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INDONESIA
JFIOnline
Published by Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia
ISSN : 14121107     EISSN : 2355696X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia yang diterbitkan oleh Pengurus Pusat Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia. Isi website memuat seluruh jurnal yang telah diterbitkan mencakup semua aspek dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kefarmasian antara lain farmakologi, farmakognosi, fitokimia,farmasetika, kimia farmasi, biologi molekuler, bioteknologi, farmasi klinik,farmasi komunitas, farmasi pendidikan, dan lain-lain.
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Articles 443 Documents
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POLA RESISTENSI ANTIBIOTIK TERHADAP ISOLAT BAKTERI SPUTUM PENDERITA TERSANGKA INFEKSI SALURAN NAFAS BAWAH Kumala, Shirly; Pasanema, Dimas A. M.; Mardiastuti, .
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 1 (2010)
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Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) was one type of lung infection that is commonly suffered by the indonesion society including “in patients” in hospital ward.  The percentage of lung infection case was found to be 60-80% of all case of lung related disease while the rest (20-40%) were classified as non-infectious lung disease.  Fast and accurate diagnosis followed by correct choice of antibiotics based on antibiotic resistance test would certainly help to establish accurate diagnosis and treatment. Studies were carried out in clinical microbiology laboratory in the Faculty of Medicine of University of Indonesia.  A total of 124 specimens were used in the study, contained sputtam excreted by patients diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infectious disease. Isolation and identification procedure was performed according to the Laboratory standard operational procedure (SOP).  Antibiotic resistance test was performed using “CAKRAM” diffusion techniques according to CLSI which is abbreviated as Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 76 bacterial isolates were successfully isolated and identified.  Most of the bacteria found were identified as Klebsiella Pneumoniae and they were Erithromycin sensitive and Ticarsilin resistant (75.9%).   ABSTRAK Infeksi Saluran Nafas Bawah (ISNB) merupakan penyakit infeksi paru yang paling sering ditemukan di masyarakat maupun yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit, dan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di seluruh dunia. Penyakit infeksi paru berkisar 60-80% dari seluruh penyakit paru, sedangkan sisanya (20-40%) merupakan penyakit non infeksi. Penentuan diagnosis secara cepat dan tepat serta pemilihan antibiotik berdasarkan uji resistensi akan sangat membantu dalam petanalaksanaan dan terapi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Spesimen yang digunakan berupa sputum penderita tersangka infeksi saluran nafas bawah, jumlah sampel 124. Isolasi dan identifikasi dilakukan sesuai standard operasional laboratorium, uji resistensi menggunakan difusi cakram menurut CLSI. Dari hasil isolasi diperoleh 76 isolat bakteri, yang terbanyak  adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae yang sangat sensitif terhadap Eritromisin dan resisten terhadap Tikarsilin (75,9%)
DISOLUSI KAPSUL TEOFILIN DALAM MODEL RACIKAN RESEP DOKTER Hutagaol, Lungguk; Irwan, Yenny
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 1 (2010)
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Theophylline is asthma treatment that quite a lot used and have narrow therapy scope and is often combined with ephedrine hidrochloride in doctor’s prescription. Recently handling compounding the  prescription is  in highly varied and this condition has influenced dissolution rate. In consequence, conducted research hits difference dissolution capsule from compounding that indigenous to active ingredient and from tablet that triturated become powder. Despitefully, conducted research hits influence ephedrine hydrochloride to theophylline dissolution rate. The result can be concluded that formed compounding from powder produces super ordinate dissolution are compared to compounding from combination of  theophylline and ephedrine hydrochloride tablet. So compounding from theophylline and ephedrine hydrochloride tablet is inadvisable because they decrease theophylline dissolution rate. ABSTRAK Teofilin merupakan obat asma yang cukup banyak digunakan dan mempunyai lingkup terapi  sempit serta sering dikombinasi dengan efedrin hidroklorida dalam racikan resep dokter. Saat ini penanganan racikan resep dokter di apotek  sangat  bervariasi dan hal ini berpengaruh pada kerapatan mampat yang akhirnya mempengaruhi kecepatan disolusi. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai perbedaan disolusi kapsul racikan yang berasal dari bahan baku serbuk dan dari tablet yang digerus menjadi serbuk. Di samping itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh efedrin hidroklorida terhadap disolusi kapsul teofilin. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kapsul yang diracik dari bahan baku serbuk menghasilkan disolusi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kapsul yang diracik dari bentuk  tablet. Oleh karena itu racikan dari tablet  teofilin dan efedrin hidroklorida  tidak disarankan karena menurunkan laju disolusi teofilin.
UJI SITOTOKSISITAS BUAH MERAH, MAHKOTA DEWA DAN TEMU PUTIH TERHADAP SEL KANKER SERVIKS Radji, Maksum; Aldrat, Hendri; Harahap, Yahdiana; Irawan, Cosphiadi
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 1 (2010)
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The cytotoxic effect of herbal medicines has been examined using HeLa cells line (cervical cancer cell culture). The result showed that the LC50 value of buah merah [Pandanus conoideus Lam.], mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.] and temu putih [Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe] extracts were  421 µg/ml, 835µg/ml and 58,9 µg/ml after 24 hour incubation, whereas the LC50 of each extract were 276.79 µg/ml, 415,9 µg/ml and 29.19 µg/ml after 48 hour incubation respectively. The cytotoxic activity of temu putih [Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.)] extract to HeLa cells was stronger than buah merah [Pandanus conoideus Lam.] and mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.] extracts.   ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian efek sitotoksisitas ekstrak buah merah [Pandanus conoideus Lam.], mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.] and temu putih [Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe] terhadap sel HeLa (kultur sel kanker serviks). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 dari ketiga ekstrak tersebut masing-masing adalah 421 µg/ml, 835µg/ml and 58,9 µg/ml, setelah waktu inkubasi selama 24 jam, sedangkan LC50 setelah diinkubasi selama 48 jam adalah  276.79 µg/ml, 415,9 µg/ml and 29.19 µg/ml. Aktivitas sitotoksik  temu putih [Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.)] terhadap sel HeLa  lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan buah merah [Pandanus conoideus Lam.] dan mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.]
ISOLASI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DARI KELOPAK BUNGA NUSA INDAH (Mussaeda frondosa L.) Putra, Deddi P.; Fatra, H. Al; Bakhtiar, A.
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 1 (2010)
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An antioxidant flavonol glycoside isoquercitrin (0.01% w/w) from white petals of Mussaenda frondosa L flowers has been isolated in form of amorf yelowish powder, m.p. 288-230 oC. The structure was established from data of chromatography, UV-Vis spectra with shift reagents, infrared as well as the analysis of spectral data of  1H and 13C NMR. Antioxidant activity was performed by inhibition of radical scavenger of 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) 50mM and the compound showed a high persentage inhibition of 93.97% compared to quersetin (92.92%). The compound was first reported from white petal of Mussaenda frondosa L.   ABSTRAK Antioksidan isokuersitrin (0,01% b/b) telah diisolasi dari kelopak putih bunga Nusaindah (Mussaenda frondosa L.), berupa amorf berwarna kuning dengan jarak leleh 228-230°C. Struktur senyawa ini ditetapkan berdasarkan (pola) kromatografi, spektrofotometer ultraviolet dengan berbagai pereaksi geser, spektrum inframerah serta analisis spektrum RMI (1H dan 13C). Pemeriksaan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (radikal 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) 50mM dan senyawa (1) memiliki persentase inhibisi sebesar 93,97% sebanding dengan kuersetin (92,29%). Senyawa ini baru pertama dilaporkan dari kelopak putih bunga Mussaenda frondosa L
EFFECTS OF PENTAGAMAVUNONAT-0 SODIUM ON RAT ISOLATED-AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION Nugroho, Agung Endro; Sendari, Siti; Soraya, Fenthy; Margono, Supardjan A.
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
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Natrium pentagamavunonat-0 merupakan bentuk garam dari senyawa pentagamavunon (PGV-0). Modifikasi PGV-0 menjadi bentuk garam dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kelarutannya. Pada penelitian ini, natrium PGV-0 diuji pengaruhnya terhadap kontraksi otot polos aorta terisolasi yang diinduksi agonis reseptor a1 adrenergik, yaitu fenilefrin. Disamping itu, natrium PGV-0 juga dipelajari efek relaksasi pada organ tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa natrium PGV-0 menghambat kontraksi otot polos aorta tikus secara bermakna. Senyawa tersebut dapat menurunkan baik harga pD2 maupun efek maksimum dari fenilefrin. Disampimg itu, natrium PGV-0 menunjukkan efek relaksasi yang poten pada organ tersebut, dengan nilai pD2 sebesar 4,41. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa natrium PGV-0 menunjukkan efek yang poten pada otot polos aorta terisolasi yang diinduksi agonis reseptor a1 adrenergik.   ABSTRACT PGV-0 is reported possessing some pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative etc. Its effects are more potent than curcumin. However, this compound has limitation in its solubility. Modifying the compound to its salt form is supposed to overcome this problem. The aim of the research is to investigate the effects of PGV-0 sodium on rat isolated-aortic smooth muscle contraction, and its relaxant effect on the tissue. The study was conducted using an isolated organ technique with an isotonic transducer. The percentage of response either contraction or relaxation was then plotted as a logaritmic scale of concentration-response curve to calculate pD2 value, a negative logaritmic of concentration of drug inducing 50% of maximum effect. The results have shown that treatment of PGV-0 sodium obviously inhibited the contraction of rat isolated-aortic smooth muscle induced by phenylephrine. The compound could decrease both pD2 and Emax values of phenylephrine significantly. The results indicate that PGV-0 sodium could attenuate both potency and intrinsic activity of contraction effect of phephylephrine. Besides, the compound also stimulated relaxant effects to a single phenylephrine contraction with pD2 value of 4.41. The compound could restore phenylephrine-induced tension into baseline level. Based on the results, PGV-0 sodium showed potent effects on rat isolated-aortic smooth muscle.
AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL KETAN HITAM UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL Fajrin, Fifteen Aprila
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
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Cardiovascular disease has become a number one causing of death in Asia Pasific. From Sudarmanto research (2006), frying oil consumption that was used for 27 times can affect to serum total cholesterol levels. Black glutinous rice have chemical compound such as anthocyanin that have hipolipidemic activity. This research was an experimental study, using the post test only group design. The samples are 28 male wistar rats, were divided into 7 groups, 4 rats for each group. The control group, given by CMC-Na 1%. The negative control group, given by frying oil used and CMC-Na 1%. The treatment group, given by frying oil used and ethanol extract dose 150,300,600 and 1200 mg/kgBW. The positive control group, given by frying oil used and simvastatin 0,5 mg/kgBW. The results :show ethanol extract of black glutinous rice dose 1200 mg/kgBW have the greatest anticholesterol effect. ethanol extract of black glutinous rice can decrease cholesterol serum 54,40 mg/dL±3,98 and haven’t significant differences with simvastatin.Conclusion of this research show: ethanol extract of black glutinous rice have an anticholesterol effect on male wistar rats. ABSTRAK Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Berdasarkan penelitian Sudarmanto (2006) menyatakan bahwa konsumsi minyak goreng bekas pakai 27 kali dapat mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol total. Ketan hitam memiliki kandungan senyawa kimia yaitu antosianin yang diduga mempunyai kemampuan sebagai agen hipolipidemik. Penelitian eksperimental ini berdesain post test only control group, menggunakan 28 tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi 7 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok 4 tikus. Kelompok kontrol, diberi CMC-Na 1%. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberi diet minyak goreng bekas pakai dan CMC-Na 1%.  Kelompok perlakuan, diberi diet minyak goreng bekas pakai dan ekstrak etanol ketan hitam dosis 150,300,600 dan 1200 mg/kgBB. Kelompok kontrol positif diberi diet minyak goreng bekas pakai dan simvastatin. Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian berupa kadar kolesterol serum total diuji dengan menggunakan one way anova (p<0,05).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol ketan hitam dengan dosis 1200 mg/kgBB memberikan efek antikolesterol dengan penurunan kadar kolesterol total serum paling besar yaitu sebesar 54,40±3,98 dan tidak berbeda signifikan dengan simvastatin. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini Pemberian ekstrak etanol ketan hitam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total serum pada tikus putih jantan yang diberi perlakuan minyak goreng bekas pakai.
FORMULATION OF ANTI-PLAQUE TOOTHPASTE FROM STANDARDIZED GAMBIR EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Lucida, Henny; Rustini, .; Saufitri, Dian; Dachriyanus, .
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
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Telah dilakukan formulasi pasta gigi ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi serta uji daya antimikrobanya terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab plak Streptococcus mutans. Uji pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi pada kadar 7% memiliki diameter hambat optimal terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba uji. Berdasarkan ini dibuat 3 formula pasta gigi dengan kadar ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi sebesar 7% dengan kosentrasi kalsium karbonat (abrasif) yang bervariasi, berturut-turut 37, 42 dan 47%. Semua formula diuji sifat-sifat farmasetik dan aktivitas antimikrobanya, sebagai pembanding digunakan pasta gigi “F”. Hasil evaluasi sifat farmasetika sediaan menunjukkan semua formula memenuhi persyaratan pastagigi yang baik.  Formula 3 (F3) memberikan diameter hambat paling baik (19,25 + 0,50 mm), sedangkan pembanding “F” memberikan diameter hambat (20,0 + 0,00 mm).  Terdapat perbedaan bermakna diameter hambat antar perlakuan (basis versus pasta gigi ekstrak gambir) pada taraf kepercayaan  0,05.   ABSTRACT A toothpaste containing standardized gambir extract had been formulated and an antimicrobial assay of the toothpaste against Streptococcus mutans had been done. Preliminary study showed that the concentration of gambir extract of 7 % obtained an optimal range of inhibition of S. mutans growth. Three formulas were then prepared, which contained 7 % extract and various concentrations of calcium carbonate (37, 42 and 47 % respectively). The formulas were subjected to evaluation procedures including the pharmaceutical properties and the antimicrobial activity in comparison to commercial formula “F”. Results indicated that all formulas had good pharmaceutical properties. F3 showed the best inhibition against the growth of S mutans (diameter of inhibition =  19,25 + 0,50 mm) while that of the commercial toothpaste “F” was (20,0 + 0,00 mm) , which was significantly different from that of the toothpaste  base at probability 0.05.
PREPARASI DAN EVALUASI EKSIPIEN KO-PROSES PATI SINGKONG-KITOSAN YANG DIBUAT SECARA SPRAY DRYING Wicaksono, Yudi; Witono, Yuli; Herlina, .; Nuri, .
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
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Tapioca starch is pharmaceutical excipient for diluent of tablet with poorly in flowability and compactibility. Chitosan is biodegradle polymer and have been widely used for pharmaceutical excipient. It have a marked tendency to plastic deformation, and a good compression behaviour. Co-processing is the one of the most widely explored and commercially utilized method for the preparation of directly compressible excipient. The aim of study was to develop direct compression excipient of the tapioca starch-chitosan using co-processing method by spray drying. Co-processed excipient were prepared by spray drying suspension of feed of the chitosan - tapioca starch in different ratios (1:2, 1:3 & 1:4). The co-processed excipients were evaluated for morphology, moisture content, angle of repose, flow rate of granules, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, viscosity and melting point. The result showed co-processed excipient of tapioca starch-chitosan have spherical in shape, moisture content in the range of 4.04 – 5.39 %, angle of repose was found to be <  380, flow rate of granules in the range of 1.3 – 3.8 g/s, bulk density in the range of 0.46 – 0.57 g/ml, tapped density in the range of 0.57 – 7.58 g/ml, Carr’s index in the range of 19.16-27.11 %, viscosity in the range of  1.77-2.17 mPas and melting point in the range of 195.33-198.50 0C. ABSTRAK Pati singkong adalah eksipien farmasi untuk pengisi tablet dengan sifat alir dan kompaktibilitas tidak baik. Kitosan adalah polimer biodegradabel dan telah digunakan secara luas untuk eksipien farmasi. Kitosan mempunyai kecenderungan untuk deformasi plastis dan sifat kompresi yang baik. Ko-prosesing adalah salah satu metode komersial yang digunakan secara luas untuk pembuatan eksipien cetak langsung.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan eksipien cetak langsung dari pati singkong-kitosan dengan menggunakan metode ko-prosesing secara spray drying. Eksipien ko-proses disiapkan dengan menspray drying suspensi cairan umpan dari kitosan-pati singkong dalam perbandingan yang berbeda (1:2, 1:3 dan 1:4). Eksipien ko-proses dievaluasi untuk morfologi, kandungan lembab, sudut diam, kecepatan alir granul, berat jenis nyata, berat jenis mampat, indeks Carr's, viskositas dan titik lelehnya. Hasil menunjukkan eksipien ko-proses pati singkong-kitosan mempunyai bentuk sferis, kandungan lembab dalam rentang 4,04 – 5,39 %, sudut diam <380 , kecepatan alir granul dalam rentang 1,3 – 3,8 g/s, berat jenis nyata dalam rentang 0,46 – 0,57 g/ml, berat jenis mampat dalam rentang 0,57 – 7,58 g/ml, Indeks Carr's dalam rentang 19,16-27,11 %, viskositas dalam rentang  1,77-2,17 mPas dan titik leleh dalam rentang 195,33-198,50 0C.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN CAHAYA TERHADAP STABILITAS ANGKAK HASIL FERMENTASI Monascus purpureus 3090 PADA BERAS Indrawati, Teti; Tisnadjaja, Djadjat; Ismawatie, .
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
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Red rice is the product of yeast Monascus purpureus grown on rice as a natural colorant but unstable. This research aims are to get the optimum of depository conditions for red yeast rice. This research was did by fermentating the yeast strain of Monascus purpureus 3090 on rice, later its product were characterised and tested its stability during 9 weeks at 6 depository conditions, that  is in   room ((24-27oC), 30oC, and  40oC temperature, hit by sunlight, lamp light and without light.The results exhibited that the red rice product were dust powder, red color, caramel smell, and water content 5,62 %. The water solution of 0,2% red rice had pH of 4,70 and 0,1093 color absorpstion, and in 70% ethanol solution had pH of 5,60 and 0,5348 color absorption at 523 nm.  Its stability didn’t influence by temperature, but influence by lamp light and sunlight. It was stable in depository without light, room temperature, 30oC and 40oC. ABSTRAK Angkak  merupakan pigmen berwarna kuning sampai merah hasil fermentasi beras (Oryza sativa) yang aman sebagai pewarna alami tetapi tidak stabil.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi penyimpanan angkak yang optimun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara beras difermentasi oleh kapang Monascus purpureus 3090, kemudian angkak yang dihasilkan  dikarakterisasi dan diuji stabilitasnya selama 9 minggu pada 6 kondisi penyimpanan, yaitu suhu kamar (24-27oC), 30oC, 40oC, terkena cahaya matahari, terkena cahaya lampu dan tanpa cahaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angkak yang dihasilkan berupa serbuk halus, berwarna merah,  berbau karamel dan mengandung kadar air 5,62%. Larutan angkak 0,2 % dalam pelarut air suling memiliki pH 4,70 dan serapan warna 0,1093 pada λ 523 nm, dalam etanol 70% memiliki pH 5,60 dan serapan warna 0,5348 pada λ 523 nm. Stabilitasnya tidak dipengaruhi oleh suhu, tetapi dipengaruhi oleh cahaya lampu dan matahari. Angkak stabil pada penyimpanan tanpa cahaya, suhu kamar (24-27oC), 30oC dan 40oC selama 9 minggu.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KROMIUM (III) KLORIDA TERHADAP SPERMATOZOA MENCIT PUTIH Dharma, Surya; BP, Zesfin; Zubir, Nasrul; H, Irsan Ryanto.
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A study on the effect of chromium chloride on motility, viability and totality of spermatozoa the male with mice. The drugs was given  orally with doses 5,2 ; 6,37 and 7,8 µg/20 g BB with vitamin C and doses  7,8 µg/20 g BB without vitamin C. The treatment and giving of drugs were carried out  for 40 days and removal of spermatozoa was done at at the day 7, 21 and 42 were taken vas deferens and epididymis, until result the suspension of spermatozoa. The result indicated that the giving chromium (III) chloride with vitamin C give effect to decrease motility, viability and totality of spermatozoa the male wihite mice at p<0,05 ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian senyawa kromium (III) klorida terhadap motilitas, viabilitas dan jumlah spermatozoa mencit putih jantan. Hewan dibagi atas 5 kelompok  dengan 3 variasi dosis ( 5,2; 6,37 dan 7,8 µg/20 BB) dengan lama perlakuan selama 42 hari yang diamati pada hari ke 7, 21 dan 42.. Hasil menunjukan bahwa setelah pemberian senyawa kromium (III) klorida pada 3 variasi dosis terjadi penurunan motilitas, viabilitas dan jumlah spermatozoa mencit putih jantan secara bermakna

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