International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
The International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (IJNPC) is an open access journal that publishes research findings from disciplines related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This journal was published by the Center of Excellence Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Universitas Sumatera Utara, collaborated with TALENTA Publisher Universitas Sumatera Utara. The publication of papers is quarter yearly, published in March, June, September, and December within 10 articles per issue. The journal is purposed to provide international sources of information to doctors and other health professionals who are interested in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This journal is expected to improve communication between researchers so that it has an impact on the development of knowledge regarding nasopharyngeal carcinoma and stimulates further research related to head and neck surgical oncology, diagnosis, and clinical management.
Articles
94 Documents
<![CDATA[EARLY-STAGE NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA: A CASE REPORT ]]>
<![CDATA[Izry Naomi Tobing]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1133
<![CDATA[Introduction: NPC is a highly prevalent malignant disease in endemic regions such as Southeast Asia. Until now, most NPC patients have bben diagnosed in advanced stages. Early-stage NPC is difficult to diagnose clinically. The study present a case of early-stage NPC with the symptoms of progressive ringing in the ear. Case report: A 56 years old male presented with two months history of progressive unilateral ringing in the ear. The patient had been previously diagnosed and treated for Eustachian tube dysfunction. Endoscopic examination of nasopharynx showed a mass in the left fossae of Rosenmüller. CT scan depicted soft tissue thickening on the left side of the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal histopathology revealed a non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. The patient underwent radiotherapy and up to date, no complaints have been encountered. Conclusion: Early detection of NPC will improve patient’s prognosis.]]>
<![CDATA[MANAGEMENT OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER IN DR. ZAINOEL ABIDIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANDA ACEH ]]>
<![CDATA[Fadhlia]]>;
<![CDATA[Ferawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Irnawatii]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1134
<![CDATA[Introduction: Most of the patients who are at an advanced or final stage of an illness usually comes from middle to low economic level. Right now, nasopharyngeal carcinoma management in Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh only has chemotherapy to treat patients. Actually patients need to also undergo radiotherapy treatment which unavailable in our hospital yet, so we will refer it to another hospital located in North Sumatera or Jakarta. Therefore, the Acehnese government is preparing to build an oncology center which includes radiotherapy, so that we can treat our patients here. Objective: The purpose of this research is to report management of NPC in Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh from January 2016 to October 2018. Method: Data was taken from medical records of patients diagnosed with NPC from January 2016 to October 2018. 73 patients was diagnosed with NPC and underwent chemotherapy. Result: There were 73 patients NPC, 44 (60.3%) patients are male (60.3%) and 29 patients are female (39.7%). The youngest patient is 13 years old and the oldest is 79 years old. Most common average age are between36-65 years old. The highest number is from Banda Aceh 10 patients. WHO histopathology classification reported that 26 (35.6%) patients with type I and type III as well, and 21 (28.8%) patients with type II. While 30 (41,1%) patients underwent chemotherapy for 6 cycles, 43 (58.9%) patients dropped out due to lack of living cost, long distance from hospital, or worsen of general condition. Conclusion: It was reported 73 patients NPC, 44 (60.3%) male and 29 (39.7%) female. The youngest 13 years old and the oldest 79 years old. Most common average age between 36-65 years old. The highest number was from Banda Aceh 10 patients, WHO histopathology classification reported 26 (35.6%) patients with type I and type III as well, and 21 (28.8%) patients with type II. While 30 (41.1%) patients underwent chemotherapy 6 cycles, 43 (58.9%) patients dropped out due to lack of the cost of. This study reported 4 (13.3%) patients who survived after underwent chemotherapy full dose with average range of 19-26 months.]]>
<![CDATA[CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PLASMA MIR-21, MIR-141, MIR-29C, AND MIR-BART7 IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER AND THEIR ALTERATIONS AFTER CHEMORADIATION THERAPY ]]>
<![CDATA[Cita Herawati]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1136
<![CDATA[Introduction: Plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) are biological markers that have been extensively studied in cancer, including nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). The clinical significance of miRNA in NPC patients in Indonesia has never been studied. Objective: This study was aimed to know the expression of plasma miRNAs in NPC patients (miR-21, miR-29c, miR-141dan miR-BART7) and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and treatment response. Method: This was a cohort, longitudinal study among locally advanced NPC patients (stage IIB-IVB) in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta. miRNA expression was assayed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. Four miRNAs were evaluated, i.e., miR-21, miR-29c, miR-141, and EBV-miR-BART7. The results were normalized against a reference gene, miR-16. Result: A total of 52 patients and 10 normal subjects were enrolled in this study; 17 of them completed treatment. Patients’ mean age was 45.1+12.53 (14-68) years. The ratio between men and women was 3:1. MiR-21 and miR-29c could be detected in all subjects; miR-141 was detected in 22 (42.3%) and EBV-miR-BART7 in 26 (50%) subjects. There was no significant difference between miR-21 or miR-29c expression between before and after therapy. However, miR-21 expressions tend to decrease in a patient with complete response (CR) (4.13+3.65 vs. 2.74+3.23; p=0.650) and tend to increase in patients with partial response (PR) (3.00+5.86 vs. 8.77+8.43; p=0.465). There was no difference of miR-29c expression between CR and PR patients. Conclusion: Our study shows that not all miRNA can be detected in the plasma of NPC patients. Levels of miRNA expressions in these locally advanced patients are similar. Expression of miR-21 is potentially used as a biomarker of evaluating treatment response in NPC patients.]]>
<![CDATA[THE COMPARISON OF ELEVATED LEVELS OF EBV IMMUNOGLOBULIN A EARLY ANTIGEN BETWEEN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA WHO TYPE 3 WITH MALIGNANT NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA ]]>
<![CDATA[Ariel Anugrahani]]>;
<![CDATA[Bogi Soeseno]]>;
<![CDATA[Yussy Afriani Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Akbar Aroean]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1137
<![CDATA[Introduction: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) replicate in the epithelial cells and becomes latent in lymphocytes B. This virus is also associated with NPC, NHL, infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma. The expression product of EBV acute infections can interact with genes in the epithelial cells to start the molecular level that leads to malignancy so that an increase in levels of IgA antibodies EA can indicate high levels of EBV infection. Objective: Comparing the level of IgA EA antibody for EBV between NPC WHO type III and NHL. Method: Observational comparative analytic method with cross-sectional study design. The subject of this study are 16 NPC patients and 16 NHL patients, consists of 9 males and 7 females. Numeric data of IgA EA calculated by Mann Whitney and the categoric data is calculated by Kolmogorov Smirnov. The examination of IgA EA level in EBV using ELISA method, with p-value <0.05. Result: This study reveals that there were increasing IgA EA levels in NPC patients (3.71±2.36) compared to NHL (0.27±0.20). There is a difference value of IgA EA in study groups both numerical and categorical. Conclusion: The level of IgA EA EBV antibody in NPC is higher than NHL.]]>
<![CDATA[EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN NON-KERATINIZED NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA SUBTYPE AT PADANG ]]>
<![CDATA[Histawara Subroto]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukri Rahman]]>;
<![CDATA[Bestari J Budiman]]>;
<![CDATA[Aswiyanti Asri]]>;
<![CDATA[Hafni Bachtiar]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1140
<![CDATA[Introduction: Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have a poor prognosis, there are several factors that cause it to happen, one of the existing therapeutic response has been inadequate. Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has been used as a biological marker targeted therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Histopathologic subtype tumors also determine the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Objective: The aim of the study to determine between the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor between non-keratinized differentiated and undifferentiated subtypes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlation with their clinical stage. Study design, Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and duration study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Pathology Anatomy in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang and Department of Pathology Anatomy in Gajah Mada University, between May 2015 until October 2015 Material and methods: We included 36 samples paraffin blocks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy, respectively 18 paraffin blocks are non-keratinized differentiated and 18 non-keratinized undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma subtypes. Each sample examined EGFR expression by immunohistochemical staining methods. Results: There were positive EGFR expression results in all sample as 69.4%. Expression of EGFR positive non-keratinized differentiated subtypes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma as 77.8% and undifferentiated subtype as 61.6%. There are no significant differences of EGFR expression between non keratinized differentiated and undifferentiated subtypes nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P>0.05). There are no significant differences of EGFR expression between new and advanced stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P>0.05). Conclusion: There were no significant differences of EGFR expression between non-keratinized differentiated and non-keratinized undifferentiated subtypes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Analysis of the study also showed no significant differences of EGFR expression based on the clinical stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma.]]>
<![CDATA[OVEREXPRESSION VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA WITH UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA TYPE IN ADVANCED STAGE ]]>
<![CDATA[Kadek Kris Aryana]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1142
<![CDATA[Introduction: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy that tends to diagnosed at an advanced stage with low survival and prognosis rate. One of the factors that may play a role in progressivity and metastasis of tumor is overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a key role in tumor angiogenesis. Objective: This study aims to learn the expression of VEGF in NPC with Undifferentiated Carcinoma type and to learn the association pf VEGF Expression with tumor stage of NPC Method: This is a cross-sectional study performed in ENT-HNS Department of ENT-HNS of Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital. The sample was collected by consecutive nonprobability sampling, starting from January 2016. NPC patients underwent Histopathologic examination from a nasopharyngeal biopsy. The result is Undifferentiated Carcinoma. VEGF expression analyzed by red-brown stained cytoplasm. Data were analyzed by Spearman's Correlation Test Chi-Square test, and Paired Sample t-Test. Result: VEGF positive Expression was found in 27 of 28 (96.4%) Undifferentiated Carcinoma type of NPC cases. VEGF overexpression was found in 23 of 28 (82.4%) Undifferentiated Carcinoma type of NPC cases.There is significant correlation found between tumor stage and VEGF expression (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the research, it could conclude that there is significant correlation between tumor stage and VEGF Expression.]]>
<![CDATA[PROFILE IGA (VCA-P18+EBNA1) AND VIRAL LOAD EBV DNA AS A RISK FACTOR AMONG RELATIVES OF NASOPHARYNX CARCINOMA PATIENT WITH EBV POSITIVE AT DR. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO HOSPITAL IN MAKASSAR ]]>
<![CDATA[Nova Audrey Luetta Pieter]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1147
<![CDATA[Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated to viral infection, i.e. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), about 90 % of the worldwide are infected with EBV at same point of their lives. This virus is highly oncogenic and easily transmitted via saliva. The high level of biomarker for EBV infection can become a risk factor for NPC in relative’s NPC patients. Therefore, EBV related biomarkers is needed to enable screening and detecting early diagnosis of NPC in endemic area. Objective: This study aims to analyze the role of IgA (VCA-p18+EBNA1) levels and viral load (VL) as screening tools for early detection in relatives of positive EBV NPC patients. Therefore, it can be used as predicted risk factor for NPC. Method: The method used in this study is cross-sectional with consecutive sampling of 50 relatives of NPC patients treated at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from August 2012 to May 2013. Univariate and bivariate analysis and t-test are used to measure and to show the correlation of Ig A (VCA-p18+EBNA1) level and VL. Result: Results showed that 28 % of the NPC patients are female with an average age of 31.12±11.91. Sixty-eight percent of the relatives are siblings, and most of them are Buginese tribe (58%). According to the risk distribution of NPC, the sampling is grouped in 3 categories i.e. high risk, intermediate risk, and low risk to NPC. There is 50% of the relatives of the NPC patients categorized to the intermediate risk. The IgA (VCA-p18+EBNA1) level is significant (p=0.000) compared with the VL level (p=0.337). Sixteen percent of the high-risk group have a normal pattern, but it still needs high awareness. Statistically, the Pearson correlation analysis showed a relationship but not significant. Conclusion: It could be concluded that IgA (VCA-p18+EBNA1) and VL level could be used as a screening method and early detection in relatives of NPC patients and become a predicted risk factor for NPC]]>
<![CDATA[THE RELATION OF EBNA-1 AND EGFR EXPRESSION SCREENING FROM ADVANCED STAGE UNDIFFERENTIATED NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER ]]>
<![CDATA[Imam Prabowo]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Zuliyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Made Setiamika]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadi Sudrajad]]>;
<![CDATA[Aulia Hervi Anggraini]]>;
<![CDATA[Dyah Ratna Budiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Santoso Cornain]]>;
<![CDATA[Made Nasar]]>;
<![CDATA[Oyong]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1148
<![CDATA[Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a lymphoepithelial malignancy of the nasopharynx, one of the etiologies is the infection of Epstein–Barr virus in undifferentiated type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The Epstein-Barr virus Nucleus Antigen-1 (EBNA-1) is Epstein–Barr virus-encoded proteins as regulatory virus transcription. Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) consist of a single polypeptide chain of amino acid, ErbB members, tyrosine kinase receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by gen location in the short arms of a chromosome and overexpression in epithelial tumors. EGFR plays a central role in signal transduction pathways which regulate key cellular functions in epithelial malignancies. and may also present in NPC. Objective: To investigate this relation of expression patterns of EBNA-1 and EGFR in a histological type of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Method: Observational, analytical study with a cross-sectional method of 34 formalin-fixed within inclusion criteria are EBNA-1 and positive staining of EGFR expression (30 patients) and exclusion criteria of negative staining of EGFR (4 patients). All biopsy samples work with paraffin embedded and resulted in hematoxylin-eosin undifferentiated histological types of the advanced stage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBNA-1 and EGFR expression used immunohistochemistry staining. Result: EBNA-1 and EGFR expression level were detection and correlated with the advanced stadium of nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: EBNA-1 is significantly related to EGFR expression in the advanced stadium of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Overexpression of EGFR is mostly found in advanced NPC but not in all ages. Male is dominated and overall age below 55 years old. Screening of EGFR with immunohistochemistry is highly considered before anti-EGFR treatment]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF CARBOPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY REGULATION ON HEARING FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA ]]>
<![CDATA[Ita Wahyuni]]>;
<![CDATA[Denny S Utama]]>;
<![CDATA[Abla Ghanie]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1149
<![CDATA[Introduction: The incidence of hearing loss after treatment with carboplatin-based chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were evaluated, and relationships of loss with host factors, treatment-related factors were investigated. Objective: To evaluate the effect of giving a carboplatin chemotherapy regimen for 6 times chemotherapy (serial chemotherapy) on hearing function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The incidence of hearing loss after treatment with carboplatin-based chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were evaluated, and relationships of loss with host factors, treatment-related factors were investigated. Method: Thirty NPC patients were treated with carboplatin chemotherapy from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed. Pure tone audiometry and Distortion Product of Otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were performed during the follow-up period, with a median time of 36 months, ranging from 24 to 36 months. Correlation of SNHL at frequencies (pure tone average, 0.5-8 kHz) with a series of factors was analyzed. Results: Among 30 participant (60 ears), using the Wilcoxon test, the mean threshold after series III was significant (p=0,000) and the mean of after series VI and significant (p= 0,000). The relationship between DPOAE results and pure tone audiometry was also carried out in the early stages of series III. Kaplan Meier's survival analysis improvement from post-III series (6 weeks) of participants who survived as many as 23 participants (76.67%) and in the post-chemotherapy evaluation of VI series (15 weeks) participants who survived as many as 8 participants. Bivariate statistical analysis using the Spearman non-parametric correlation test, there was a significant relationship between the mean dose and the decrease in the hearing threshold. p=0.00 (<0.01). Conclusion: For NPC patients treated with carboplatin chemotherapy, There was an effect on the hearing function of the administration of carboplatin chemotherapy regimen for 6 series chemotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.]]>
<![CDATA[COMPARISONS OF CYTOLOGICAL RESULTS FROM BRUSHING METHOD UNDER NASOPHARYNGOSCOPY GUIDANCE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESULTS FROM BLIND BIOPSY OF NASOPHARYNX IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA PATIENTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Selvianti]]>;
<![CDATA[Irwan Kristyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhtarum Yusuf]]>
<![CDATA[ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 1 No. 02 (2019): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TALENTA PUBLISHER ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1150
<![CDATA[Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the common head and neck malignancies found in Indonesia. Diagnosis was based on histopathological result of tumor tissues taken from the nasopharynx. Histopathological from nasopharyngeal blind biopsy remains a golden standard of NPC diagnosis. Blind biopsy causes many problems for patients including pain sensation, risk of bleeding and traumatic effect. Another technique for obtaining specimen for evaluation malignant cells of nasopharynx was by cytological investigation. Cytology evaluation could detect malignant cells from smear specimen. Cytological specimen could be obtained from nasopharynx by brushing method. Cells are collected by brushing then processed with liquid-based technique; specimens were smeared and stained for cytology evaluation. Since nasopharynx location is invisible, then nasopharyngoscopy guidance was used to obtain a brushing specimen. Objective: To analyze an agreement between cytological results from nasopharyngeal brushing under nasopharyngoscopy and histopathological results from blind biopsy as a golden standard for the detection of malignant cells in NPC patients. Method: Diagnostic test with the cross-sectional comparative study. Population of this study was NPC patients who came to outpatient Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Samples were collected with consecutive sampling method during February until May 2011. During that period we obtained 36 patients as study samples. First we performed brushing method under nasopharyngoscopy guidance and then blind biopsy of nasopharynx on each patient. Cytology preparation processed with liquid-based technique liquiPREP and Papanicolaou stain. Histopathologic preparation used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Sample data was tested by McNemar test and Kappa association test. Result: 36 samples were obtained consisted of 27 male (75%) and 9 female (25%). The result for cytological evaluation in detecting malignant cells of NPC patients was sensitivity 87.10%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 96.43%, negative predictive value 50% and accuracy 86.11%. Statistically, analysis result with McNemar test was no significant difference and from Kappa association test there was a significant association between brushing method under nasopharyngoscopy guidance and blind biopsy. Conclusion: There was an agreement between brushing method under nasopharyngoscopy guidance and blind biopsy in detecting malignant cells of NPC.]]>
