post partum bleeding was directly affected by birth space <2 years or > 10 years (b=3.03; 95% CI = 1.52 to 4.55; p< 0.001), antenatal visit ≥ 4 times (b=3.35; 95% CI= 1.82 to 4.87; p< 0.001), High risk score <2 (b=2.18; 95% CI= 0.92 to 3.44; p= 0.001), type of delivery (b=1.63; 95% CI= 0.39 to 2.87; p= 0.010). High-risk score card was affected by birth space <2 years or > 10 years (b=0.80; 95% CI= 0.32 to 1.57; p= 0.041), family income < Rp 1,417,000 (b=0.72; 95% CI= -0.57 to 1.49; p= 0.070), and antenatal visit ≥ 4 (b=0.70; 95% CI= -0.07 to 1.48; p= 0.076). MUAC was affected by family income ≥ Rp 1,417,000 (b=0.67; 95% CI= -0.08 to 1.44; p= 0.083). Type of delivery (assisted) was affected by high-risk score card <2 (b=1.00; 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.77; p= 0.011) and mother’s MUAC <23.5 cm (b=1.04; 95% CI= 0.20 to 1.88; p= 0.015).Conclusion: Post partum bleeding was directly affected by birth space, antenatal visit, high risk score, type of delivery. High-risk score card was affected by birth space, family income, and antenatal visit. MUAC was affected by family income. Type of delivery (assisted) was affected by high-risk score card  and mother’s MUAC.Keywords: postpartum hemorrhage, risk factorCorrespondence: Ratna Puspitasari. Masters Program in Public Helath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: ratnapuspita1987@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: +6285791373311Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 177-187https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.08

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