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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 14104830 EISSN : 25021966 DOI : -

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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya (JMB) or Journal of Society and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to be an authoritative academic source on the study of society and culture. We publish original research papers, review articles, case studies, and book reviews focusing on Indonesian society, cultural phenomena, and other related topics. A manuscript describing society and culture outside Indonesia is expected to be analyzed comparatively with the issues and context in Indonesia. All papers will be reviewed rigorously at least by two referees. JMB is published three times a year, in April, August , and December.

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Articles 869 Documents

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ISLAH SEBAGAI DALIH: STUDI KASUS ‘PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK’ PERISTIWA TANJUNG PRIOK (1984) DAN TALANG SARI (1989) PASCA REZIM ORDE BARU Akmaliah, Wahyudi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 16, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Abstract A term of islah is quite familiar for Indonesian Muslims. It is an Islamic reconciliation term adopted from Al-Quran and Sunnah to end a conflict. With this term, those people who have been conflicting try to improve their relation to look for a better future by getting rid of their anger and vengeance. The cases of Tanjung Priok (1984) and Talang Sari (1989) tragedy, which caused hundreds of killed Muslims during Soeharto regime, are real examples to see how islah is practiced. Instead of being the best way for conflict resolution, it was part of the problems causing those cases unfinished in the formal court. It had caused the group of the victims divided within two groups; pros and cons of islah. Using islah as the pretext, many of the victims tended to finish it informally with the violators, although the rest still insisted to bring it to the court. The fragmented memory among them about the cases caused a lot of difficulties to prove it legally. Exploring the Islam sources as well as the case of Tanjung Priok and Talang Sari in Post-New Order Regime, this paper examines whether islah is a solution or precisely a part of the problem. This paper aims to put the term of islah and its significant in a proper way; therefore, this paper can contribute to the development of peace and conflict studies. Keywords: Islah, Tanjung Priok (1984), Talang Sari (1989), islamic law, victims, conflict resolution

KEADILAN SEBAGAI PEMECAH MASALAH KONFLIK ANTARA KEKUASAAN (POWER) DAN HAK KEPEMILIKAN (PROPERTY RIGHT) DALAM NEGARA DEMOKRASI (Sebuah Tinjauan Filsafat) Tambunan, Sihol Farida
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 10, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

English philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, and the French thinker, Jean Jacques Rousseau had developed philosophical thought about democracy in the beginning of 18th century. Their thoughts to abolish the absolutism of the state and the government have influenced a lot of people, because absolutism is not suitable for the machienary era after the industrial revolution. On the contrary the state must guard the property right of the people according to the contract social based on the constitution. But for most of the under-developed countries, empirical evidences show that democracy is still an idea. The government gives their first priority to develop their countries rather than to grow the welfare of their people. On the contrary, people must sacrifice by giving up their properties such as their ancestor land, forest and river for the sake of development due to the government’s plan. As a consequence, the conflict between the power of the state and the property right of the people cannot be prevented. This article views the problem of conflicting interest through the theory of Justice from Aristoteles, Thomas Aquino and John Rawls is suitable to face the increase of such contemporary problem.

PENELITIAN ETNOGRAFI DIBALIK PENCEGAHAN KONFLIK DAN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PERLINDUNGAN KEKAYAAN BUDAYA: Memahami Sebuah Hibriditas Kebudayaan Humaedi, Muhammad Alie
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 19, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Konflik suku dan agama menjadi isu hangat dunia penelitian. Beragam pendekatan digunakan untuk memotret masalah, aktor, dan penyebab yang bisa diuraikan untuk meredam konflik. Sayangnya, banyak penelitian yang hanya menampilkan aspek permukaan, sehingga penyelesaiannya bersifat artifisial dan tidak kontekstual. Aspek kebudayaan dan kebahasaan terkait konflik, dan menjadikannya sebagai modal terpenting dalam penyelesaian konflik kurang dilihat komperehensif. Di sisi lain, bahasa dan budaya daerah hanya dimaknai sebagai khazanah kebudayaan yang berorientasi pengembangan pariwisata saja. Belum ada upaya maksimal dalam mendorong budaya dan bahasa beserta proses hibriditasnya sebagai strategi terpenting mitigasi konflik. Penelitian yang mampu mengungkap nilai dan praktik kebudayaan berbagai kelompok sukubangsa belum banyak menjadi media langkah strategis itu. Pertanyaannya, bagaimana penelitian dan perspektif etnografi dapat berperan dalam upaya peredaman konflik dan affirmasi bagi upaya perlindungan kekayaan budaya daerah? Tulisan ini refleksi berbagai penelitian terkait bahasa dan budaya yang dilakukan LIPI dan lembaga lain. Keterlibatan penulis dalam dunia penelitian etnografi bahasa dan budaya menjadi aspek penting refleksinya. Penelitian ini telah menjelaskan perkembangan dan kecenderungan penelitian kebudayaan di LIPI dan lembaga lain. Selain itu, penelitian etnografi budaya dan bahasa tidak hanya berdampak pada upaya perlindungan kekayaan budaya berbagai sukubangsa, tetapi juga menjadi upaya strategis dalam peredaman konflik dan peneguhan kebangsaan. Tribal and religious conflicts are becoming a hot issue of the research world. Various approaches are used to describe problems, actors, and causes that can be deciphered to quell conflicts. Unfortunately, many studies show only surface aspects, so the solution is artificial and non-contextual. The cultural and linguistic aspects of the conflict, the most important capital in conflict resolution, are less than comprehensive. On the other hand, the local language and culture is only interpreted as a cultural treasure for tourism development only. There has been no maximum effort in encouraging culture and language along with its hybridity process as the most important strategy of conflict mitigation. Research which able to reveal the values and cultural practices of various ethnic groups has not been a major medium for the strategic paradigm. The question is, how can ethnographic research and perspectives play a role in the efforts to conflicts mitigation and affirmations for the protection of local cultural wealth? This paper reflects the various researches related to language and culture conducted by LIPI and other institutions. The involvement of writers in the world of ethnographic research of language and culture becomes an important aspect of his reflection. This writing explained the development and tendency of cultural research in LIPI and other institutions. In addition, cultural and linguistic ethnographic research viewed not only affects the protection of cultural wealth of various ethnic groups, but also a strategic effort in the reduction of conflict and affirmation of nationality.

UNDERGROUND ECONOMY DAN KEJAHATAN BIROKRAT Darmawan, Mohammad Kemal
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 12, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

To comprehend the reality of this underground economy certainly requires an understanding of the upstream and the downstream network of the activity. Several studies about underground economy have conducted in many countries indicate that this economic activity has involved many actors. Underground economy is also a complex phenomenon, present to an important extent even in the most industrialized and developed economies. People engage in underground economic activity for a variety of reasons; among the most important are, to avoid government actions, most notably taxation and regulation. This paper is also concerned with the bureaucrats crime. It uses the context of the garment import sector in Indonesia to further analyze issues relating to corruption in both private and public sector. The author argues that blaming the bureaucrats or the private businesses alone would not do justice to the problem. Neither will it help in finding appropriate policies to solve this important problem in governance and development. Keywords: underground economy, corruption, bureaucrats crime, government, tax reform.

BUDAYA BAJAU : PEMANFAATAN DAN PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN Indrawasih, Ratna; Antariksa, I.G.P
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 5, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

The specific life of Bajau’s people, have given them skills on maritime matters. Their skills not are only limited in managing marine resources, but in the past were also used by political and military power for marine’s security and across islands’ trading. This literature study discusses heavily on how the people of Bajau adapt to their environment in order to fulfil their living needs. These include the adaptation they made when living as wanderers in their boathouses on the sea, and the changes when they live permanently in coastal. Population distribution of the Bajaus, their identities and social structure are discussed to give comprehensive understanding about the Bajau people.

Globalization and The Cultural Politics of Tradition Some Lessons from Developing Countries Thufail, Fadjar I.
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 1, No.1 (1997)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Globalization in this time is popular discourse specially in economic actors. Though, development of globalization theory just has taken its first step. Both in popular discourse and economic theory relate with economic aspect and social globalization inter-nation. Then, for this time rarely to see the relation between globalization and cultural-political process in local level. This article try to offer another approach for analysing of globalization process that focus on social and cultural context in development country. In this type of analysing, research for “vernacularization” process like forms of global culture is very important as global community forming process. The relation for this article, anthropology offer an critical view to analyze global process that happen in daily life in the world.

KEBERAGAMAN DAN EKSKLUSI SOSIAL: SIMBOL IDENTITAS DALAM RUANG PUBLIK Setyawati, Lugina
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 12, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article is a writing based on a research on tolerance and diversity in Tangerang City. The objectives of this writing is to describe social relations between groups with different ethnic and religious backgrounds by unfolding and reflecting boundaries of identity built by these groups. This writing argues that decentralization as a context, in which tolerance, ethnic identity and democratization has worked as a new arena for repositioning and redefintion the relations between groups at local level. The State (in this particular is the Local Government) is actually play a role as an agent that reconstructs the relations between ethnic and religious groups; and some of their “policies” has created social exclusion in public spaces. As the research unfold, Tangerang’s City vision to build “akhlaqul karimah” society (a society with pious religious attitudes), has contibuted to the shaping of social relations of the groups with different ethnic and religious backgrounds that shares living spaces in Tangerang, as the local government tries to “color” the city identity by expressing certain religious symbols in open public spaces. The result is a form of social exclusion, experienced and felt by ethnic (and religious) groups, which are the minority in political, economical and socio-cultural arena in Tangerang City. Keywords: social exclusion, Tangerang City vision, identity symbols in public spaces

KOMODIFIKASI MODE MUSLIMAH MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL COMMODIFICATION OF MOSLEMA STYLE THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA Santoso, Widjajanti M.
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 17, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Abstrak Komodifikasi memainkan peran di dalam mempengaruhi dan memberi rambu-rambu di dalam pemakaian mode muslimah. Jika pada tahun 80-an penggunaan jilbab memiliki makna ideologis dan politis, maka saat ini telah berkembang menjadi mode. Artikel ini menggunakan media sosial sebagai tempat konstruksi sosial tentang mode muslimah, melalui beberapa tampilan yang berisi pemaknaan tentang cara berpakaian muslimah. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemaknaan merupakan komodifikasi dari nilai keagamaan yang dikonstruksikan melalui mode muslimah. Pengamatan riset ini memadukan unsur-unsur konstruksi dari Ninian Smart serta SjØrup dan Christensen, yang memperlihatkan bahwa komodifikasi telah terjadi mulai dari unsur makna, ritual, hingga dimensi material. Kata kunci: komodifikasi, mode muslimah, konstruksi sosial Abstract Commodification plays a significant role in the meaning production of Moslema fashion, a term mostly used to capture a fast growing trend. It shows a social change. While in the 80’s women used jilbab in ideology and political terms, in the recent days jilbab becomes a more fashion trend. This article uses social media cases that represent the social construction of Moslema fashion. This research used several construction elements from Ninian Smart as well as SjØrup and Christensen to capture the commodification form -from the meaning, ritual to the material dimension of commodification. Keywords: Commodification, Fashion Moslema, Social Construction

Hubungan Sosial Ekonomi Nelayan Lokal dan Nelayan Pendatang di Indonesia Bagian Timur Lan, Thung Ju
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 2, No.1 (1998)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

The Competition between local fisherman and new comers is mostly assumed to create conflicts. By comparing fisherman of Bebalang & Beo in North Sulawesi with those of Hitu & Sathean in Maluku and those of Tobati & Enggros in Teluk Yotefa, Iran Jaya. We can see that it is not always the case. Homogenety-Heterogenetiy as well as openness-closeness of a fishing community plays an important role in developing competition into (physical) conflicts.

THE PRACTICE OF THE RIGHT OF WORKERS TO ORGANIZE IN POST-REFORMATION ERA Mulyani, Lilis
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 8, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Serikat Pekerja di Indonesia seolah menemukan kembali “semangat”nya setelah masa reformasi. Aktifitas Serikat Pekerja yang di rejim sebelumnya sangat terbatas mulai bangkit dan kembali menyuarakan hak-hak pekerja. Namun demikian, kebangkitan Serikat Pekerja ini tidak berarti tanpa kendala, terutama apabila pelaksanaannya disandingkan dengan pedoman yang diberikan dalam hokum internasional khususnya dalam Konvensi-konvensi ILO. Dalam artikel ini dibahas berbagai bentuk kendala yang dihadapi Serikat Pekerja di Indonesia seperti kriminalisasi aktivis Serikat Pekerja dan pengerahan massa dalam menghadapi aksi-aksi Serikat Pekerja. Serikat Pekerja sebagai ujung tombak pemenuhan hak-hak dasar pekerja di Indonesia menjadi penting di tengah menurunnya kondisi ekonomi yang seringkali dijadikan alasan banyak pengusaha untuk tidak memenuhi hak pekerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan analisa media. Dari studi ini ditemukan beberapa ‘tren’ sikap diskriminasi anti-serikat pekerja, meski beberapa diantaranya bukan merupakan bentuk yang baru seperti kriminalisasi aktivis serikat pekerja, pembentukan serikat pekerja “bayangan”, penyerangan terhadap aktivis serikat pekerja, intimidasi pada pekerja, mekanisme registrasi yang masih berbelit, dan respon pasif atas laporan-laporan tindakan diskriminatif yang diterima aktivis dan anggota serikat pekerja. Keyword: Worker Union, the Right to Organise, Indonesian Labour.

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