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Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA
Published by Universitas Negeri Padang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25497464     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering
Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464) is an open access journal and peer-reviewed that publishes either original article or reviews. The journal is dedicated towards dissemination of knowledge related to the advancement in scientific research. The prestigious interdisciplinary editorial board reflects the diversity of subjects covered in this journal. Under the realm of science and technology, the coverage includes environmental science, pure and applied mathematics, agricultural research and engineering, biology, biotechnology, bioinformatics, Healthcare sciences (including clinical medicine, preventive medicine & public health), physics, biophysics, computer science, chemistry and bioengineering, to name a few. This Journal Is Published at 3 Month intervals on January-Marc, April-June, July-September and October-December
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 402 Documents
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Biosorption of Indigo Carmine onto Duck Egg White-Modified Longan Peel Biosorbent: Effect of Particle Size and Contact Time Fadli Waarsyat; Desy Kurniawati; Sri Benti Etika; Trisna Kumala Sari; Saddam Husein; Jeningsih; Septian Budiman
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 02 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss02/665

Abstract

The increasing demand in the textile industry ideally requires effective wastewater treatment systems to prevent environmental pollution. These pollutants are resistant to degradation and pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. To address this issue, sustainable and low-cost treatment methods are urgently needed. Biosorption using agricultural waste has emerged as a promising alternative; however its performance is often limited by insufficient active binding sites. Therefore, surface modification using natural protein sources is proposed to enhance adsorption capacity and efficiency. This study aims to develop and evaluate longan peel modified with duck egg white (LP-DEW) as an eco-friendly biosorbent for indigo carmine removal. The effects of particle size and contact time were investigated, and adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The results showed that LP-DEW exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 128.27 mg g-1 at an optimal particle size of 63 μm and equilibrium time of 90 min. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. In conclusion, LP-DEW demonstrates high adsorption efficiency and favorable kinetics, highlighting its potential as a sustainable biosorbent for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.
Response of PM2.5 Concentrations at the GAW Bukit Kototabang Station to ENSO Phases Based on Superimposed Epoch Analysis Dodi Saputra; Nofri Yendri Sudiar; Dhiyaul Qalbi; Aditya Prapanca
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 02 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss02/666

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the response of PM2.5 concentrations and rainfall to the El Niño and La Niña phases at the Global Atmosphere Watch Bukit Kototabang station, West Sumatra, using the Superposed Epoch Analysis method. Observational data of PM2.5 from the Beta Attenuation Monitor  1020, rainfall from the Automatic Agroclimate Weather Station, and sea surface temperature in the Niño 3.4 region were analyzed for the period October 2021 to May 2025. A total of 31 extreme rainfall events were identified as reference points (epochs) and classified into El Niño and La Niña periods. The results show that during the La Niña phase, an average rainfall increase of 41.1 mm effectively reduces PM2.5 concentration anomalies by approximately ±3.1 µg/m³. In contrast, during the El Niño phase, although rainfall increases by 33.5 mm, PM2.5 concentrations remain highly variable, with anomaly increases of approximately ±1.3 µg/m³, due to drier air masses and lower rainfall intensity. The combined results of SEA analysis and the Monte Carlo test indicate a 13-day SST lead during the El Niño period and a 9-day lag during the La Niña period. This study reveals that ENSO influences both rainfall and air quality at the GAW Bukit Kototabang station.
In Silico Evaluation of Quinoline Derivatives as PfLDH Inhibitors through Molecular Docking, Lipinski’s Rule, and ADMET Profiling Livia Putrima Rijas; Amalia Putri Lubis; Rahadian Zainul; Meksim Rebezov; Vikash Jakhmola; Tarek Elkhooly; Dini Liya Meirani Simatupang; Yolandha Putri
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 02 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss02/669

Abstract

 This study aimed to evaluate quinoline-spiro derivatives as potential inhibitors of P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), a key enzyme involved in parasite energy metabolism, using an in silico approach. Molecular docking was performed to assess ligand-protein interactions, followed by drug-likeness evaluation based on Lipinski's Rule of Five and pharmacokinetic-toxicity prediction using ADMET analysis. The results showed that all tested compounds exhibited favorable binding interactions with PfLDH, thus demonstrating potential as enzyme inhibitors. Several compounds exhibited stronger binding affinity than reference ligands, suggesting that structural modifications with the spiro framework enhance interaction with the target protein. Most compounds also met drug-likeness criteria, although there were minor deviations. Among the compounds evaluated, one candidate, (Z)-2-((2-(7- chloroquinolin-4 -yl) hydrazinyl) methyl) -4-(3- methylbenzylidene)-2-azaspiro[4.5] decan-3-one showed the most balanced profile, based on results obtained by combining strong binding interactions with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and predicted low toxicity. Quinoline-spiro derivatives may be promising candidates for the development of antimalarial drugs targeting PfLDH. This study describes the integrated in silico evaluation of quinoline-spiro derivatives as PfLDH inhibitors, as drug candidates for further development.
Exploring the Chemopreventive Potential of Soybean Phytochemicals Targeting BRCA1 Protein: A Molecular Docking Study Regina Liviandari; Ari Estuningtyas; Kusmardi; Linda Erlina
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 02 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss02/671

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a significant cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, highlighting the importance for preventive strategies targeting early molecular events. BRCA1 plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability through DNA repair mechanisms. However, the potential of soybean phytochemicals to modulate BRCA1 activity at the molecular level, particularly through computational approaches, has not been extensively explored. This study aimed to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of soybean phytochemicals targeting the BRCA1 protein using an in silico approach. A total of 32 compounds were prepared and docked into the BRCA1 binding site using Autodock Tools 1.5.7, followed by interaction analysis and visualization, prediction of pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles using SwissADME, pkCSM, and ProTox. The results showed that the top compounds exhibited binding energy ranging from -6.04 to -8.07 kcal/mol, which were lower than the reference compound. Interaction analysis revealed stable binding with key amino acid residues, including Met1775, Leu1839, and Lys1702 through hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Among the evaluated compounds, daidzin showed the most balanced profile in terms of binding affinity, interaction relevance, and favorable ADMET properties. This study provides a systematic in silico evaluation of soybean phytochemicals targeting BRCA1 and highlights their potential as candidates for breast cancer chemoprevention.
In Silico Study of the Potential of Bioactive Compounds of Theobroma cacao as Antigingivitis Agents Amalia Putri Lubis; Hidayanti Hidayanti; Rahadian Zainul; Iffat Syafiqoh Afif; Siti Amiroch; Mohammad Jamhuri; Mohammad Hamim Zajuli Al Faroby
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 04 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464) In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss04/674

Abstract

This in silico study evaluated the antigingivitis potential of bioactive compounds from Theobroma cacao against matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) (PDB ID: 5T35) using molecular docking and ADMET prediction. Molecular docking results showed that several compounds exhibited stronger binding affinities, indicated by lower docking scores, compared to the reference compound doxycycline. Among the evaluated ligands, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyflavone and procyanidin B1 demonstrated the most favorable binding interactions, primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts within the active site. However, drug-likeness and ADMET analyses revealed that large polyphenolic compounds, particularly procyanidin B1, violated multiple pharmacokinetic criteria, suggesting limited oral bioavailability. In contrast, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyflavone showed an optimal balance between binding affinity and pharmacokinetic properties, with full compliance with Lipinski’s Rule of Five and Veber’s criteria, high predicted gastrointestinal absorption, and a favorable toxicity profile. Overall, this compound emerged as the most promising antigingivitis candidate from Theobroma cacao. These findings provide valuable molecular insights and support further experimental validation for the development of plant-based therapeutic agents targeting gingivitis..
In Silico Evaluation of Cardiac Glycosides from Vernonia amygdalina as EGFR Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Gisela Agustin Habayahan; Denny Satria
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 02 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss02/676

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapies, emphasizing the urgent need for novel molecular inhibitors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in TNBC, but current inhibitors show limited clinical efficacy, indicating a significant therapeutic gap. This study aims to evaluate cardiac glycosides from Vernonia amygdalina as EGFR inhibitors using an integrated in silico approach. Docking results demonstrated that vernoniosides A3 exhibited the lowest binding energy of -12.2 kcal/mol, outperforming the native ligand (-9.0 kcal/mol) and gefitinib (-8.5 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that EGFR-vernoniosides A3 complex remained stable, with RMSD values within stable range (0.7-3.8 Å), RMSF values (0.4-8.3 Å), radius of gyration (Rg) (6.0-7.0 Å), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) (830-871 Ų), while forming up to 15 hydrogen bonds. However, MM-PBSA analysis showed that binding free energy of vernoniosides A3 (321.60 ± 5084.43 kcal/mol) was lower than the native ligand (569.25 ± 8997.10 kcal/mol) and gefitinib (623.87 ± 9862.73 kcal/mol), indicating weaker thermodynamic binding strength. This discrepancy arises as docking measures potential binding in a static state, while MM-PBSA reflects dynamic, realistic binding strength. These results suggest that vernoniosides A3 shows promising binding affinity but requires further optimization and validation for TNBC therapy.
In Silico Evaluation of Bisbenzylisoquinoline Compounds from Stephania sp. as EGFR Inhibitors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Amanda Triastuti Amanda; Denny Satria
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 02 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss02/677

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly aggressive breast malignancy subtype characterized by constrained therapeutic alternatives and poor clinical outcomes. Since Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in TNBC, it remains a strategic molecular target for anticancer drug innovation. This study evaluates the inhibitory potential of bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) compounds from Stephania species against EGFR using an in silico framework. Molecular docking analysis revealed that isotrilobine possessed the highest binding affinity toward EGFR, achieving a docking score of -10.5 kcal/mol, indicating potent interactions within the active site. Molecular dynamics simulations over a 100 ns trajectory demonstrated that the EGFR-isotrilobine complex maintained structural stability throughout, as evidenced by RMSD values of 0.193-1.223 Å, RMSF of 1.5 ± 1.1 Å, radius of gyration (Rg) of 4.597-4.918 Å, and a solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) of 772.3 Ų. Hydrogen bond analysis identified an average of four stable interactions, reinforcing persistent ligand binding within the receptor pocket. Furthermore, MM-PBSA calculations yielded a binding free energy of 101.063 ± 127.26 kJ/mol, indicating energetically favorable binding. These findings suggest that isotrilobine and related BBIQ analogues exhibit significant potential as EGFR inhibitors for TNBC therapy, serving as viable candidates for further experimental validation and drug development.
Antibacterial Activity of Mouthwash with Celery and Cinnamon Extracts Against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus Agung Nur Cahyanta; Dian Rahmawati; Prihastini Setyo Wulandari
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 04 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464) In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss04/694

Abstract

Dental caries remains a major oral health problem in Indonesia and is closely associated with dental plaque accumulation caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. The prolonged use of chemical mouthwashes may cause undesirable side effects, encouraging the development of safer herbal alternatives. Celery (Apium graveolens) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) contain flavonoids, phenolics, and essential oils with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties, antibacterial activity, and optimal combination ratio of celery and cinnamon extracts in mouthwash formulations. Ethanol extracts obtained by maceration were formulated into three formulations, F1 (5%:10%), F2 (7.5%:7.5%), and F3 (10%:5%). Physical evaluations included organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, and viscosity tests. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression. All formulations met the required physical evaluation criteria. F1 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 15.17 mm against S. mutans and 18.29 mm against S. aureus. Regression analysis revealed that cinnamon extract was the dominant factor, while statistical analysis showed significant differences among formulations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, F1 was identified as the optimal mouthwash formulation.   
Molecular Docking-Based Screening of Phytochemicals from Dimocarpus longan Lour. Peel Extract as Potential Larvicidal Agents Against Aedes aegypti Mardhah Sasri Utami; Ivone Lutfiyah; Amalia Shari
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 04 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464) In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss04/699

Abstract

Dengue fever continues to threaten global health, especially in tropical regions where Aedes aegypti mosquitoes proliferate. Ideally, vector populations would be controlled with environmentally safe, effective larvicides. In reality, chemical insecticides like temephos raise concerns about resistance, environmental toxicity, and non-target effects. To address these issues, this study evaluated bioactive compounds from longan peel (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) as potential natural larvicides. Thirteen phytochemicals were screened for drug-likeness, toxicity, and aqueous solubility, selecting three compounds with favorable properties. These were docked against 3-HKT, a critical enzyme for larval survival, using AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8, with temephos as a reference. Ligand-protein interactions and complex flexibility were analyzed using BIOVIA Discovery Studio and CABS-flex 2.0. Results indicated that epicatechin, 4-O-methylgallic acid, and ethyl gallate exhibited stronger binding affinities than temephos. These findings indicate that phenolic and flavonoid compounds from longan peel can target 3-HKT and may support sustainable mosquito control. These findings highlight the urgency of eco-friendly larvicide development and provide a molecular basis for further in vitro and in vivo validation against Aedes aegypti larvae.
Characterization of Hesperidin-PEG 1000 Solid Dispersion Prepared by Freeze Drying Method Aga Mikail; Aditya Trias Pradana; Endang Wahyu Fitriani; Agnes Nuniek Winantari; Astridani Rizky Putranti; Xandramela Limala Alicya Junaidi Lee
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 04 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464) In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss04/702

Abstract

Hesperidin is a disaccharide-derivative bioflavonoid in BCS class II, insoluble in water but soluble in propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, and its poor aqueous solubility may impair bioavailability, necessitating modification via solid dispersion. In this study, a hesperidin–PEG 1000 system was prepared at 1:1 and 1:6 hesperidin:PEG 1000 ratios using freeze‑drying. The systems were characterised for crystallinity, thermal behaviour, vibrational transitions, and particle morphology. PXRD patterns recorded over 2θ = 5–40° showed that both solid dispersions retained the main diffraction peaks of pure hesperidin with reduced intensities, indicating preservation of a predominantly crystalline structure. DSC thermograms revealed a hesperidin melting peak at 261.0 °C for the pure drug, which shifted to 248.6 °C and 241.0 °C for the 1:1 and 1:6 systems, respectively, without disappearance of the drug melting event. Data from FTIR and SEM further indicated only minor molecular interactions and limited morphological changes, and the characterisation results for both ratios were essentially identical. Taken together, these findings indicate that freeze‑drying hesperidin with PEG 1000 under the applied conditions did not convert hesperidin into an amorphous, molecularly dispersed solid dispersion, but yielded a predominantly crystalline, hesperidin‑dominated system with minimal PEG 1000 incorporation.

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