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Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26850389     DOI : 10.30829/contagion
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the discussion is about Public Health, Health and Islam, and Coastal Health. This Journal is published twice, published on June and December.
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Articles 627 Documents
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Kidney‑Sparing Surgery in High‑Risk Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Patient Selection and Long‑Term Outcomes Friskiandi Friskiandi; Indrawarman Soerohardjo
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.30074

Abstract

High-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an aggressive disease for which radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the standard treatment but is associated with significant postoperative renal function decline. Kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) has emerged as a potential alternative in carefully selected patients to preserve renal function while maintaining oncological control. However, evidence regarding long-term oncological and functional outcomes of KSS in high-risk UTUC remains limited and heterogeneous, and optimal patient selection criteria are not well defined. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate the available evidence to clarify the role of KSS in this clinical setting. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review of observational studies comparing KSS (segmental ureterectomy or endoscopic/percutaneous management) with RNU in adults with high-risk UTUC, defined by ≥pT2 stage, high-grade histology, tumor size ≥2 cm, multifocality, hydronephrosis, or variant histology. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched. Survival outcomes, recurrence patterns, renal function, and complications were extracted. Due to study heterogeneity, results were synthesized narratively. Four retrospective comparative studies, including approximately 700 patients, were identified. Five-year cancer-specific and overall survival were comparable between KSS and RNU, ranging from approximately 70% to 86%. Ipsilateral upper-tract recurrence was higher following KSS, particularly after endoscopic management, while rates of distant metastasis and bladder recurrence were similar. Distal ureterectomy achieved oncologic outcomes comparable to RNU for distal ureter tumors, whereas renal pelvis or proximal ureter tumors had higher recurrence. KSS consistently preserved renal function better. Overall, KSS appears safe and effective for carefully selected patients with small, unifocal distal ureter tumors or imperative indications for nephron preservation. Caution is warranted for large, multifocal, or renal pelvic/proximal ureter tumors. Prospective studies and biomarker‑based risk stratification are needed to refine patient selection.Keywords: Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, Kidney-Sparing Surgery, Radical Nephroureterectomy, Survival, Renal Function.
Effectiveness of Tuina Massage and Mindful Eating on Improving Appetite in Toddlers with Feeding Difficulties Halimatus Saidah; Dhita Kris Prasetyanti; Putri Wahyu Wigati; Sutrisni Sutrisni
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27673

Abstract

Eating difficulties in toddlers are a common problem and can impact their growth and nutritional status. One effort that can be made to overcome this problem is through an approach to eating behavior and digestive stimulation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mindful eating and Tuina massage on toddlers' eating behavior. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest with control group design. The study sample consisted of 70 toddlers divided into two groups: 35 toddlers in the intervention group who were given mindful eating and Tuina massage and 35 toddlers in the control group who were given nutrition education. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test to see the difference before and after the intervention and the Mann–Whitney test to see the difference between the groups. The results showed that in the intervention group there was a decrease in eating difficulties from 100% to 11.43%, while in the control group it decreased from 100% to 34.29%. The results of the Mann–Whitney test showed a p value = 0.024 (p < 0.05), meaning there was a significant difference between the two groups. It can be concluded that mindful eating and Tuina massage interventions are more effective in improving toddlers' eating behaviors than nutrition education alone. This intervention can be an alternative non-pharmacological approach that parents can implement to address eating difficulties in toddlers.Keywords: Tuina Massage, Mindful Eating, Eating Behavior, Toddlers
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in Adolescent Girls: Delayed Diagnosis, Stigma, and Quality of Life in Senior High School in Makassar City Leli Leli; Syahridayanti Syahridayanti; Rahmiyani Saad; Tenri Puli
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.30647

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with a global prevalence of 5–15%. In Indonesia, especially in Makassar City, evidence on delayed diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents is limited, while the lack of school-based screening and low reproductive health literacy are suspected to hinder early detection. This study aimed to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis of PCOS, explore social stigma, and assess the quality of life of adolescent girls. A mixed-methods study with a sequential explanatory design involved 37 female students in the quantitative phase and 10 participants in the qualitative phase. Quantitative data were collected using SF-36, PCOS-Q, and social stigma scales, while in-depth interviews were conducted to explain quantitative findings. Integration of results used a joint display approach. A total of 27 of 37 respondents (73.0%) experienced a delay in PCOS diagnosis of more than 12 months. The mean social stigma score was 68.4 (scale 0–100), while the SF-36 quality of life score was 52.3 and lower than that of the healthy population (mean difference = −27.7; 95% CI: −34.5 to −20.9; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.31). Integration through joint display showed that normalization of symptoms by families, limited knowledge of school health workers, and internalization of stigma related to changes in physical appearance explained the high delay in diagnosis and low quality of life. The delay in PCOS diagnosis in adolescents in Makassar is still high and is influenced by individual, family, and school service system factors. These findings support the integration of PCOS symptom screening into UKS programs, training of UKS teachers and officers, and strengthening referral systems to improve early detection. Keywords: Adolescent PCOS, Delayed Diagnosis, Social Stigma, Quality of Life
The Relationship between Nutritional Status and the Latency Period of Wave V of the BERA in Toddlers with Speech Disorders and Normal Hearing Desri Luhonna; Dina Alia; Azwar Ridwan; Elvia Elvia; Novina Rahmawati; Rachmad Suhanda
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.30111

Abstract

The causes of speech disorders in children are multifactorial, one of which is nutritional status that affects the maturation of the auditory nervous system. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) examination is used for early detection of speech disorders in children, by assessing the speed of conduction of auditory nerve impulses, and is sensitive to neurological maturation disorders, changes in wave V latency indicate delays in the development of the central auditory pathway. Objective: To determine the relationship between nutritional status and wave V latency of BERA in toddlers with speech disorders and normal hearing. Methods: Retrospective study using medical record data sources on all children with speech disorders and normal hearing at the ENT-BKL Polyclinic of RSUDZA Banda Aceh for the period January 2024-October 2025. Results: There were 60 samples, 17 children with speech disorders and normal hearing experienced malnutrition, 3 children with undernutrition, 27 children with normal nutritional status 6 children with overweight, and 7 children with obesity. Poor nutritional status was dominated by boys, aged 24-35 months, a history of term birth and screen time of 2 hours per day. The latency period of wave V was prolonged in the right ear (7.58 ms ± 0.48 ms) and the left ear (7.43 ms ± 0.4 ms). There was a relationship between nutritional status and the latency period of wave V BERA in AD (p=0.000, r=-0.505) and AS (p=0.001, r=-0.409). Conclusion: Poor nutritional status was associated with prolonged BERA wave V latency among toddlers with speech disorders and normal hearing, suggesting delayed maturation od the auditory pathway. Keywords:  BERA, Latency Period, Nutritional Status, Speech Delay, Wave V
The Role of Cytoflavin as Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Stroke in Evolution: A Case Report at Dr. Chasbullah Abdul Majid Regional Hospital, Bekasi City Tranggono Yudo Utomo; Daniel Jhosias Samosir; Agus Yudawijaya
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28706

Abstract

Ischemic stroke results from reduced cerebral blood flow due to vascular occlusion, while Acute Stroke in Evolution (ASE) is characterized by progressive neurological deterioration during the acute phase. Cytoflavin has been proposed as an adjuvant neuroprotective therapy because of its potential to support cellular metabolism and tolerance to hypoxia; however, clinical evidence regarding its role in ASE remains limited, particularly in patients with multiple vascular risk factors. To document serial changes in neurological deficit, assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the safety of Cytoflavin as an adjuvant therapy in a single case of ASE with multiple risk factors. This was a prospective single-case report of a 38-year-old man with lacunar ischemic stroke managed at Dr. Chasbullah Abdul Majid Regional Hospital, Bekasi City. Clinical progression was evaluated through serial neurological examinations, NIHSS assessments, and head computed tomography (CT). The patient presented with sudden right-sided weakness, dysarthria, and facial deviation. His vascular risk factors included uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking. The initial NIHSS score was 5, and head CT demonstrated a left basal ganglia lacunar infarction. On day four, neurological deficits worsened, with right-sided motor strength decreasing to 2/5 and the NIHSS score increasing to 12, consistent with ASE. Intravenous Cytoflavin 500 mg in 100 mL 0.9% NaCl three times daily was administered for 10 days. Neurological improvement began on day six. By day ten, motor strength improved to 5−, the patient was able to ambulate with mild hemiparesis, and the NIHSS score decreased to 4. The neurological improvement was temporally associated with the administration of Cytoflavin and comprehensive supportive management. No significant safety concerns were observed during treatment. In this single uncontrolled case of ASE, administration of Cytoflavin as an adjuvant therapy was temporally associated with improvement in neurological deficits, reflected by a reduction in NIHSS from 12 to 4 over 10 days. However, no causal inference can be drawn from a single uncontrolled case. These findings highlight the need for randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy and safety of Cytoflavin as an adjuvant neuroprotective therapy in patients with ASE. Keywords: Cytoflavin, Stroke Iskemik, NIHSS, Infark Lacunar
The Impact of the Roots Program on Changes in Bullying Behavior and School Climate: A Qualitative Study among Adolescents in Jambi City Marta Butar Butar; Willia Novita Eka Rini; Meinarisa Meinarisa; Marlita Andhika Rahman; La Ode Reskiaddin
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29582

Abstract

Bullying is a significant public health issue with wide-ranging effects on adolescents' psychological well-being. The Roots Program is one school-based intervention that engages students as change agents in bullying prevention efforts. This study aims to explore the impact of the Roots Program on changes in bullying behavior and school climate among adolescents in Jambi City. This study employed a qualitative case study design and was conducted in  two junior high schools (SMP) in Jambi City. A total of 20 participants were involved, consisting of student change agents (10 students), class representatives (6 students), Guidance and Counseling teachers (2 informants), and vice principals (2 informants), who were selected using a criterion sampling approach. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews, and analyzed using a thematic analysis with the assistance  of NVivo software. The findings revealed that the forms of bullying included verbal bullying, cyberbullying, and SARA-based bullying (bullying related toethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup differences), which generally occured in poorly supervised areas such as restrooms and behind classrooms. The implementation of the Roots Program led to several positive changes,  including enhanced knowledge and  anti-bullying skills, improvements  in behavior and social attitudes toward prosocial conduct, strengthened interpersonal relationships and social support, increased feelings of safety and psychological well-being, and a more positive and  conducive school climate. Nevertheless, the implementation of the program continued to face several challenges, including time constraints, difificulties in integrating activities into existing school programs, and psychological burdens experienced by students serving as change agents. The Roots Program contributed to a reported reductionin verbal bullying and the development of a more supportive school environment. However, sustained support and systemic integration remain essential to achieve long-term impact. Program sustainability requires ongoing commitment through integration into into the curriculum and school policies, reinforcement of peer support mechanisms, and comprehensive changes in school social norms. Keywords:  Adolescent, Bullying, Change Agents, Program Roots, School-Based Intervention
Overview of Risk Factors for Pregnant Women from the Incidence of Stunted Children in the Working Area of East Bogor Health Center for the Period November 2024 to April 2025 Keswari Aji Patriawati; Vidi Posdo A. Simarmata; Batara Imanuel Sirait; Christine Handayani Tampubolon
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29667

Abstract

Stunting, a condition in which children fail to grow due to chronic malnutrition, remains a serious public health problem in Indonesia, although its prevalence has decreased from 21.6% in 2022 to 19.8% in 2024, according to the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI). This study aims to analyze risk factors in pregnant women that contribute to the incidence of stunting in the work area of the East Bogor Health Center in the period November 2024 to April 2025. This study used a descriptive quantitative method, with a population of 52 mothers who had stunted children aged 0-59 months at the East Bogor Health Center. Data collection was conducted via an electronic questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using univariate methods. The results showed that the majority of respondent mothers were aged 20-35 years (78.8%), had a junior high school education (46.2%), and worked as housewives (76.9%). The most stunted children are 25-36 months (28.8%), with the female gender slightly more (50%). Regarding risk factors among pregnant women, 55.8% did not have anemia, and 53.8% routinely took blood-boosting tablets. As many as 82.7% of mothers do not experience Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). The most common maternal age during pregnancy is 20-35 years (67.3%). Most of the respondents (76.9%) had no history of pregnancy complications, attended regular ANC visits (71.2%), did not experience weight loss during pregnancy (76.9%), and received adequate nutrition (76.9%). Family support was received by 92.3% of respondents, but 53.8% did not receive counseling and information related to pregnancy. This study underscores the importance of interventions from the get-go to prevent stunting, with a focus on nutrition and health education for pregnant women, as well as on improving access to and quality of antenatal services. Keywords: Chronic Energy Deficiency, East Bogor, Overview, Risk Factors, Stunting
Implementation of Booklet Media on Tooth Brushing Knowledge as an Effort to Prevent Dental Caries in Students of Luqman Integrated Senior High School Private Islamic Elementary School, Padang City Yulia Rahmad; Sandryna Nazwa Aurel
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28833

Abstract

Dental caries is one of the oral health problems that is still often found in elementary school-aged children. Lack of knowledge about how to brush teeth properly is one of the factors that increase the risk of caries. Book media is one of the printed educational media that can be used to improve students' knowledge about dental and oral health. To analyze the implementation of book media on knowledge of brushing teeth as an effort to prevent dental caries in students of Luqman Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Padang City. This study used a one-group pre-experimental pretest-posttest design on 60 students in grades IV and V. The intervention was in the form of dental health education using book media accompanied by explanations and tooth brushing practices. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test because the data were not normally distributed. Before the intervention, most students had a sufficient level of knowledge (58.3%), while after the intervention all students (100%) had good knowledge. There was an increase in the proportion of students with good knowledge from 23.3% to 100% or an increase of 76.7 percentage points, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). In addition to increasing knowledge, the booklet intervention also empowered students as agents of health change, enabling them to adopt proper toothbrushing habits while disseminating dental health information to peers and family members. The booklet implementation significantly improved knowledge about toothbrushing as a caries prevention measure among students at Luqman Integrated Islamic Elementary School in Padang City. As a simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use, and easily replicated print medium, the booklet contributes to the development of a sustainable school-based dental health education strategy. This intervention model has the potential to be adopted by Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) through School Health Unit (UKS) activities as an evidence-based caries prevention intervention. Keywords:  Implementation, Media booklet, Knowledge, Prevention, Caries Dentistry, School Health Education, Student Empowerment, Printed Educational Media
Changes in Awareness, Capacity, and Empowerment among Family Planning Cadres Following Community Empowerment Training in Padang City: A Three-Month Repeated-Measures Study Dewi Susanti; Rahmi Andrita Yuda; Erwani Erwani
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29686

Abstract

Unmet need for contraception, defined as women who wish to postpone or avoid pregnancy but are not using any contraceptive method, remains a major public health challenge. In Indonesia, the prevalence of unmet need has remained at approximately 10–12% over the past two decades, while Padang City recorded 28.9% in the 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey, highlighting the need for effective community-based interventions. This study examined changes in family planning cadres’ awareness, capacity, and empowerment following Community Empowerment Module–based training in Padang City. A one-group repeated-measures quasi-experimental study included 120 family planning cadres in Padang City, West Sumatra. All participants completed assessments at baseline (T0), immediately after the 21-day training program (T1), and at the three-month follow-up (T2). Awareness, capacity, and empowerment were assessed using structured questionnaires and knowledge assessments. Changes over time were analyzed using a repeated-measures General Linear Model with a significance level of p < 0.05. All three outcomes increased progressively across the three measurement points. From baseline to three months, awareness increased by 3.875 points (95% CI: 3.648–4.102), capacity by 8.875 points (95% CI: 8.587–9.163), and empowerment by 18.692 points (95% CI: 18.243–19.140), with all adjusted p-values < 0.001. The overall effects across the three measurement points were large for awareness (partial η² = 0.936), capacity (partial η² = 0.979), and empowerment (partial η² = 0.993). Community Empowerment Module–based training was associated with improvements in family planning cadres’ awareness, capacity, and empowerment, with improvements persisting at the three-month assessment. These findings suggest enhanced cadre competencies that may support community-based efforts to address unmet need for contraception; however, whether the intervention reduces the prevalence of unmet need for contraception remains to be demonstrated.Keywords: Contraception, Unmet Need, Community Empowerment, Community Health Workers, Indonesia
Pop-Up Book About Motivation to Brush Their Teeth for Students of SDN 01 Bandar Buat of Padang City Yulia Rahmad; Witri Surya Jannah
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28835

Abstract

Caries is a common dental health problem among elementary school children. At the Lubuk Kilangan Community Health Center, 1,625 cases were found out of 5,260 children examined, one of the causes being low motivation to brush their teeth. Interactive pop-up books, as a three-dimensional visual medium, can be an alternative to increase children's interest and motivation in maintaining dental health. To determine the effectiveness of interactive pop-up books on tooth brushing motivation among students of SDN 01 Bandar Buat, Padang City. The research design used a one-group pretest–posttest design. The study sample consisted of 91 students selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaires before and after the intervention. Univariate data analysis was presented in the form of frequency distributions and percentages, and bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon test using IBM SPSS Version 23 software. The study showed an increase in students' toothbrushing motivation after being given an interactive pop-up book intervention. The Wilcoxon test results showed a significant difference between the level of toothbrushing motivation before and after the intervention (p <0.05). Conclusion: The use of pop-up book media is effective in increasing toothbrushing motivation in second-grade students of SDN 01 Bandar Buat, Padang City.Keywords: Effectiveness, Pop-Up Book, Interactive, Motivation, Brushing Teeth.

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