cover
Contact Name
Contagion
Contact Email
contagion@uinsu.ac.id
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
zataismah@uinsu.ac.id
Editorial Address
-
Location
Kota medan,
Sumatera utara
INDONESIA
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26850389     DOI : 10.30829/contagion
Core Subject : Health,
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the discussion is about Public Health, Health and Islam, and Coastal Health. This Journal is published twice, published on June and December.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 627 Documents
Analysis of Digital Media Convergence and Social Modeling on Smoking Behavior Among Urban Secondary School Students in Four Indonesian Cities Abdi Mubarak Syam; San Putra; Hadi Gunawan; Putra Apriadi Siregar; Faiza Adinda; Apriliani Apriliani; Muhammad Rezebri
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.30791

Abstract

The prevalence of youth smoking in Indonesia continues to escalate, driven not only by conventional tobacco products but also by the ubiquitous penetration of electronic cigarettes (vapes) via digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the associations between exposure to social media advertisements, proximal social modeling (teachers and parents), and religious perceptions regarding smoking behaviors among secondary school students across four distinct urban areas (Medan, Banda Aceh, Padang, and Bogor). Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional design, this study involved a representative sample of 2,845 students. Data were examined through Chi-Square () cross-tabulation analysis to map specific risk profiles for each municipality. The findings reveal pronounced geographical disparities in smoking determinants. In Medan and Bogor, social media exposure to vape advertising and smoking behaviors of teachers/religious instructors (ustadz) were consistently and significantly associated with student smoking initiation (). Conversely, in Banda Aceh and Padang, students' subjective interpretation of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) on tobacco served as a varied yet statistically significant determinant of smoking decisions. This study concludes that the implementation of Smoke-Free Zone (Kawasan Tanpa Rokok) policies within educational institutions remains sub-optimal without stringent regulations restricting digital tobacco marketing alongside robust role-modeling from school authorities. These findings urge municipal governments to integrate a total ban on digital tobacco advertisements into the enforcement of local smoke-free ordinances.
Percutaneous Drainage of Renal Subcapsular Fluid Collections: A Two-Case Series Adryan Kalya Ndraha Khairindra; Sakti Ronggowardhana Brodjonegoro; Raden Danarto; Yanuar Wicaksana Sumasta
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29565

Abstract

Renal subcapsular fluid collections may compress the renal parenchyma, impair cortical perfusion, and contribute to secondary hypertension. Evidence guiding management remains limited, particularly where advanced laparoscopic approaches are unavailable. Case 1 was a 26-year-old man with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, blood pressure of 145/92 mmHg, creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 75 mL/min/1.73 m²), albumin of 2.2 g/dL, and bilateral subcapsular collections measuring 8 cm on the right and 5 cm on the left. Case 2 was a 63-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease secondary to cervical-cancer-related bilateral ureteric obstruction, blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg, blood urea nitrogen of 85 mg/dL, creatinine of 6.8 mg/dL, bilateral non-functioning kidneys, grade II hydronephrosis, and bilateral 6-cm collections. Both patients underwent ultrasound-guided bilateral percutaneous drainage using an 8-Fr pigtail catheter and Seldinger technique under local anesthesia with 160 mg of 2% lidocaine per side. Case 1 yielded 5,000 mL of whitish fluid from the right and 2,500 mL of clear fluid from the left. Case 2 yielded 2,000 mL from each side, with cultures reportedly growing Escherichia coli susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Oral antimicrobial therapy was administered, and prednisone was restarted in Case 1. One-month ultrasonography showed complete resolution without documented re-accumulation. Post-drainage blood pressure was 125/85 mmHg in Case 1 and 142/92 mmHg in Case 2. Serial blood pressure and laboratory assessments were unavailable; fluid biochemical, cytological, and microbiological analyses were not performed. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage may be a feasible, minimally invasive, resource-sparing option for selected renal subcapsular fluid collections. Microbiological evaluation is important when infection is suspected. Further studies should incorporate standardized fluid analysis and objective pre- and post-drainage clinical assessment. Keywords: Subcapsular renal fluid collection, Percutaneous drainage, Ultrasound-guided drainage, Renal compression, Interventional radiology
The Relationship Between Vital Lung Capacity and Physical Fitness Frisca Ronauli Batubara; Dies Marentek; Achnes Pangaribuan; Patar Hutagalung
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28691

Abstract

Physical fitness is an important determinant of health and functional capacity among medical students, who are exposed to substantial academic demands and often experience sedentary lifestyles. Although pulmonary function is physiologically relevant to cardiorespiratory performance, evidence regarding the association between vital lung capacity and physical fitness among medical students remains limited and inconsistent, particularly in the Indonesian medical education setting. Re-examining this relationship is important because identifying potentially modifiable pulmonary and fitness-related factors may provide an evidence base for targeted preventive programs within medical education institutions. This study aimed to determine the association between vital lung capacity and physical fitness among medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Class of 2023. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 57 FK UKI medical students who met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Vital lung capacity was measured using a spirometer and categorized according to the applicable reference criteria. Physical fitness was assessed using the Harvard Step Test and classified into fitness categories based on the resulting Physical Fitness Index. The association between vital lung capacity and physical fitness was analyzed using the Chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The magnitude of the association was assessed using an odds ratio (OR). Most respondents had low lung vital capacity and moderate physical fitness levels. The results of the bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between lung vital capacity and physical fitness level (p < 0.000), OR, 0.133; and 95% CI 0.054-0.332. Vital lung capacity was significantly associated with physical fitness among FK UKI medical students. Medical education institutions should incorporate structured cardiorespiratory fitness screening and regular aerobic exercise programs into student health initiatives, particularly for students identified with reduced pulmonary function or low fitness levels. Periodic monitoring of pulmonary function and physical fitness may provide an actionable preventive strategy to support student health and functional capacity throughout medical education. Keywords: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Function Tests, Health Promotion, Spirometry, Pulmonary.
Knowledge of Lactation Management, Workplace Support, and Breastfeeding Behavior among Working Mothers in East Aceh, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Dwi Ris Hasanah; Lili Nurmaliza; Rhina Chairani Lubis; Wilda Yunita
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29873

Abstract

Returning to work is a critical point at which many mothers stop exclusive breastfeeding. In Indonesia, exclusive breastfeeding is lower among working mothers than non-working mothers, yet evidence from rural primary health care settings in Aceh is scarce. This study examined whether knowledge of lactation management and workplace support were associated with breastfeeding behavior among working mothers. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Ranto Peureulak Community Health Center, East Aceh Regency, from November 2023 to May 2024. Forty-five working mothers of children aged 7–24 months were selected by simple random sampling from 81 eligible mothers. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, with crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Only 20 mothers (44.4%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Knowledge was good in 33.3%, sufficient in 37.8%, and poor in 28.9% of mothers, and 93.3% reported a supportive workplace. Exclusive breastfeeding was slightly more frequent among mothers with good or sufficient knowledge than among those with poor knowledge (46.9% vs. 38.5%; OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 0.38–5.26), but the association was not significant (χ² = 0.27; df = 2; p = 0.876). Workplace support was also not associated with breastfeeding behavior (42.9% vs. 66.7%; OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.03–4.46; Fisher’s exact p = 0.577). Low exclusive breastfeeding despite widely reported workplace support suggests that general knowledge and nominal permission are insufficient without practical lactation skills, functional facilities, and adequate leave. The small sample limited statistical power. Neither knowledge of lactation management nor perceived workplace support was significantly associated with breastfeeding behavior, and exclusive breastfeeding remained suboptimal. Skills-based lactation counseling and functional workplace lactation support should be strengthened and tested in larger multi-site studies. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Lactation, Knowledge, Women, Working, Workplace.
Independent Predictors of Tuberculosis Coinfection among People Living with HIV in Medan, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study Silvi Anggraeni M; Rahayu Lubis; Sri Novita Lubis
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.30295

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity among people living with HIV (PLHIV), particularly in high-burden countries such as Indonesia. This study aimed to identify factors independently associated with TB-HIV coinfection among PLHIV in Medan, Indonesia. An unmatched case-control study with a 1:3 case-to-control ratio was conducted in seven HIV Care, Support, and Treatment facilities in Medan. TB-HIV cases were ascertained from SIHA 2.1 records for January–August 2025, and participant data were collected from September 2025 to January 2026. A total of 144 participants were included, comprising 36 cases and 108 controls. Cases were identified from eligible records, while controls were selected sequentially until three controls were obtained per case. TB-HIV coinfection was confirmed by medical records documenting a positive molecular test (GeneXpert/TCM) and/or chest radiography. Underweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m².  Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Underweight was strongly associated with TB-HIV coinfection (COR=68.200; 95% CI: 21.268–218.702) and remained independently associated after adjustment (AOR=48.776; 95% CI: 10.394–228.895; p<0.001). Participants who had never received tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) had higher odds of coinfection (COR=14.826; 95% CI: 4.282–51.332; AOR=18.895; 95% CI: 3.161–112.965; p=0.001). Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was also associated with coinfection (COR=34.000; 95% CI: 7.731–149.530; AOR=15.820; 95% CI: 2.537–98.637; p=0.003). Large effect estimates and wide confidence intervals warrant cautious interpretation given the small number of cases and sparse data. Underweight, absence of TPT, and non-adherence to ART were independently associated with TB-HIV coinfection. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and clarify temporality before causal or prospective predictive conclusions are drawn.  Keywords: Tuberculosis Coinfection, HIV, Nutritional Status, Antiretroviral Adherence, Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy
The Relationship Between Leukocytosis and Lymphopenia and the Clinical Outcome of Pneumonia in Toddlers Aged 12-59 Months Christine Handayani Tampubolon; Erida Manalu; Audrey Aurora Louisa Tambunan; Wiradi Suryanegara
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29666

Abstract

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma that commonly affects children under five years of age and remains a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. The inflammatory response to pneumonia is accompanied by alterations in hematological parameters, including leukocytosis and lymphopenia, which may reflect disease severity. This study aimed to evaluate the association between leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and clinical outcomes in toddlers hospitalized with pneumonia at Budhi Asih Regional Hospital. This observational analytical study employed a cross-sectional design using medical records of 117 toddlers diagnosed with pneumonia. Leukocytosis was defined as a leukocyte count of >15,500 cells/µL, while lymphopenia was defined as a lymphocyte count of <2,000 cells/µL. Clinical outcomes were categorized as improvement or deterioration. Associations between hematological parameters and clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Chi-square test, and effect sizes were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Leukocytosis was significantly associated with clinical deterioration (OR = 24.27, 95% CI: 6.97–84.52; p < 0.001). Likewise, lymphopenia was significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.13–8.26; p = 0.024). A significant association was also observed between leukocyte and lymphocyte abnormalities (p = 0.004). Children with leukocytosis and lymphopenia were more likely to experience clinical deterioration than those without these hematological abnormalities. These findings suggest that leukocytosis and lymphopenia are significantly associated with clinical outcomes in toddlers with pneumonia and may serve as useful adjunctive laboratory markers in clinical assessment. However, because of the cross-sectional design, causal or prognostic inferences cannot be established. Prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to validate their predictive value for disease progression and clinical outcomes. Keywords: Clinical outcomes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, toddler pneumonia 
Analysis of Personal Listening Devices (PLDs) Use During Exercise and Hearing Screening in Runners Asti Kristianti; Aprilia Grace Sweetasari; Khansarani Sintauly; Yanti Nurrokhmawati; Evy Shavilla
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28807

Abstract

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is increasingly reported among adolescents and young adults, particularly due to recreational noise exposure from Personal Listening Devices (PLDs). NIHL may result in permanent threshold shift (PTS), which can adversely affect quality of life. The use of PLDs during exercise may increase the risk of excessive noise exposure. This study aimed to determine the association between PLD use during exercise and hearing screening results using the ScreenOut application among runners. This study employed a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, otoscopic examination, and hearing screening with the ScreenOut application in a quiet environment. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between PLD use and hearing screening results. A total of 94 runners were examined, and 64 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that 65.6% of runners had normal hearing, while 34.4% had hearing impairment. Based on duration of use, 68.8% of runners used PLDs for ≤60 minutes and 31.3% for >60 minutes (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 0.848–7.968; p = 0.095). Regarding listening volume, 59.4% of runners used PLDs at ≤60% of the maximum volume and 40.6% at >60% (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.382–3.380; p = 0.819). No statistically significant association was found between PLD use and hearing impairment. However, longer duration and higher listening volume showed a trend toward increased odds of hearing impairment, suggesting that further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted. Keywords: Hearing Loss, Noise Induced, Personal Audio Devices, Running, Mass Screening
Examining The Urgency of The Hajj Health Istithaah Policy within Legal and Bioethical Perspectives Rinna Dwi Lestari; Istiqomah Istiqomah; Arief Tajally Adhiatma
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.30421

Abstract

The long waiting period for Hajj in Indonesia may create a gap between prospective pilgrims’ health status at registration and their health status at departure. This is particularly concerning among older pilgrims, whose medical, functional, cognitive, and mental health conditions may change during the waiting period. This study analyzes the implementation of the Hajj Health Istithaah Policy in Indonesia from health law and bioethical perspectives. This qualitative library research analyzed peer-reviewed journal articles, official government documents, Hajj pilgrim data, and relevant laws and regulations. Data were examined using qualitative content analysis and synthesized across sources. The findings show that Hajj health istithaah is determined through a multidimensional assessment covering medical conditions, cardiorespiratory capacity, cognitive and mental functioning, and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The policy is important for protecting pilgrims from health risks during Hajj, but its implementation creates a potential conflict between health protection and the religious aspiration to perform Hajj when prospective pilgrims are deemed medically unfit to depart. The findings also indicate that limited and insufficiently early health guidance may reduce pilgrims’ preparedness to maintain their health during the waiting period. The Hajj Health Istithaah Policy provides an important health-protection mechanism but requires continuous health preparation, timely reassessment, informed communication, and equitable access to health services to balance pilgrims’ health, religious rights, and ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. Keywords:   Ethical Dilemma, Government Regulations, Hajj Pilgrims, Health Law, Health Requirements
Evaluation of Educational and Occupational Determinants on Societal Compliance with Health Protocols During the Pandemic Period in Indonesia Sheyla Najwatul Maula; Nadroh Br. Sitepu; Juwi Athia Rahmini; Ketut Lisnawati; Irwan Hadi; Agus Rochmat; Shirly Gunawan; Anis Laela Megasari
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29534

Abstract

While non-pharmaceutical interventions are critical for pandemic mitigation, empirical evidence regarding the structural and socioeconomic determinants of public compliance during epidemic transitions remains fragmented in developing economies. Existing literature primarily focuses on broad epidemiological trends without identifying how specific demographic strata navigate behavioral adherence during the pandemic transition phase. To bridge this literature gap, this study investigates the demographic and occupational determinants of health protocol compliance in Indonesia, establishing an analytical framework to differentiate between self-directed preventive behaviors and institutionally enforced adherence. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a digital convenience sampling strategy across Indonesian provinces. Data were collected from 506 validated respondents via a structured 35-item instrument evaluating behavioral adherence, implementation process, and environmental readiness. Bivariate inferential analyses were conducted using Pearson’s Chi-Square tests at a significance threshold of p < 0.05 to examine relationships across demographic and occupational strata. Educational attainment significantly predicted active, self-directed preventive behaviors, specifically handwashing frequency (p = 0.001) and physical distancing (p < 0.001). Conversely, occupational status strongly governed compliance with workplace-regulated measures, including temperature screenings (p = 0.001), mask utilization (p < 0.001), and hand hygiene (p < 0.001), with formal sector personnel exhibiting significantly higher adherence than self-employed entrepreneurs. However, universal administrative mandates showed no significant variation by education level (p > 0.05), and physical distancing remained uniform across occupations (p = 0.195).  These findings demonstrate that public compliance is bifurcated into institutionally enforced adherence and cognition-driven adherence. Effective epidemic containment requires dual-track intervention strategies, maintaining administrative enforcement in formal workplaces while deploying targeted educational outreach for informal and independent workforces.Keywords:  COVID-19, Public Health Compliance, Health Behavior, Occupational Health, Health Literacy.
Emerging Role of Padeliporfin Vascular-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy In Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Ahmad Zulfan Hendri; Aldy Ridho Pangestu
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.29276

Abstract

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an uncommon malignancy, accounting for only 5–10% of urothelial tumors, and often presents with invasive disease. Consequently,  radical nephroureterectomy remains the standard treatment despite its substantial impact on renal function. Padeliporfin vascular‑targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a novel kidney‑sparing modality in which intravenously administered padeliporfin is activated by endoluminal near‑infrared laser, selectively occlude tumor microvasculature and inducing coagulative necrosis while preserving surrounding tissues. This review synthesizes  evidence from a Phase I study and the Phase III ENLIGHTED trial involving adults with low‑grade, non–muscle‑invasive UTUC suitable for kidney-sparing management, focusing on  complete response (CR), durability of response, renal preservation, and safety outcomes. A search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science identified seven reports arising from these two single‑arm study programs. In the Phase I trial, which predominantly included patients with  residual or recurrent UTUC following unsuccessful endoscopic treatment, the 30‑day CR rate was 50%,, increasing to 68% after retreatment of partial responders, with an overall response rate of 94%  and preservation of both  renal function and kidneys at 6 months. In the ENLIGHTED trial, which enrolled patients with one or two small, biopsy‑confirmed low‑grade lesions, padeliporfin VTP achieved a CR rate of 73%  at first assessment, overall response rates exceeding 86%, and local recurrence rates ranging from 3.2 to 10.8%. Among complete responders, 88% maintained CR for at least 12 months, and the median duration of response was not reached after more than 23.9 months of follow-up. Adverse events were predominantly transient  Grade 1–2 urinary or flank symptoms; Grade 3 events were infrequent and short-lived, and no phototoxicity or ureteral strictures were reported. Padeliporfin VTP appears to be a promising kidney‑sparing treatment for selected patients with low‑grade UTUC, although  confirmation in randomized controlled trials is needed.  Keywords: Padeliporfin, Photodynamic Therapy, Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma, Kidney-Sparing Surgery, Endoscopic Ablation