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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 14104830 EISSN : 25021966 DOI : -

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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya (JMB) or Journal of Society and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to be an authoritative academic source on the study of society and culture. We publish original research papers, review articles, case studies, and book reviews focusing on Indonesian society, cultural phenomena, and other related topics. A manuscript describing society and culture outside Indonesia is expected to be analyzed comparatively with the issues and context in Indonesia. All papers will be reviewed rigorously at least by two referees. JMB is published three times a year, in April, August , and December.

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KEBIJAKAN NEGARA TERHADAP PRT MIGRAN DI INDONESIA: TELAAH GENDER DAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Soetjiptio, Ani
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 19, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Studies on migrant domestic workers have been widely discussed through various social, politic as well as economic analyses. In international relations, the studies on migrant domestic workers can be analyzed through a number of perspectives. In addition to international political economic perspective, studies on migrant domestic workers also frequently use the international migration theory. This paper discusses and highlights the issue of migrant domestic workers overseas through gender and feminism perspectives as well as their intersection with international political economic and international migration perspectives. Gender and feminism perspectives perceive individual and personal experience to be strongly correlated with the global situation and international structure. Using this analysis, one can explain why women from third world countries such as Indonesia, Philippines, and Bangladesh have gone into global workforce markets, which mostly are segmented into low-paid, lack of protection employment, and informal sectors (domestic workers). They frequently have to face isolation, exploitation, and multi-layered discrimination. This paper aims to map the issues of Indonesian women migrant workers in more thorough manner as well as reviewing state’s policy on migrant workers in the current Jokowi-JK administration. This article consists of three parts. First is the current empirical phenomenon of Indonesian migrant domestic workers along with various issues they are engulfed in. The second part is conceptual framework, i.e. feminist lens and its intresection with international political economy as well as international migration in addressing migrant domestic workers issues and how the issue is advocated. The last part highlights the use of such a framework to discuss about migrant domestic worker issues in Indonesian context. Kajian tentang tentang PRT Pekerja migran sudah banyak dibahas lewat beragam analisis sosial, politik maupun ekonomi. Dalam ilmu hubungan internasional, kajian tentang Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) migran bisa dianalisis lewat beragam perspektif. Selain lewat perspektif ekonomi politik internasional, kajian tentang PRT migran juga biasa dibahas lewat teori migrasi internasional. Tulisan ini akan membahas dan mengkaji masalah PRT migran di luar negeri lewat perspektif gender dan feminisme persilangannya dengan lensa ekonomi politik internasional dan migrasi internasional. Perspektif gender dan feminisme melihat bahwa pengalaman personal perseorangan sangat terkait erat satu sama lain dengan situasi global dan struktur internasional. Melalui pisau analisis tersebut dijelaskan mengapa perempuan dari dunia ketiga, seperti Indonesia, Filipina, Bangladesh terlempar ke pasar kerja global, dan tersegmentasi sebagian besar dalam lapangan kerja yang berupah rendah, minim perlindungan, sebagian besar berada dalam sektor informal sebagai PRT, yang cirinya sering terisolasi, serta tidak jarang mengalami eksploitasi dan diskriminasi berlapis lapis. Lewat tulisan ini diharapkan peta persoalan buruh migran perempuan Indonesia tidak hanya bisa dipahami dengan lebih jeli, tetapi juga kebijakan negara terhadap PRT Migran di era pemerintahan Jokowi- JK saat ini bisa ditelaah. Tulisan ini akan terdiri dari tiga bagian. Bagian pertama adalah fenomena empirik situasi PRT migran Indonesia dengan berbagai persoalannya. Bagian kedua memaparkan kerangka pemikiran melalui lensa feminisme dan persilangannya dengan ekonomi politik internasional serta migrasi internasional dalam menyikapi persoalan PRT dan bagaimana isu tersebut diadvokasikan. Bagian terakhir dengan menggunakan kerangka pemikiran tersebut dibahas persoalan PRT migran dalam konteks Indonesia

CONSTITUTIONALIZING HUMAN RIGHTS: A Comparative Studies on Thailand and Indonesia’s Constitutional Reform Mulyani, Lilis
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 7, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Perkembangan dan proses reformasi konstitusi di suatu Negara tidak bisa terlepas dari pengaruh konsep-konsep global di antaranya adalah konsep hak asasi manusia. Konsep hak asasi manusia merupakan suatu konsep yang paling penting peranannya dan paling banyak diadopsi di abad ini. Namun demikian dalam proses adopsi ke dalam konstitusi suatu negara, konsep ini mengalami lagi proses ‘adaptasi’ sejalan dengan situasi politik dan sosial-budaya di Negara penerima. Hal ini diperlihatkan dalam proses reformasi konstitusi yang dilakukan di dua Negara Asia yang berada dalam situasi transisi demokrasi yaitu Thailand dan Indonesia. Dari perbandingan dua negara ini ditunjukkan bahwa tidak akan ada dua Negara yang mengadopsi konsep hak asasi manusia yang serupa secara substansial. Di dalam perjalanannya konsep ini akan mengalami interpretasi, modifikasi -dan bahkan mengalami perubahan- yang pada akhirnya akan menghasilkan sebuah konsep hak asasi manusia yang memiliki karakteristik yang khusus.

BEREBUT “BERKAH” SENDANG SELIRANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF BEBERAPA KOMUNITAS MASYARAKAT MUSLIM KOTA GEDE, YOGYAKARTA: Sebuah Upaya Mempromosikan Dialog Agama dan Budaya waryono, waryono
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 19, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article discusses about cultural phenomenon called by sendang selirang. Sendang Seliran is the name of one of the local culture typical in Kota Gede Yogyakarta, which are still preserved. Sendang Seliran is a tradition of cleaning the pool in the former kingdom of Mataram environment early in Kota Gede. The tradition interpreted differently by the three groups in Kota Gede: Abangan, muslim students, and intellectual. The problem is the background why and what are the differences? Although different, why citizens of Kota Gede, remain in harmony? This paper departs from the framework developed by Clifford Geertz interpretive ethnography to understand a cultural event that occurs in the community. The results show that for people Abangan, Sendang Selirang are rites and ceremonies performed with religious emotion and have sacred properties. Turned out to be different meanings for groups of students who are represented by Muhammadiyah. For some activists Muhammadiyah, tradition nawu Sendang (Sendang Selirang) is part of superstition, heresy, and kurafat, so it should be avoided. As for the "intellectuals", the event is not enough nawu sendang viewed from the side of religion, but also in terms of culture. This is a "middle way" to mediate the two previous groups of potential conflict. Evidence suggests that differences in the views of the three groups is not only influenced by their religious views, but also by other factors outside the religion, such as equity in the administration and material benefits. Nevertheless, unity in difference remains the preferred, so that the harmony continues to perform well. Artikel ini membahas tentang fenomena budaya lokal Sendang Selirang. Sendang Selirang merupakan tradisi membersihkan kolam yang berada di bekas lingkungan Kerajaan Mataram Awal di Kota Gede. Tradisi tersebut dimaknai secara berbeda oleh tiga kelompok di Kota Gede, yaitu kelompok Abangan, Santri, dan Intelektual. Permasalahannya, mengapa dan apa latar belakang perbedaannya? Meskipun berbeda, mengapa warga Kota Gede tetap harmonis? Penelitian etnografi dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi ini telah menemukan bahwa bagi masyarakat Abangan, Sendang Selirang merupakan ritus dan upacara yang dilaksanakan dengan emosi keagamaan dan mempunyai sifat keramat. Pemaknaan ini berbeda dengan kelompok santri yang direpresentasikan oleh Muhammadiyah. Oleh beberapa aktivis Muhammadiyah, ritual ini dianggap sebagai bagian dari takhayul, bid’ah, dan kurafat, sehingga harus dihindari. Sementara itu, bagi kelompok intelektual, peristiwa nawu sendang tidak cukup dipandang dari sisi agama, melainkan juga perlu dilihat dari sisi budaya. Hal itu merupakan “jalan tengah” untuk menengahi dua kelompok sebelumnya dan menghindari terjadinya potensi konflik.

KERENTANAN PENAMBAK GARAM AKIBAT PERUBAHAN MUSIM HUJAN DI DESA RANDUTATAH, KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO Wahyono, Ary
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 14, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This paper describes the vulnerability of salt farmers due to changes in rainy season caused by climate change. This paper also discusses about its effect on the working relationship between salt pond owners and salt farmers that need to adapt to this climate change or managing the risk sharing between parties. Salt farming is the main source of income of the people in coastal area in Probolinggo, East Java. The risk of salt pond harvest failure is relatively smaller than shrimp pond or fish pond. Salt pond farming is less like in to subject to crop disease or seed mortality, or any other problems that may happen on other farmings. Nonetheless, the salt farming at present faces difficulties since the global warming change the rainy season has changed. Usually the rainy and dry season was predictable, therefore the salt farmers are able to plan their income sources. Salt farming business is the activity conducted during dry season; and during rainy season, salt farmer work as crop workers, or fishermen. Unpredicted rainy season makes salt farmers unable to schedule salt farm production. The rain melts the salt, therefore the salt farmer has to start all over again. Keywords: climate change, social vulnerability, salt pond, salt farmer

KEMATIAN IBU: SUATU TINJAUAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA Rajab, Budi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 11, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Mother mortality rate in Indonesia remains considerably high. The cause of maternal mortality indirectly is much related with the problems of poverty, the independent role of women in decision making within the family, and the public health services, which continues to be a centralistic-bureaucracy. In Costa Rica, Srilanka, and Kerala province in India, even though the majority of their citizens are poor as in Indonesia the maternal mortality is falling significantly. The reason that make this possible is because a strategy and a program of women empowerment in making independent decisions have been developed together with a model of participative public health services, which is cooperatively carried out by government and local community institutions dealing with community health problems that are affordable and comprehend for the economy and education of the community. The society and government of Indonesia may get a lesson by learning from the strategy and health programs from those three countries. Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Poverty, Women Dependency, Maternal Heath Service

DEKONSTRUKSI STEREOTIP EKSKLUSIVITAS ETNIS TIONGHOA DALAM CERPEN CLARA KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA Fikri, Mochammad
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 20, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Stereotip eksklusif etnis Tionghoa memunculkan sikap benci pribumi terhadap etnis Tionghoa. Puncak sikap benci ini ditandai dengan tragedi Mei 1998. Tragedi tersebut mengakibatkan kegundahan dalam diri para sastrawan, sehingga di era tersebut lahir beberapa karya sebagai bentuk representasi kegagalan pemerintah dalam mengatasi masalah SARA. Salah satu karya yang muncul adalah cerpen Clara karya Seno Gumira Adjidarma. Cerpen ini menarik untuk didiskusikan oleh peneliti dan praktisi karya sastra. Permasalahannya, bagaimana strategi yang digunakan tokoh Clara dalam mendekonstruksi stereotip eksklusif etnis Tionghoa? Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan untuk membahas masalah adalah teori sosiologi sastra dan identitas diri. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi beberapa cara atau strategi yang dilakukan oleh tokoh Clara untuk mendekonstruksi stereotip eksklusivitas kaum Tionghoa. Cara tersebut adalah (1) Tokoh Clara lebih memilih untuk menjadi sosok yang nonesensialisme dan (2) Ia menjadi sosok yang inklusif dan nasionalis. Pengarang sendiri telah memposisikan Clara dalam pusaran realitas sosial politik yang dialami masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia pada umumnya. The exclusive Chinese-Indonesian ethnic stereotype triggered hatred on Chinese-Indonesian ethnic. The climax of the hatred was marked by the “Tragedy of May” in 1998. The tragedy drove anxiety among writers, so in the era some literary works were born as the representation of government's failure to solve the ethnic problem. One of them was short story titled Clara by Seno Gumira Adjidarma. It has been widely discussed by literary researchers and practitioners. The problem of the study was dealing with what strategy used by the character of Clara in deconstructing the exclusive stereotype of Chinese-Indonesian ethnic. The method applied was descriptive by taking advantage of qualitative approach. The theory of sociology of literature and theory of identity were applied to discuss the problems. This study tried to identify some strategies performed by Clara to deconstruct the exclusivity of Chinese Indonesian stereotype. The strategies are (1) Clara is preferring to be a non-essentialist figure and (2) she is preferring to be an Inclusive- Nationalist. The author has positioned Clara in a situation of socio-political reality which is found out by Chinese society in Indonesia in general.

DILEMA PERAN KELOMPOK HAJI DALAM PENGUATAN TRADISI BUDAYA DAN SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN: STUDI KASUS MASYARAKAT SUNGAI NYAMUK SEBATIK Humaedi, Muhammad Alie
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 15, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

The Role of Haji Group Dilemma in Cultural Traditions and Social Religious Strengthening: Case Studies of Sungai Nyamuk-Sebatik Community Sebatik East Kalimantan is a variety of ethnic enclaves in Indonesia-Malaysia border. It builts not by an ethnic group, but filled with multiethnic carrying their own religions and values of its own internalization. Unfortunately, to reduce or prevent latent conflict, nullifying the violation of customary and religious can not be prevented by their religious leaders. The Hajj groups role were dysfunctional in people’s real life. This paper questioned the dysfunctional role of the hajj groups in strengthening social and religious traditions in Sungai Nyamuk Sebatik society? What is the motive exactly behind it dysfunctional role of the hajj groups. The answers will reveal to the extent religious values and traditions internalized and implemented in the understanding and practice patterns of life. In addition this writing will also unravel the internalization of religion as well as the real driving integrating motive could encourage the growth of social participation Keywords: Sungai Nyamuk Sebatik, role dysfunction, culture tradition, Hajj Groups

EMPIRICAL MODELS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND STATE IN INDONESIA: HOW RELIGIOUS BELIEFS DEFINE THE RELATION BETWEEN RELIGION AND STATE? Hadiwitanto, Handi; Sterkens, Carl
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 17, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

In Indonesian political context the plausibility of religion is very high, both at individual and at societal level. People normally think that religion and state are not seen as totally independent. Religion should not be marginalised in public policies, and the state should deal with religious matters. In the same time we found the rise of religious fundamentalism and its influence on Indonesian politics. This particular situation shows the problematic relationship between religion and state in Indonesia. The dividing line between religion and state in today’s Indonesia is very thin at some points; and the role of religion in the legislative and executive branch receives a lot of attention in public debate. In this article we would like to examine empirically the attitudes of Indonesian students in higher education towards the relationship between religion and state. We will elaborate on the relationship between the religious convictions of individuals, and the influence of these convictions on their ideas about the separation of religion and state. We expect that university students attitudes are highly relevant regarding respect for religious freedom in domains where the state exercises control. The tension between religion and state is indeed visible in concrete legislation. Keywords: religion-state relation, liberalism, communitarianism, religion, Islam, Kristen, empirical research, Indonesia

Islamic Society and The Challenge of Globalization Abdullah, Taufik
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 1, No.2 (1998)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This early years Islamic Society face globalization era. Because of that they face several challenges; like social mobility. Globalization from the outside world has influence science and technology. From that situation, people in Islamic society must participation in world development and they must to have good planned social and economic strategies.

THE IDEOLOGICAL SHIFT OF MUHAMMADIYAH FROM CULTURAL INTO PURITANICAL TENDENCY IN 1930s Burhani, Ahmad Najib
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 8, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan adanya pergeseran ideologi di Muhammadiyah dari tendensi kultural menuju tendensi puritan. Pada awal berdirinya, Muhammadiyah merupakan representasi Islam varian Jawa. Ia lahir di Kauman, satu tempat dalam lingkungan tembok Kesultanan Yogyakarta, oleh sejumlah abdi dalem Kraton tersebut. Ia dibangun dengan inspirasi dan kesadaran seorang Islam-Jawa tulen, Raden Ngabehi Muhamad Darwisy (KH Ahmad Dahlan). Pada perkembangannya, terjadi satu pergeseran di organisasi yang berdiri 1912 ini, seolah-olah NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) lebih pas dipandang sebagai representasi Islam-Jawa daripada Muhammadiyah. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya pergeseran ini. Diantarannya adalah masuk dan berkembangnya ideologi Wahabi, terutama setelah Mekah dan Madinah dikuasai Saud-Wahabi. Keterlibatan orang-orang dari Padang dalam Muhammadiyah juga berpengaruh dalam pembentukan sikap organisasi ini terhadap budaya lokal. Terlebih, ideologi Muhammadiyah banyak dipengaruhi oleh ulama besar dari Padang, Haji Rasul. Selain kedua hal tersebut, faktor lain yang ikut berpengaruh dalam membentuk karakter Muhammadiyah dalam kaitannya dengan budaya adalah pembentukan Majlis Tarjih yang berorientasi syari’ah. Pendirian lembaga ini dipelopori oleh Mas Mansur, seorang ulama dari daerah pesisir, Surabaya. Karakteristik keislaman daerah pesisir pantai dikenal lebih ketat dibandingkan daerah pedalaman (hinterland) seperti Yogyakarta. Kata kunci: Muhammadiyah, ideological shift, Majlis Tarjih, cultural tendency, puritanical tendency.

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