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JURNAL SELULOSA

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Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia

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Jurnal Selulosa (JSel) is a journal that provides scientific information resources aimed at researchers and engineers in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and industries. Jurnal Selulosa publishes original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on cellulose, cellulose derivatives, pulp technology, paper technology, environment, biorefinery and other related topics. Formerly known as Berita Selulosa, and the first publication was in 1965. Since 2011, the journal renamed to Jurnal Selulosa.

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Articles 204 Documents

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MODIFIKASISERAT KERTAS BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN ENDOGLUKANASE EgIII Rina Masriani; Zeily Nurachman
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 2, No 02 (2012): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

To reduce the water holding capacity by removing amorphous structure of cellulose in waste paper fibers, the use of endoglucanase EgIII was investigated. The steps of research included production of endoglucanase EgIII, modification of waste paper fibers using endoglucanase, and lab-scale making of sheet of paper. Compared to the freeness number of pulp without modification, the freeness number of waste paper fiber suspension treated using endoglucanase EgIII increased by 37 mL CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness). The burst index of paper sheet produced by endoglucanase EgIII treatment showed no significant change. Tensile index of paper sheet produced by endoglucanase EgIII increased by 5 Nm/g.Keywords: endoglucanase EgIII, freeness, burst index, tensile index ABSTRAK Untuk mengurangi kemampuan serat kertas menyerap air, endoglukanase EgIII diaplikasikan untuk memodifikasi serat kertas bekas. Modifikasi serat kertas bekas dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah laju penghilangan air yang rendah pada serat kertas bekas. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah produksi endoglukanase EgIII; modifikasi serat kertas bekas dengan cara menginkubasi campuran endoglukanase EgIII dan bubur kertas bekas hasil penggilingan; dan pembuatan lembaran kertas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai freeness bubur serat kertas bekas termodifikasi oleh endoglukanase EgIII meningkat 37 mL CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness) dibandingkan dengan nilai freeness bubur kertas tanpa modifikasi. Indeks retak lembaran kertas termodifikasi oleh endoglukanase EgIII tidak berubah secara signifikan. Selain itu, indeks tarik lembaran kertas termodifikasi oleh endoglukanase EgIII meningkat 5 Nm/g.Kata kunci: endoglukanase EgIII, freeness, indeks retak, indeks tarik

PENGARUH KONDISI KULTUR PADA AKTIVITAS SELULASE ISOLAT Pycnoporus sp. DAN Phlebiopsis sp. (EFFECTS OF CULTURE CONDITIONS ON CELLULASE ACTIVITIES PRODUCED BY Pycnoporus sp. AND Phlebiopsis sp.) Luciasih Agustini; Ragil S.B Irianto; Maman Turjaman; Sarah Asih Faulina; Resti Ariantari; Sira Stephandra; Herni Yuniar; Aryanto Aryanto; Najmulah Najmulah; Ahmad Yani
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 7, No 02 (2017): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

The effects of media, pH and temperature on cellulase-complex enzyme produced by Pycnoporus sp. FORDACC-03452 and Phlebiopsis sp. FORDACC-02482 cultivated in rice bran and corn cobs media under solid state fermentation with pH 4–7 and temperature 30°C–45°C were investigated. Rice bran media showed a propensity to induce endo-β,1,4-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase productions, while corn cobs media induce β-glucosidase production. However, the mixture of rice bran and corn cobs did not result in better cellulase complex enzyme activities. Cellulase-complex produced by Pycnoporussp. showed superior activities compared to those produced by Phlebiopsissp. Crude enzyme of Pycnoporus sp. showed optimum specifc-activities of endo-β-1,4-glucanase at pH 6, temperature 35°C (0.403 ± 0.010 IU/mg), cellobiohydrolase at pH 6, temperature 40°C (0.540 ± 0.020 IU/mg) and β-glucosidase at pH 4, temperature 30 °C (0.022 ± 0.001 IU/mg). While Phlebiopsis sp. showed optimum specifc-activities of endo-β-1,4-glucanase at pH 6, temperature 35°C (0.202 ± 0.005 IU/mg), cellobiohydrolase at pH 4, temperature 45°C (0.180 ± 0.002 IU/mg) and β-glucosidase at pH 6, temperature 45°C (0.007 ± 0.001 IU/mg). Due to low β-glucosidase activities, the cellulase-complex generated from this study were not able to completely hydrolyse lignocellulosic waste and yielded unsufficient sugars content. Further investigation to optimize cellulase-complex production from these fungal isolates is still required.ABSTRAKPenelitian pengaruh media kultivasi, pH dan suhu inkubasi terhadap produksi enzim selulase-kompleks dari Pycnoporus sp. FORDACC-03452 dan Phlebiopsis sp. FORDACC-02482 yang ditumbuhkan di media dedak padi dan tongkol jagung dengan metode kultur padat pada variasi pH 4–7 dan suhu 30°C–45°C, telah dilakukan. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa media dedak padi cenderung menginduksi produksi endo-β-1,4-glukanase dan selobiohidrolase, sedangkan media tongkol jagung menginduksi produksi β-glukosidase. Namun, campuran kedua substrat tersebut tidak menghasilkan aktivitas selulase yang lebih baik. Selulase-kompleks yang dihasilkan Pycnoporus sp. menunjukkan aktivitas lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang diproduksi Phlebiopsis sp. Filtrat kasar Pycnoporus sp. menunjukkan aktivitas-spesifk endo-β-1,4-glukanase optimum pada pH 6, suhu 35°C (0,403 ± 0,010 IU/mg); selobiohidrolase pada pH 6, suhu 40°C (0,540 ± 0,020 IU/mg); dan β -glukosidase pada pH 4, suhu 30°C (0,022±0,001 IU/mg). Sementara, Phlebiopsis sp. menunjukkan aktivitas-spesifk endo-β-1,4-glukanase optimum pada pH 6, suhu 35°C (0,202 ± 0,005 IU/mg); selobiohidrolase pada pH 4, suhu 45°C (0,180 ± 0,002 IU/mg); dan β-glukosidase pada pH 6, suhu 45°C (0,007 ± 0,001 IU/mg). Rendahnya aktivitas β-glukosidase menyebabkan selulase-kompleks dari penelitian ini belum dapat menghidrolisis limbah lignoselulosa dengan sempurna dan kadar glukosa yang diperoleh masih rendah. Oleh karena itu, optimasi produksi selulasekompleks dari Pycnoporus sp. dan Phlebiopsis sp. masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.

PERTUMBUHAN MIKROALGA Spirulina platensis DALAM EFLUEN INDUSTRI KERTAS Prima Besty Asthary; Yusup Setiawan; Aep Surachman; Saepulloh ,
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 3, No 02 (2013): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

The production capacity of Indonesia’s paper industry is expected to continously increase causing more wastewater generated. The wastewater of paper industry that has been treated in biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is commonly discharged to the environment and may still contain organic materials and nutrients such as nitrogen and fosfor that have not been utilized. An alternative of wastewater utilization is in algae cutivation. The Spirulina platensis is one of blue-green microalgae types containing high protein and widely used as food and fish feed ingredients. This study was conducted to identify S. platensis growth in effluent of paper industry as medium. The wastewater with the percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were used as media to grow microalgae S. platensis. During cultivation,the medium pH and biomass production were analyzed, while proximate analysis were also done after havesting. Results showed that S. platensis microalgae grown in 100% wastewater medium yielded the highest biomass among all other treatments at 4-days of cultivation, about 25% higher than that in control medium. The biomass produced contains about 60% protein which is nearly equal to that reported from other countries .Keywords : microalgae, Spirulina platensis, effluent, paper industry ABSTRAKKapasitas produksi industri kertas di Indonesia diperkirakan akan terus meningkat menyebabkan peningkatan air limbah yang dihasilkan. Air limbah industri kertas yang telah diolah pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) biologi pada umumnya langsung dibuang ke lingkungan dan masih mengandung materi organik serta unsur hara seperti nitrogen dan fosfor yang belum termanfaatkan. Salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan air limbah tersebut adalah budidaya alga. Spirulina platensis merupakan salah satu jenis mikroalga hijau kebiruan yang mengandung protein tinggi dan banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pangan dan pakan ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan S. platensis pada efluen industri kertas sebagai medium. Efluen dengan persentase perlakuan 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% digunakan sebagai medium tumbuh S. platensis. Selama kultivasi alga, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap pH medium dan pengukuran produksi biomassa sedangkan analisa proksimat dilakukan setelah pemanenan kultur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kultur S. platensis pada medium air limbah 100% menghasilkan produksi biomassa paling tinggi pada hari ke-4 kultivasi, yaitu sekitar 25% lebih tinggi dibandingkan medium kontrol. Biomassa S. platensis yang dibudidayakan dalam media air limbah terolah industri kertas mengandung 60% protein yang hampir setara dengan yang dihasilkan negara lain.Kata kunci : mikroalga, Spirulina platensis, efluen, industri kertas

Produksi β-Glukosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan Fermentasi Padat Menggunakan Substrat Dedak Sri Sugiwati; Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono; Muhammad Hanafi; Hanifah Nuryani Lioe
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 8, No 01 (2018): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Production of β-Glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 on Solid State Fermentation Using Rice Bran as SubstrateAbstractβ-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) is a part of the cellulase enzyme complex which acts synergistically with exoglucanase and endoglucanase to hydrolyze cellulose into glucose. The purpose of this study was to obtain the maximum fermentation conditions for production of b-glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 with solid state fermentation using rice bran as fermentation substrate. The factors that affect the production of b-glucosidase which consist of initial pH of the fermentation medium, incubation period, ratio of water content to fermentation substrate, incubation temperature and addition of the Mandel’s mineral salts solution were examined in the study. The results showed that maximum fermentation conditions for β-glucosidase production were at initial of fermentation pH of 2,0, incubation period of 7 days, ratio of water content to substrate of 1:1, and incubation temperature of 32oC. Addition of Mandel’s mineral salts solution to the fermentation substrate at maximum fermentation conditions increased the activity and specific activity of β-glucosidase crude extract up to 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL and 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg, respectively.Abstrakβ-Glukosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) merupakan bagian dari enzim multi kompleks selulase, yang bekerja secara sinergis dengan eksoglukanase dan endoglukanase menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi glukosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi β-glukosidaseAspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan fermentasi media padat menggunakan substrat dedak. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi b-glukosidase, yaitu pH awal medium fermentasi, waktu inkubasi, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi, suhu inkubasi dan penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi b-glukosidase adalah pada pH awal medium fermentasi 2,0; waktu inkubasi 7 hari, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi 1:1, dan suhu inkubasi 32oC. Penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels ke dalam substrat fermentasi pada kondisi fermentasi maksimum menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas dan aktivitas spesifk ekstrak kasar b-glukosidase masing-masing sebesar 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL dan 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg protein. Kata kunci: β-glukosidase, Aspergillus niger, dedak padi, fermentasi padat, ekstrak kasar

Potensi Penggunaan Dua Spesies Agave untuk Pembuatan Pulp dan Kertas Arini Hidayati Jamil; Heronimus Judi Tjahjono; Parnidi Parnidi; Marjani Marjani
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 8, No 01 (2018): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Potential of Two Agave Species for Pulp and Paper MakingAbstractBoth of Agave sisalana and A. cantala are the most favorite agave species for fiber producer plant in Indonesia. Nevertheless, research study for using fiber of A. sisalana and A. cantala for pulp and paper purpose is hard to find. This study aims to observe the characteristics of A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers as a raw material of pulp including fiber morphology, chemical components, pulp characteristics, optical and physical properties of the handsheets. The observation of all characters was based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The pulping method used both of soda process with 18% active alkali and kraft process with 18% active alkali and 25% sulfidity. The result of the study for the handsheets from A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers shows that the brightness, dirt, and tear index were fulfilled to SNI standard for NBKP while the tensile index and burst index just fulfilled to SNI standard for LBKP. The handsheet of A. sisalana fiber has a higher tear index, tensile index, and burst index than the A. cantala ones. Soda pulping of both agave species resulting higher pulp yield, cellulose polymerization degrees and physical properties than kraft pulping.Keywords : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, characteristics of the fiber, pulp AbstrakAgave sisalana dan A. cantala merupakan dua spesies agave yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia sebagai tanaman penghasil serat alam. Namun penelitian mengenai fungsi serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp yang meliputi morfologi serat, komposisi komponen kimia, karakeristik pulp, sifat optik dan fisik lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan. Pengamatan seluruh karakter dilakukan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemasakan menggunakan metode soda dengan alkali aktif 18% dan kraft dengan alkali aktif 18% dan sulfiditas 25%. Hasil pengamatan pada lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan dari serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala menunjukkan bahwa derajat cerah, noda, dan kekuatan sobek memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Pulp Kraft Putih Kayujarum (NBKP) sementara kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan retak memenuhi SNI Pulp Krat Putih Kayudaun (LBKP). Lembaran pulp A. sisalana memiliki kekuatan sobek, tarik, dan retak lebih tinggi dibanding lembaran pulp A. cantala. Metode pemasakan soda pada serat kedua spesies agave tersebut menghasilkan rendemen pulp, derajat polimerisasi selulosa, dan kekuatan fisik lebih baik dibanding metode kraft.Kata kunci : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, karakteristik serat, pulp

Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Dissolving Pulp Serat Panjang dari Bambu Duri (Bambusa blumeana) Chandra Apriana Purwita; Susi Sugesty
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 8, No 01 (2018): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Preparation and Characterization of Long Fiber Dissolving Pulp from Spiny Bamboo (Bambusa blumeana)The need for long fiber dissolving pulp in Indonesia can only be met from imports. Bamboo is a nonwood plant and known as source of long fiber. This research aims to study the potential of spiny bamboo to be used as raw material for producing long fiber dissolving pulp. This research was conducted using two different types of raw materials preparation to produce bamboo chip and decorticated bamboo. The pulping process is carried out by pre-hydrolysis kraft and bleaching performed with two different bleaching sequences, i.e Do ED1 D2 and Do EpD1 D2 . Based on the experimental results, spiny bamboo has good potential to be used as raw material for dissolving pulp. Spiny bamboo belongs to long fibers with an average fiber length of 2.46 mm. The dissolving quality depends on the preparation of the raw material and the bleaching sequence. The yield of spiny bamboo dissolving pulp ranged from 37.97 - 40.76% with alpha cellulose content of 94.88 - 98.67%, and viscosity of 16.43 - 25.75 cP. Decorticated bamboo with bleaching sequence of Do EpD1 D2 produced the highest quality of dissolving pulp with the highest brightness and alpha cellulose were 89.61% ISO and 98.67%, respectively.AbstrakKebutuhan dissolving pulp serat panjang di Indonesia hanya dapat dipenuhi melalui impor. Bambu adalah tanaman nonkayu dan dikenal sebagai sumber serat panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi bambu duri untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp serat panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua jenis persiapan bahan baku yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan serpih bambu dan bambu dekortikasi. Proses pemasakan dilakukan dengan proses pra-hidrolisis kraft dan pemutihan dilakukan dengan dua urutan pemutihan yang berbeda, yaitu DoED1D2 dan DoEpD1D2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bambu duri memiliki potensi yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp. Bambu duri tergolong serat panjang dengan panjang serat rata-rata 2,46 mm. Kualitas dissolving pup yang dihasilkan tergantung dari persiapan bahan baku dan urutan pemutihan. Rendemen dissolving pulp bambu duri berkisar 37,97 - 40,76%, dengan kandungan selulosa alfa 94,88 - 98,67%, dan viskositas 16,43 - 25,75 cP. Bambu dekortikasi dengan urutan pemutihan DoEpD1D2 menghasilkan dissolving pulp paling unggul dengan derajat cerah dan selulosa alfa tertinggi berturut-turut 89,61 %ISO dan 98,67%.Kata kunci: dissolving pulp, bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana), serpih bambu, bambu dekortikasi, prahidrolisis kraft

Serat Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) Teralkalisasi sebagai Penguat Komposit Polimer Gunawan Refiadi; Novan Bayu; Hermawan Judawisastra; Mardiyati Mardiyati
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 8, No 01 (2018): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

The alkalized of petung bamboo fiber (Dendrocalamus asper) as reinforcement of polymer compositeAbstractPetung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) has good fiber characteristic and it has potential to substitute glass fiber as reinforcement in polymeric composite. However, like other natural based materials, bamboo fiber has a high variability in mechanical properties and inherently hygroscopic characteristic. Therefore it is required to optimize the petung bamboo qualities. The fiber optimization was carried out by alkalization process using NaOH solution with varying concentration of 0, 3, 5, and 10% v/v. Bamboo fiber processed in chemomechanical was used in this investigation. Characterization of density, mechanical and chemicals was conducted by pycnometry method, tensile strength testing, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The data variability was analyzed by Weibull distribution. Result indicates that the optimum condition of alkalization process of bamboo fiber using NaOH solution of 5% v/v which has fiber diameter of 175.098 ± 58.017 mm, tensile strength of 384 MPa, and characteristics strength of 390.5 MPa.Keywords: petung bamboo; alkalization; characteristics AbstractBambu petung memiliki karakteristik serat yang baik sehingga berpotensi sebagai pengganti serat gelas untuk penguat komposit polimer. Namun, seperti umumnya serat alam, serat bambu memiliki variabilitas sifat mekanis tinggi dan sifat higroskopik yang inheren. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya optimalisasi kinerja serat bambu petung. Optimalisasi kinerja serat dilakukan melalui proses alkalisasi dengan variasi larutan NaOH pada konsentrasi 0, 3, 5, dan 10% v/v. Serat bambu hasil dari proses kimia-mekanik digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Karakterisasi densitas, sifat mekanik, dan sifat kimia serat masing-masing dilakukan dengan metode piknometri, uji tarik, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Analisis variabilitas data menggunakan distribusi Weibull. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum alkalisasi serat bambu petung yaitu menggunakan larutan NaOH 5% v/v yang menghasilkan serat berdiameter 175,098 ± 58,017 mm, kekuatan Tarik 384 MPa, dan kekuatan karakteristik 390,5 MPa.Kata kunci: bambu petung; alkalisasi; karakteristik

Pemanfaatan Lumpur Primer Industri Kertas sebagai Absorben Krisna Adhitya Wardhana; Saepulloh Saepulloh; Reynaldo Biantoro
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 8, No 01 (2018): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

The Utilization of Primary Sludge from Paper Mills as AbsorbentAbstractThe primary sludge from paper mill contains cellulose fiber that has high absorption capacity and potential to be used as an absorbent for hydrophobic compounds. The utilization of primary sludge from paper mill using raw material of waste paper and virgin pulp to be used as an absorbent has been conducted. The stages process of absorbent fabrication was consisted of three stages such as drying, mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical process conducted were crushing and grinding methods to increase surface area and pore volume of sludge. Meanwhile silanization process as chemical treatment using solution of γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane in ethanol to improve the hydrophobic properties of primary sludge was also done. Absorbent products were tested for the maximum sorbency, the sorbent performance, absorption of hydrophobic liquid, absorption of hydrophobic dust, and contact angle test to conduct their performance. The absorbency of absorbent product which is covered by cushion material was also tested. Result indicated that the absorption performance of some absorbent product is higher than commercial absorbent on hydrophobic liquid and hydrophobic dust absorption test. But it was lower than commercial absorbent on maximum sorbency and the sorbent performance test. The use of cushion material as a wrapper could make it easy in the collection and could increase the absorbency.Keywords: primary sludge; mechanical; silanization; absorbent; hydrophobic AbstrakLumpur primer dari industri kertas mengandung serat selulosa yang memiliki daya serap tinggi dan memiliki potensi dimanfaatkan sebagai absorben senyawa hidrofobik. Pemanfaatan lumpur primer industri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas dan virgin pulp sebagai absorben telah dilakukan. Tahapan proses pembuatan absorben dari lumpur primer meliputi proses pengeringan, proses mekanis, dan proses kimia. Proses mekanis yang dilakukan adalah crushing dan grinding untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan dan volume pori-pori lumpur dilanjutkan dengan proses silanisasi (silanization) sebagai perlakuan kimia menggunakan larutan γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane dalam etanol untuk meningkatkan sifat hidrofobik lumpur. Produk absorben diuji daya serap maksimum (maximum sorbency), kinerja absorben, penyerapan cairan hidrofobik, penyerapan debu hidrofobik, dan pengujian sudut kontak. Daya serap produk absorben yang ditutup bahan bahan cushion juga diuji. Hasil menunjukkan kemampuan absorbsi cairan hidrofobik dan debu hidrofobik dari beberapa perlakuan produk absorben lebih tinggi dari absorben komersial, sedangkan hasil maximum sorbency dan uji kinerja absorben menunjukkan hasil lebih rendah dari absorben komersial. Penggunaan bahan cushion sebagai pembungkus dapat memudahkan dalam pengumpulan dan dapat meningkatkan penyerapan.Kata kunci: lumpur primer; mekanis; silanisasi; absorben; hidrofobik

Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) untuk Pembuatan Pulp dan Pengolahan Limbah Cairnya Yusup Setiawan; Sri Purwati; Kristaufan Joko Pramono
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 40, No 2 (2005): Berita Selulosa
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Palm oil empty fruit bunches is one of solid waste discharges from crude palm oil industry that the amount is very abundant and it is not utilized optimally yet to be a product having added value. Investigation on the palm oil empty fruit bunches utilization to be a bleached pulp cooked by soda process and soda-anthraquinone processes have been carried out. Palm oil empty fruit bunches cooked by both soda process and soda-anthraquinone process were done by cooking chemicals varied on the concentration of 10% - 16% in the ratio of 4.0 at the temperature of 160oC for 3.5 hrs. Unbleached pulp produced was bleached with the ODEoDD bleaching sequences. Kappa number, yield and the other parameters were analyzed. Kappa number, yield and the other parameter of this bleached pulp were tested. Wastewater discharges from soda cooking process using cooking chemicals of 16% was collected and characterized for parameters such as COD, BOD5, TSS, and pH. This wastewater was treated by anaerobic-aerobic-chemicals treatment processes. Hydraulic Residence Time (HRT) on the anaerobic treatment and the aerobic treatment was varied of 1 to 5 days and 1 to 3 days, respectively. Alum and polyelectrolyte (PE) were used as coagulant and flocculants in chemicals treatment process. Result revealed that the optimum cooking condition of palm oil empty fruit bunches for both soda process and soda- anthraquinone process use cooking chemicals of 16%. The pulp produced by soda process and soda-anthraquinone process have yield of 30.65% and 37.39%, kappa number of 28.89 and 16.69, and alpha-cellulose of 76.62% and 76.77%, respectively. Wastewater discharges per batch cooking process which is mainly from pulp washing process is around 20 liters or 150 m3 per ton pulp. Wastewater discharges from soda cooking process using cooking chemicals of 16% containing COD of 9,680 mg/l, BOD5 of 5,135 mg/l, and TSS of 6,220 mg/L. This wastewater was treated by anaerobic-aerobic-chemical treatment processes which could reduce COD up to 97.18%, BOD5 up to 99.24% and TSS up to 99.74%. The quality of treated wastewater was under effluent standard for pulp and paper industry.

Upaya Pemanfaatan Umbi Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine americana, MERR) sebagai Zat Warna Alam Untuk Pencelupan Kain Selulosa dan Poliamida Kuntari Adi Suhardjo; Sasas Barkasih
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 40, No 2 (2005): Berita Selulosa
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

In line with the Indonesian natural resource exploration, there has been a research on cellulose and polyamide fabrics dyeing by natural pigment of Onion Bulb Sabrang. The Dyeing of cellulose fabrics is carried out in neutral condition and alkaline condition (pH=11), whereas the polyamide fabrics dyeing is carried out in neutral and acid condition (pH=5). The dyeing times are varied to 30, 45 and 60 minutes in boiling condition. After dyeing is followed by the addition of K2Cr2O3 (Kalium bichromate), Alum (Al2SO4.18 H2O), and Saline Red B in solution of 1, 2 and 3 g/l. The dyeing result is tested upon the color absorbed, color discrepancy between dyeing and before and after a three months pigment storage, color removal upon washing, rubbing, sweating and sun exposing. Data evaluation shows that natural pigment of onion bulb Sabrang can be used as coloring agent for cellulose and polyamide fabrics. Color removability upon washing, sweating, and sun exposing is bad, but it can be strengthen by the addition of Kalium bichromate, Alum, and Saline Red B. Nevertheless, color removability upon rubbing is good . The dyeing result of polyamide fabrics is better than cellulose fabrics.

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Contact Name
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Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota adm. jakarta selatan,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA