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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 14104830 EISSN : 25021966 DOI : -

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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya (JMB) or Journal of Society and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to be an authoritative academic source on the study of society and culture. We publish original research papers, review articles, case studies, and book reviews focusing on Indonesian society, cultural phenomena, and other related topics. A manuscript describing society and culture outside Indonesia is expected to be analyzed comparatively with the issues and context in Indonesia. All papers will be reviewed rigorously at least by two referees. JMB is published three times a year, in April, August , and December.

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Articles 869 Documents

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ETNISITAS, HUBUNGAN SOSIAL DAN KONFLIK DI KALIMANTAN BARAT Haba, John
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 14, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Indonesia has more than 300 ethnic groups living scaterred in around 17.000 islands. Having said that, brilliantly Indonesian founding fathers such Soekarno, Hatta and other prominent leaders fought and struggled to lay down a very strong foundation, to bring all ethnic groups and its complexities into the one nation state. Since the beginning, the challenge is to bring all the ethnic groups, races, religious adherents together into one framework of thinking, that we are one nation being constructed from various social, ethnic and religious background. Various regional unrest during Soekarno’s era up to the present, should be discerned as a consequence of imbalance development policy and political ‘treatment’ especially over people who reside in outer islands. Although improvement and reorientation of development policies and programs have brought much changes for people who live far from Jakarta. But, the arrival of decentralization period which had started in January 1999, where the transferred of power from the center to the region resumed, some ethnic violents and clashes occurred. One among several ethnic tragedy happened in Indonesia, was the bloody Sangau Ledo and Sambas conflict that severely forced the Madura peoples to leave the West Kalimantan Province, a site they had resided for many years. After the uncertainty in the social and ethnic nexus among Madura, Dayak and Melayu peoples, as a result of the conflict, today the situation is gradually improving, and social interaction in the conflict sites is much developing to be better compared with the time when the clashes erupted.

URANG TUO PASIA PEMERSATU NELAYAN DAN PELESTARI SUMBERDAYA KELAUTAN Ferawati, Ferawati
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 7, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This study is about Urang Tuo Pasia, “The Fishermen Leader and Ocean Resources Conserver”. Urang Tuo Pasia is both a institution and a chief in traditional costums of a fishermen community in Bungus-Teluk Kabung, Padang, West Sumatra. Instead of Urang Tuo Pasia, he is also called as Angku (“father”) or Tuo Pasia (“the old fisherman”). The aim of the study is to find out the role of Urang Tuo Pasia in the problems of the integration among the fishermen and the conservation of the sea natural resources. This reveals as an important thing since from the historical perspective, many manuscripts note that Urang Tuo Pasia could have had outstanding role in solving the problems encountered by the local fishermen. The method used in this research is qualitative one. It is supported by multidimensional approaches to sharpen the analysis. They come from the field of anthropology, sociology, economics, and politics. From the various data found and analyzed, this research concludes hat theroleof Urang Tuo Pasia is running into stagnation. However, it local wisdom still remain.

KONFLIK AGRARIA DI INDONESIA: CATATAN REFLEKTIF KONFLIK PERKEBUNAN SAWIT DI KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR Syafi'i, Imam
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 18, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa permasalahan konflik agraria di sektor perkebunan di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur merepresentasikan buruknya sistem tata kelola SDA di Indonesia. Berbagai permasalahan yang diakibatkan oleh tumpang tindih kewenangan dan kebijakan dari level pusat hingga daerah menyebabkan munculnya berbagai pelanggaran hukum seperti pemalsuan dokumen, kriminalisasi, pengrusakan fasilitas. Sementara, negara cenderung memberikan fasilitas yang memudahkan laju ekspansi perusahaan perkebunan sawit yang ekstraktif. Hal ini kemudian mempercepat laju kerusakan lingkungan akibat alih fungsi lahan dan marginalisasi kelompok masyarakat adat. Namun demikian, pascarezim otoritarian, munculnya FKKTDM-KT yang diinisiasi oleh DAD memperlihatkan bahwa institusi berbasis komunitas adat mulai memiliki peran dan posisi di dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam di wilayah mereka. Keberadaan FKKTDM-KT yang diperkuat melalui Peraturan Daerah baik di level provinsi maupun kabupaten tidak hanya memperkuat posisi mereka secara kultural juga posisi politik mereka. Hal ini dapat dikatakan sebagai bagian dari respon mereka untuk membangun strategi menghadapi perusahaan besar dan atau negara termasuk di dalamnya upaya-upaya penyelesaian konflik di sektor perkebunan. This paper explains that the problem of agrarian conflict in the plantation sector in East Kotawaringin Regency represents poor natural resource management in Indonesia. Various problems caused by overlapping authority and policy from central to local level lead to numerous law violation, document forgery, criminalization, and facilities destruction. Meanwhile, the state tends to provide privilege for the palm oil plantation company to expand its capital. This might accelerate environmental damage because of land conversion and marginalization of local community. However, after the authoritarian regime, the emergence of FKKTDM-KT initiated by DAD shows that traditional community-based institutions is beginning to have a role and position in the management of natural resources in their territories. The existence of FKKTDM-KT reinforced through better regulation (Peraturan Daerah) at provincial and regency level not only strengthens their position culturally, but also politically. It can be considered as part of their response to develop strategies to cope with companies or government including efforts to resolve the conflict in the plantation sector.

INDONESIA YANG DIBAYANGKAN: PERISTIWA 1965-1966 DAN KEMUNCULAN EKSIL INDONESIA Akmaliah, Wahyudi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 17, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

As a newly independent country, Sukarno as Indonesian president had a big plan to develop Indonesia, namely to build economic, politic, and governmental infrastructure independently. One way to take was both developing human resource capabilities and creating a new potential generation among Indonesian students by sending them to study in the developed countries. However, the imagined dream had disappeared along with the events of 1965-1966 which marked by the movement of September 30, 1965. This paper focuses on pre and post of the 1965-1966 events by raising two questions; how was Indonesia being imagined by the Sukarno presidency within the context of foreign policy in the Cold War era by sending the Indonesian students for studying overseas? What was the impact of the 1965-966 events that they were facing? This article shows that the event of 1965-1966 does not only break a dream that imagined by Sukarno, but also causes the emergence of Indonesian exiles community that had been finally forced them to become a stateless citizen. Although they are no longer Indonesian citizen, both of their memory and social activities of Indonesia have been still so strong up to now. In the term of Benedict Anderson’s words, they are well-known as community of long-distance nationalism. Kata kunci: Sukarno, the 1965-1966 tragedy, exiles, long distance nationalism

KONFLIK BAGI HASIL TANGKAPAN PURSE SEINE DI PRIGI, TRENGGALEK, JAWA TIMUR Wahyono, Ary
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 5, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

The dependency relation has been occured between The boat owner (juragan darat) and crewmen (pandega) in small scale fishery, although this relation is not balance. Inbalancing relation is caused that the ordinary crewmen has owed to the boat owner. Their lives are supported by the boat owner. The boat owner supplies the basic needs to their families along they don’t go fishing. This phenomena is commonly happened in fishing community. This article will show there is no dependency of debt and conflict for sharing of catch in fishing community in Prigi, Jawa Timur.

Penyebaran Pesan Penerangan Melalui Media Pertunjukan Rakyat Waluyo, Djoko
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 3, No.1 (2000)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Penyebaran Pesan Penerangan Melalui Media Pertunjukan Rakyat

PERUBAHAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA PETANI ORGANIK DI YOGYAKARTA Zamroni, Muhammad Imam
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 12, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Since 1960s the government implemented Green Revolution policy to develop Indonesian agricultural sector due to the food crisis and the concern population growth that had reached 2.5 percent and to accelerate rural development. The introduction of agricultural technology and the use of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and herbicide, become the main program of the government to increase agricultural productivity and the welfare of farmer’s life, but they had caused damage in the long run. The impact of high level use chemical fertilizers and pesticides for several decades, have reduced soil fertility, damage soil structure and organic content. To reverse the situation, the farmers in the village Seruthave tried to introduce a model of agriculture which is environment-friendly and set out a sustainability model called organic farming or integrated farming. The transition from conventional farming into organic farming has changed of social-cultural behavior of the community and increased social welfare in Serut. This article aims to discuss socialcultural and behavioral changes among organic farmers in the sub-village Serut, Palbapang village, Bantuldistrict, Yogyakarta province. The methods of data collection were indepth interview, direct observation and documents analysis. Keywords: organic farming, social-cultural change, social welfare

ANTARA KETAATAN BERAGAMA DAN TOLERANSI SOSIAL: MEMBACA PEMIKIRAN GURU MARZUKI MUARA DI BETAWI TENTANG KAFIR (1877-1934) BETWEEN OBEDIENCE AND SOCIAL TOLERANCE: READING GURU MARZUKI THOUGHT OF MUARA OF BETAWI ON KAFIR (1877-1934) Iswanto, Agus
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 18, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Abstract This paper presents the work and ideas of Guru Marzuki, a Jakarta (Betawi) Islamic scholar, from the late 19th to the early 20th century. This paper focuses on theological thought or kalam highlighting the issue of kafir. This paper is based on the works of Guru Marzuki, interviews and other relevant sources. Result shows that the theology school of Guru Marzuki is ‘Asy’ari. Guru Marzuki stays in between of ‘religious discipline’ and tolerance to other Muslims. Marzuki emphasizes the importance of 'discipline' in aqidah and worship. Nevertheless, in the context of social relations among Muslims Marzuki promotes tolerance, as shown by his careful judgement on the issue of kafir. The thoughts of Guru Marzuki contribute to the history of moderate Islam as well as responding to the issue of ‘kafir’ that is still relevant in the recent days. Keywords: Islamic thought, theology, kafir, ulama of Betawi-Indonesia, Guru Marzuki Abstrak Tulisan ini menyajikan karya dan pemikiran dari seorang ulama Jakarta atau Betawi dari akhir abad ke-19 dan awal ke-20, yakni Guru Marzuki. Tulisan ini berfokus pada pemikiran teologi atau kalam dengan pembahasan khusus pada masalah penilaian kafir, sebuah isu yang masih relevan sekarang. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah karya-karya Guru Marzuki, wawancara, dan sumber lain yang relevan dengan konteks kehidupan Guru Marzuki. Dari sisi aliran teologi, Guru Marzuki mengikuti mazhab ‘Asy‘ari. Dari karya-karyanya di bidang teologi, terungkap bahwa Guru Marzuki berdiri di antara ‘disiplin dalam beragama’ dengan toleransi kepada sesama Muslim. Secara individual, Guru Marzuki menekankan ‘kedisiplinan’ dalam akidah dan ibadah. Namun, dalam konteks relasi sosial sesama Muslim Guru Marzuki mengedepankan toleransi, terbukti dari pandangan yang hati-hati dalam memberi penilaian kafir. Pengungkapan pemikiran Guru Marzuki dapat menyumbangkan khazanah intelektual mengenai persoalan kafir yang hingga kini menjadi isu yang selalu muncul di Indonesia. Pemikiran Guru Marzuki memberikan kontribusi bagi sejarah pemikiran Islam moderat di Indonesia. Kata kunci: pemikiran Islam, teologi, kafir, ulama Betawi-Indonesia, Guru Marzuki

LANGUAGE AND RELIGION: THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN CHRISTIAN LITURGY ON SOME BORDER AREAS OF INDONESIA Tondo, Fanny Henry
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol. 20 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

In sociolinguistic perspective, the language use could be studied in various domains. One of them is religious domain. The use of language in religious practice, in this case Protestant Christianity in areas where the research location is relatively uniform from one place to another. Bahasa Indonesia (BI) is the dominant language in all liturgy elements. In six areas studied Indonesian hegemony is very strong, not only on state activities and education, but also on religious activities, especially Protestant Christianity. Meanwhile, local languages or local languages fill only a few liturgical elements within a limited scope, ie at 'sermons' and 'chants and choirs'. In some cases, however, the use of local languages can occur during most of these religious occasions, for example in the ceremony of thanksgiving (new gratefulness of the rice). This paper aims to explain the language use in Christianity, especially in some churches in some border areas of Indonesia namely in Alor (East Nusa Tenggara), South Sorong (West Papua), Halmahera (North Maluku), Nunukan-Sebatik (North Kalimantan), Enggano (Bengkulu), and Banda Aceh (Aceh). The data provided is based on the field researches during 2005 – 2014 (for the areas of Alor, South Sorong, Halmahera, dan Nunukan-Sebatik) and it has been enriched by related current secondary data. Meanwhile, on Enggano and Banda Aceh use respectively the data collected in 2015 and 2016. Dalam perspektif sosiolinguistik, pemakaian bahasa dapat dikaji dalam berbagai ranah. Salah satu ranah di antaranya yaitu agama. Pemakaian bahasa dalam praktik keagamaan, dalam hal ini Kristen Protestan di daerah-daerah yang menjadi lokasi penelitian relatif seragam dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain. Bahasa Indonesia (BI) merupakan bahasa dominan dalam semua elemen liturgy. Pada enam daerah yang diteliti hegemoni bahasa Indonesia sangatlah kuat, tidak hanya pada kegiatan-kegiatan kenegaraan dan pendidikan, tetapi juga pada kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan, khususnya agama Kristen Protestan. Sementara itu, bahasa daerah atau bahasa lokal hanya mengisi beberapa elemen liturgi saja dalam lingkup terbatas, yakni pada saat ‘khotbah’ dan ‘nyanyian dan koor’. Kendatipun demikian, pada beberapa kasus tertentu pemakaian bahasa lokal dapat terjadi pada hampir sepanjang acara keagamaan tadi, misalnya dalam acara ibadah pengucapan syukur (syukuran padi baru). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pemakaian bahasa dalam liturgi Kristen khususnya pada beberapa gereja di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia yakni di Alor (Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur), Sorong Selatan (Provinsi Papua Barat), Halmahera (Provinsi Maluku Utara), Nunukan-Sebatik (Provinsi Kalimantan Utara), Enggano (Provinsi Bengkulu) dan Banda Aceh (Provinsi Aceh). Data yang digunakan didasarkan pada penelitian yang dilaksanakan selang tahun 2005 – 2014 (untuk wilayah Alor, Sorong Selatan, Halmahera, dan Nunukan-Sebatik) dan dilengkapi juga dengan data sekunder terkini. Sementara itu wilayah Enggano dan Aceh masing-masing menggunakan data 2015 dan 2016.

MARAWIS PENGUATAN IDENTITAS ISLAM MASYARAKAT BETAWI Heryanah, Heryanah
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Most people in Indonesia have already known about Betawi’s folk art, such as, Lenong Betawi, Topeng Betawi, Gambang Kromong and so forth. Beside that, there is also another art, called Marawis. It exists in Betawi’s community since about 1970, and recently it begins to protrude and flourish. Marawis is an art of music percussion, which is played by a group of men, and usually use for some various Betawi’s ceremonies, like wedding, pengajian (majlis), and some other ceremonial events. The main instruments are Marawis and Hajir. The songs mostly in Arabic language comprising Islamic values. Hence, there are still some intense debate about the originality of this music, some people said that this kind of folk art is from Middle East countries, but the other believed that this is belong to Indonesian people. Nowadays, it seems that Marawis is considered to become one of Betawi’s culture.

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