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Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jalan Veteran (Kampus Sumbersari) Malang 65145 Tel. (0341) 569117ext 156, 173 ; Fax. (0341) 564755 Website : http://www.pji.ub.ac.id Email :pji@ub.ac.id
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INDONESIA
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2461114X     EISSN : 2461114X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia (PJI) is an online journal which is published twice a year by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. The articles published in PJI cover the themes of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Natural Product Pharmacy/Chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)" : 10 Documents clear
Antioxidant Activity of Sago (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb) Pith Waste TUKAYO, BRECHKERTS LIESKE; Wally , Patricia Iveceline Yohana; WANDANSARI, BAIQ DARAQUTHNI
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.1

Abstract

Sago pith waste contains flavonoid and tannin compounds. Flavonoids and tannins are well-known phytochemical compounds that act as natural antioxidants that can inhibit free radicals. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of sago (Metroxylon sagu rottb) pith waste extract. Sago pith waste was obtained from Jayapura Regency and extracted by maceration method using 1500 ml of ethanol 70% as a solvent for 5 days. Furthermore, phytochemical screening was carried out on the thick extract. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) assay was used to determine antioxidant activity from ethanol extract of sago pith waste with variation in concentration as follows: 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, and 500 ppm. The study's results found that the secondary metabolite contents of the ethanol extract of sago pith waste were flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins. From the antioxidant activity test results, the inhibition percentages of the extracts were 30.98%, 40.66%, 51.15%, 65.90%, and 70%, respectively. The IC50 value of the sago pith waste ethanol extract was found to be 283.11 ppm, which was categorised as weak activity of antioxidants. It can be concluded that sago pulp extract has the potential as a source of natural antioxidants
Self-Medication Practice, Attitude, and Knowledge of Health Science Students in Indonesia: A Cross Sectional Study M. Shofwan Haris; Baiq Risky Wahyu Lisnasari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.2

Abstract

Self-medication is a term to describe an act of using medication, whether traditional or synthetic, for self-treatment. This study was carried out to determine the pattern, attitude, and knowledge of self-medication among health science major students in Bangkalan, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2023. Data was obtained through self-administered questionnaire and the results expressed as percentages. This study enrolled 204 students from different majors, i.e. pharmacy (39.5%), nurse (33%), midwifery (17.9%), medical record science (9.1%), and others (3%). All of the participants have practiced self-medication in the last six month, at least once. The most common reason for self-medication were the mildness of the diseases (50%), the urgency to relieve symptoms fast (13%), and previous medical knowledge (13%). Multivitamin (42.2%) and analgesics (35.8%) were the most frequent used drugs for self-medication. The students tend to have positive attitude favoring self-medication. The majority (72.55%) of students demonstrated good level knowledge of self-medication. An effort to raise public awareness of the disadvantage of self-medication and the responsible way to practice it should continuously be made. The pharmacist should actively contributed in raising public awareness and more education should be given to the students regarding the risk of self-medication.
Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino-2-Phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-One Derivative as A Potential COX-2 Selective Analgesic Candidate Naura Salsabila Nadhifa; Luthfi Ahmad Muchlashi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.3

Abstract

Background: Quinazoline is a group of alkaloid compounds found in several plant and animal families, such as plants in the Rutaceae family. Non-selective COX-2 inhibitors, while effective analgesics, may also inhibit COX-1 in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially disrupting protective mucus production. This research aims to assess the potential of the derivative compound 3-Amino-2-Phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-One as an analgesic agent through molecular docking. The selection of test compounds was conducted using the Topliss Tree method. The potency of the compounds was assessed based on rerank scores and interactions with amino acids in COX-2 (PDB ID 1PXX) and COX-1 (PDB ID 1EQG). The findings suggest that compound 14cpq may exhibit selective COX-2 inhibitory activity. This is supported by its lower rerank score with COX-2 (-85.2374 arb. units) compared to COX-1 (-63.9889 arb. units), as well as its interactions with amino acids Ser1530 and Met1522 within the COX-2 binding site, similar to sodium diclofenac. Furthermore, 14cpq displays distinct interaction patterns with COX-1 compared to ibuprofen, reinforcing its potential selectivity for COX-2. However, further research is required to ascertain the effectiveness of these compound as selective COX-2 analgesics.   Keywords: 3-amino-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives; analgesic; molecular docking
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit Combined with Deferiprone on Peripheral Blood Counts in Iron-Overloaded Rats Rahma, Rahma; Estuningtyas, Ari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.4

Abstract

Iron overload poses health risks due to its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. We evaluated the efficacy of ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit (PM) against deferiprone-induced alterations in hematological parameters in iron-overloaded rats. Six groups were studied: control, iron-overloaded (IO), deferiprone (D), PM, and two combination groups (DPM-1 and DPM-2). Hematological parameters were assessed at baseline (week-3) and post-treatment (week-8), including total white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), granulocytes (GRAN), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Iron overload induced mild changes, with significant increases in MCV, alongside non-significant increasing trend in LYM and decreasing trends in other parameters. Deferiprone led to significant decreases in RBC and Hb, with non-significant increases in MCV and non-significant decreases in other parameters. PM group showed significant decreased in PLT, RBC, and Hb, and a significant increase in MCV and MCH, accompanied by non-significant increase in MCHC and non-significant decreasing trends in WBC, LYM, and GRAN. Combination treatment of ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit with deferiprone at usual dose (DPM-1) resulted in significant changes, including decreases in GRAN, RBC, Hb and MCHC and increasing MCV, accompanied by non-significant increase in MCH and non-significant decrease in other parameter. The magnitude of parameter changes appears smaller when the dose of deferiprone is reduced in the combination group (DPM-2) compared to the DPM-1 group. PM alone exhibited minimal effects on hematological parameters compared to deferiprone (except for PLT), indicating the need for further research to elucidate the specific cellular and molecular pathways influenced by these treatments to support the use of PM as adjunct therapy in patients with iron overload.
Detection of Chili Powder Adulteration with Rhodamine B in Traditional Markets of Singosari District Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: Detection of Chili Powder Adulteration with Rhodamine B Putri, Anggita
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.5

Abstract

Introduction: Chili powder (Capsicum annum L.) is a spice that has many benefits, one of which is as a Chilli powder (Capsicum annuum L.) is a spice that has many benefits, one of which is as a cooking ingredient, a natural red dye, and a traditional medicinal ingredient. The high demand for chili, the short shelf life, and the fluctuations in chilli prices have led to the adulteration of chilli powder with economic motives, namely with Rhodamin B. RI regulation No. 239/Men.Kes/Per/85 states that Rhodamin B is a dangerous color substance and is prohibited from use in drugs, food, and cosmetics. Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are adulterated chili powder products in the Traditional Market of Singosari District, Malang Regency. Methods: This study used Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in data processing and used KLT Densitomestri to determine capsaicin levels in chili powder. Data processing was performed using multivariate calibration using PLS (Partial last Square) and OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis). The samples used in this study were 10 market samples, control chili powder samples, and mixed samples of chili powder with Rhodamin B synthetic dye with a concentration of 0-50% (b/b). Results: From the results of the study, it was found that the capsaicin content in chili powder was 624.77 µg/g, then the results of OPLS-DA processing of market samples 1 to 7 were estimated to be not pure chili powder and samples 8 to 10 were estimated to be pure chili powder (there was a mixture of other ingredients). Furthermore, market samples 1 to 7 were tested using PLS. From the PLS results, the best calibration model was obtained at wave numbers 1800-1180 cm-1 where the calibration  value was 0.9989; RMSEC value 0.789;  validation 0.9968; RMSEP 1.93. PLS results show that in samples 1 to 4 and sample 6 it is estimated that there is a counterfeiter of Rhodamin B synthetic dye while in samples 5 and 7 no synthetic dye was detected in the chili powder, possibly the material added is not from synthetic dyes. Conclusion: So it is concluded that the market chili powder samples sold in the Singosari Traditional Market have samples of pure chili powder and samples that are predicted to have counterfeiters. Keyword: Chili Powder, Rhodamine B, Chemometrics, FT-IR
Anti-Aging Potential and Quercetin Determination of Melastoma malabathricum L. Leaves Extract Amalia, Thia
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.6

Abstract

Background: Melastoma malabathricum L. is a wild shrub that traditionally used in South-East Asia as wound healing. Plant extracts contain phenolic, flavonoid and tannin. The leaves extract also has many pharmacological activity but the anti-aging activity of the leaves extract has not been studied. Methods: The leaves of M. malabathricum was defatted with chloroform and then refluxed by ethanol. Quercetin content of the leaves extract was determined by HPLC. Anti-aging activity was evaluated by anti-elastase, and anti collagenase inhibitor activity of the leaves extract by a fluorometric method. Results: Percentage yield of the M. malabathricum leaves extract was 16.53% w/w. Quercetin content of the leaves extract was 9.20 mg/g extract. The leaves extract of M. malabathricum L. has anti-elastase and anti collagenase activity with IC50 80.39±2.36 ppm and 63.3±3.32 ppm, respectively. Conclusions: M. Malabathricum leaves extract was potential as an anti-aging cosmetic raw material.
Increasing The Digital Health Competency of Salatiga City Pharmacists in The Era of Digital Health Transformation Hati, Anita Kumala; Ratnasari, Yunia; M.N.H, Paulina Ambar
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.7

Abstract

Background: The Indonesia Ministry of Health has established six pillars of health transformation, one of which is health technology transformation. Pharmacist as a professional  health care must have digital health competency to contribute to the success of digital health transformation in Indonesia. Objective: This research aims to analyze and improve the digital health competency of Salatiga city pharmacists. Method: This research is a quasi-experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The number of participants was 30 pharmacists from the city of Salatiga. Digital health competency levels were measured before and after training using the Public Health Informatics Competencies for Primary Health Care (PHIC4PHC) questionnaire instrument. Competency levels are presented as ordinal data so that the Wilcoxon test is used to determine differences before and after intervention. Result: Participants in this study consisted of 63% pharmacists at pharmacies, 20% Primary Clinic pharmacists, and 17% Community Health Center pharmacists. Participants were aged between 26 and 47 years old with a period of pharmacist practice between 4 and 22 years. Analysis of respondents' digital health competency level before training obtained results of 2% basic level, 27% understanding level, 43% fluent level, and 23% expert level. Meanwhile, after 2 weeks of respondents applying the results of digital health training, there was an increase in respondents' competency to 30% fluent level and 70% expert level. The pharmacist's health competency increased significantly (p-value< 0.05). 20 participants increased their competency level, and 10 participants did not change their competency level. Conclusion: Digital health training has been proven to significantly increase the digital health competency of Salatiga city pharmacists. Keywords: e-Health, Telepharmacy, Informatics, Pharmacists, competence
Formulation And Physical Characteristic Of Hard Candy Lozenge Of Citrus Limon Essential Oil On Various Types Of Sugar Free Candy Base (Isomalt, Mannitol, Sorbitol) Nawatila, Roisah; Azminah
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.8

Abstract

Citrus limon is a natural ingredient that has potential as an anti-anxiety. The effect of increasing dopamine on the brain barrier due to consuming citrus limon essential oil can help relieve stress, fatigue, dizziness, and anxiety. This study aims to formulate citrus limon essential oil hard candy lozenge with various types of sugar free candy bases and evaluate its effect on the physical characteristic of the lozenge. Previously, this study was preceded by identifying the D-Limonene compounds as an active material on the citrus limon essential oil using the GC-MS method. There are three formulas used in this study, including F1 (isomalt), F2 (mannitol), and F3 (sorbitol). Physical characteristic tests carried out include organoleptics, weight variations, dimension, hardness, friability, dissolved pH, dissolve time, and hedonic tests. The identification test of citrus limon essential oil showed the presence of D-Limonene compound, in accordance with CoA and comparative literature. Thus, it can be concluded that the raw material of the oil used in this study was in accordance with the established quality. In addition, the results of physical characteristic showed that the organoleptic test of F1 and F3 yields better results than F2 (murky white color and rough texture). In addition, the evaluation of weight variation, friability, and dissolve time of F1 and F3 met specifications, while F2 did not meet specifications. Therefore, the sugar free candy base that can be developed into a hard candy lozenge in this study was by using isomalt (F1) and sorbitol (F3).
Formulation and Evaluation of Bioactive Composite Hydrogel Nanochitosan from Siwalan Fruit Peel (Borassus flabellifer) against Enterococcus faecalis Siswanto, Darmawan Chandra; Ramadani, Arfania Laily Rizky; Saputra, Bachren Azra; Putri, Fadia Amalina; Maharani, Marshanda Keysa Putri
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.9

Abstract

Caries is a bacterial infection of the hard tooth tissue, among the top six diseases in Indonesia. A common pulp capping failure often results from microleakage and contamination by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer) shell, containing chitosan, has antibacterial properties and supports tissue regeneration. This research aims to create a bioactive composite hydrogel with nano chitosan extract from siwalan shell at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, and evaluate its quality and antibacterial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. The study used an experimental post-test only group design with three treatment groups (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% siwalan shell nano chitosan extract) and two control groups. The nano chitosan extract was prepared through deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation, followed by formulation and quality testing of the hydrogel. The antibacterial test was conducted using the tube dilution method, and data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The hydrogel's Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was found to be 0.5%. The results of statistical tests show that the calculated F value (37.185) is greater than the F table (2.8661) with a sig value of 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05). Thus, the bioactive composite hydrogel nano chitosan extract from siwalan shell effectively inhibits the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and meets the quality parameters for pulp capping material.
Testing Antibacterial Activities and Characterization of Chemical Compounds Composing Essential Oil from Lemo Cuco Fruit Peel (Citrus sp.) Febryanti, Amalyah; Ilyas, Asriani; Abubakar, Andi Nur Fitriani
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.10

Abstract

Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.) is one of the plant species of Rutaceae grown in the districts of Bone and Sinjai, South Sulawesi. This fruit is commonly used for food as scent, cough reliever and as fishy and meaty deodorizing. The peel has a special scent indicating presence of essensial oil components. This study aims to evaluate antibacterial activities and and to characterize compounds in ethanol extract dan n-hexane extract Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.). This study used the soxhletation, and fitokimia text and the characterization of components in extracts with GC-MS and antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained from the study were testing the antibacterial activities of Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.) peel extract against the Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria. Inhibition of ethanol and n-hexane extract against the bacteria S. aureus included weak, medium, and strong category according to the concentrations (20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1.25%), whereas inhibitory against S. typhi bacteria in n-heksane included weak, medium, and strong category, whereas ethanol extract included medium and weak category, even not active. Based on the results of phytochemical identification of the Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.), peel extract indicated existence of flavonoids, phenolic, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids and saponins compound. n-heksane exctract contained special fraction saponins, whereas ethanol exctract was nothing. Characterization using GC-MS indicated existence of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid compound. Thus, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of lemon cuco fruit skin have the potential to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

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