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Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education
Published by Universitas Pelita Harapan
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26863707     DOI : 26863707
Core Subject : Religion, Education,
Religion Education
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education is a scientific journal of theology, Christian worldview, Christian education, philosophy of Christian education, and integration of faith and learning. It is published by the Department of Christian Religion Education at Universitas Pelita Harapan triannually in September, January and May.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 192 Documents
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Oikumenitas dan Solidaritas menurut Dokumen Teologi Gereja HKBP Purba, Daniel Rizki; Sianipar, Efran Mangatas; Hasibuan, Ricky Pramono; Harianja, Mikael
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v6i2.8161

Abstract

This article discusses the crucial role of the church in addressing global challenges such as environmental crises and social injustices. Through an examination of the Theological Document of the Huria Kristen Batak Protestant Church (HKBP), this article highlights the concepts of ecumenism and solidarity as the foundation for the church's actions in safeguarding the environment and supporting social welfare. Considering the negative impacts of modernization on the environment and society, HKBP emphasizes the importance of active involvement in environmental restoration and protection efforts, as well as combating all forms of discrimination. The article also depicts the role of HKBP as a catalyst for change, promoting inter-church cooperation in bringing liberation to all of God's creation. With a focus on the practical implementation of its theological doctrines, this article provides an insight into how the church can effectively become an agent of social justice advancement and environmental preservation.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACTArtikel ini membahas peran penting gereja dalam menjawab tantangan global seperti krisis lingkungan dan ketidakadilan sosial. Melalui telaah terhadap Dokumen Teologi Gereja Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP), artikel ini menyoroti konsep Oikumenisme dan solidaritas sebagai landasan tindakan gereja dalam menjaga lingkungan dan mendukung kesejahteraan sosial. Mempertimbangkan dampak negatif modernisasi terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat, HKBP menekankan pentingnya keterlibatan aktif dalam upaya restorasi dan perlindungan lingkungan, serta memerangi segala bentuk diskriminasi. Artikel ini juga menggambarkan peran HKBP sebagai katalisator perubahan, mendorong kerja sama antar-gereja dalam membawa pembebasan bagi seluruh ciptaan Tuhan. Dengan fokus pada implementasi praktis dari doktrin-doktrin teologisnya, artikel ini memberikan gambaran tentang bagaimana gereja dapat secara efektif menjadi agen kemajuan keadilan sosial dan pelestarian lingkungan.
Peran Guru Kristen Sebagai Fasilitator dalam Menjelaskan Pembelajaran Bermakna bagi Siswa [The Role of Christian Teachers as Facilitators in Explaining Meaningful Learning for Students] Munte, Imelda Suwati Agnes; Chrismastianto, Imanuel Adhitya Wulanata
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v6i2.8210

Abstract

Current Christian education has not been optimal in bringing students to the knowledge of God. Teachers only focus on delivering material so that knowledge stops in the cognitive domain and students do not understand the meaning and purpose of the lesson. The solution is teachers need to present meaningful learning for students. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of Christian teachers as facilitators in developing meaningful learning for students. The method used is a literature review. Meaningful learning is a learning process that can bring students to the highest meaning of learning, namely God's truth. Epistemology is the  philosophical view that bridges the highest source of knowledge, the God's truth. The role of Christian teachers as facilitators in meaningful learning is to facilitate students to gain knowledge of God so that students' lives refer to Christian values. It can be concluded that the role of Christian teachers is important in developing meaningful learning for students so that students continue to grow in the God’s truth and glorify God in their lives. The suggestion for next researchers is to deepen about the application of the role of Christian teachers as facilitators in developing meaningful learning through direct observation and enriching reference sources. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACTPendidikan Kristen saat ini belum maksimal dalam membawa murid-murid kepada pengenalan akan Tuhan. Guru hanya berfokus pada penyampaian materi sehingga pengetahuan berhenti pada ranah kognitif dan siswa tidak mengerti makna dan tujuan dari pelajaran tersebut. Solusinya adalah guru perlu menyajikan pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi siswa. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran guru Kristen sebagai fasilitator dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Pembelajaran yang bermakna adalah proses pembelajaran yang dapat membawa siswa menemukan makna tertinggi dari pembelajaran, yaitu kebenaran Tuhan. Epistemologi merupakan pandangan filsafat yang menjembatani sumber pengetahuan tertinggi yaitu kebenaran Tuhan. Peran guru Kristen sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran bermakna adalah memfasilitasi siswa untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang Tuhan sehingga kehidupan siswa mengacu pada nilai-nilai Kristiani. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran guru Kristen penting dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi siswa agar siswa terus bertumbuh dalam kebenaran Tuhan dan memuliakan Tuhan dalam kehidupannya. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya adalah memperdalam tentang penerapan peran guru Kristen sebagai fasilitator dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran yang bermakna melalui observasi langsung dan memperkaya sumber referensi. 
Peran Guru dalam Membangun Toleransi dan Menangkal Intolerasi di Kalangan Siswa [The Role of Teachers in Building Tolerance and Countering Intolerance among Students] Debora, Theresiana; Dwikristanto, Yanuard Putro
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v6i2.8236

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with a diverse society. Diversity can bring conflict to society, but tolerance is essential to maintaining it. Education is a key starting point for fostering tolerance. This requires teachers to carry out their role in instilling moral values in society based on the correct philosophical foundation. As the image and likeness of God, despite having fallen into sin and experiencing severe damage, humans still have a will and mind that is the basis for humans to be both tolerant and intolerant. This article aims to explore the philosophical role of Christian teachers as mentors, examining how they foster tolerance and intolerance in the classroom. The method used in writing is a literature review. The conclusion is that Christian teachers can use tolerant and intolerant attitudes correctly in the classroom through motivation, spontaneous advice with love, examples of Christ's love, and classroom habits that teach students to love each other and appreciate the work of others while hating sin.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:Indonesia adalah negara dengan masyarakat yang beragam. Keberagaman ini sering kali menimbulkan konflik di masyarakat. Namun, toleransi merupakan hal yang penting untuk menjaga keberagaman, yang dapat dimulai dari dunia pendidikan. Hal ini menuntut guru untuk menjalankan perannya dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai moral dalam masyarakat dengan berlandaskan pada landasan filosofis yang benar. Sebagai gambar dan rupa Allah, meskipun telah jatuh ke dalam dosa dan mengalami kerusakan yang parah, manusia masih memiliki kehendak dan pikiran yang menjadi dasar bagi manusia untuk bersikap toleran dan intoleran dengan benar. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai peran guru Kristen sebagai pembimbing dalam menumbuhkan sikap toleransi dan intoleransi di dalam kelas secara filosofis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan adalah tinjauan pustaka. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah guru Kristen dapat menggunakan sikap toleran dan intoleransi dengan benar di dalam kelas melalui motivasi, nasihat spontan dengan kasih, teladan kasih Kristus, dan kebiasaan di dalam kelas yang mengajarkan siswa untuk saling mengasihi dan menghargai karya orang lain serta membenci dosa.
The Demoniac of Gadarenes as a Portrait of the Perilous Time (καιροὶ χαλεϔοί): An Eschatological Reflection on the Nigerian Church and Society [Roh-roh Jahat di dalam Diri Orang-Orang Gadara sebagai Potret dari Zaman yang Penuh Bahaya (καιροὶ χαλεϔοί): Sebuah Refleksi Eskatologis tentang Gereja dan Masyarakat Nigeria] Oluwatoba, Rotimi Paul; Atowoju, Ayodele; Alamu, Samuel Sunday
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v6i2.8282

Abstract

The primary focus of this paper is the eschatological implication of the Greek word χαλεϔοί -perilous or fierce, from its description of human society in the last days as καιροὶ χαλεϔοί -perilous time (II Timothy 3:1) and its use in describing the horrifying or fierce experiences of the maniac of Gadara (Mathew 8:28). Academic discussions on eschatology have largely been focused on cataloguing the catastrophic unfolding end time events, such as natural disasters, wars, global outbreak of diseases, Israel diplomatic relations and their prophetic timeline. The general depravity of the human society as a prophetic dimension of the end time has not received its deserved attention. This study, through qualitative research, assessed the theological, eschatological and socio-ethical implications of the end time depravities (χαλεϔοί) on Nigerian society. There is a connection between demonic activities, as in the maniac of Gadarenes, and the identified bizarre human activities in and outside the Nigerian Church. Spiritual discernment, disengagement from corrupt personalities and discipleship of future leadership are recommended for the preservation of the end-time church.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACTFokus utama dari makalah ini adalah penerapan eskatologis dari kata Yunani χαλεϔοί -berbahaya atau ganas, dari gambarannya tentang masyarakat di akhir zaman sebagai καιροὶ χαλεϔοί -waktu yang berbahaya (II Timotius 3:1) dan penggunaannya untuk menggambarkan pengalaman mengerikan atau ganas dari orang yang kerasukan di Gadara (Matius 8:28). Diskusi akademis tentang eskatologi sebagian besar terfokus pada penggambaran mengenai bencana yang akan terjadi di akhir zaman, seperti bencana alam, peperangan, wabah penyakit global, hubungan diplomatis Israel, dan garis waktu nubuatannya. Kebobrokan umum dari masyarakat manusia sebagai dimensi nubuatan kenabian dari akhir zaman belum mendapatkan perhatian yang seharusnya. Penelitian ini, yang dilaksanakan melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, ditujukan untuk mengevaluasi secara teologis, eskatologis, dan dampak sosio-etis dari kebobrokan akhir zaman (χαλεϔοί) pada masyarakat Nigeria. Terdapat hubungan antara tindakan-tindakan kerasukan, seperti dalam kasus orang kerasukan di Gadara, dan tindakan-tindakan tidak lazim lainnya yang teridentifikasi di dalam dan di luar Gereja Nigeria. Penulis menghimbau agar gereja di Nigeria memiliki ketajaman rohani, dan jangan melibatkan diri dengan pemimpin gereja yang memiliki kepribadian yang tercemari oleh kesesatan.
Peran Guru Kristen dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Kolaboratif pada Pembelajaran Abad ke-21 berdasarkan Filsafat Pendidikan Kristen Tarisah, Putri Subur; Silalahi, Destya Waty
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): May
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v6i2.8289

Abstract

21st century learning that is influenced by technology is expected to be able to equip and facilitate students with 6C skills, one of which is collaboration skills. Collaboration skills possessed by students provide many benefits in the learning process. In fact, there is evidence in the field proving that students have low collaboration skills caused by many factors, one of which is the role of the Christian teacher. Christian teachers as individuals who realize that they have been redeemed and become servants of God have an important role in helping students to meet educational demands that are influenced by the times, such as developing collaboration skills. The purpose of writing this paper is to describe the role of Christian teachers in developing collaboration skills in the midst of 21st Century Education using the literature review method. The results of this research are that collaboration skills are an important component in carrying out the Great Commission and the Law of Love established by God, especially as the image and likeness of a Trinitarian God, so that the role of Christian teachers is needed in developing students' collaboration skills. The conclusion of the study is that teachers can act as guides and facilitators by providing correct understanding and facilitating students in developing collaboration skills. The suggestion that can be given is that Christian teachers must be able to develop students' collaboration skills by being active in the learning process and taing into account the needs of students and trying to facilitate them.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACTPembelajaran abad 21 yang dipengaruhi oleh teknologi diharapkan mampu membekali dan memfasilitasi mahasiswa dengan keterampilan 6C, salah satunya adalah keterampilan kolaborasi. Kemampuan kolaborasi yang dimiliki oleh siswa memberikan banyak manfaat dalam proses pembelajaran. Kenyataannya, terdapat fakta di lapangan yang membuktikan bahwa siswa memiliki keterampilan kolaborasi yang rendah yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah peran guru Kristen. Guru Kristen sebagai pribadi yang menyadari bahwa dirinya telah ditebus dan menjadi hamba Tuhan memiliki peran penting dalam menolong siswa untuk memenuhi tuntutan pendidikan yang dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan zaman, salah satunya adalah mengembangkan keterampilan kolaborasi. Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peran guru Kristen dalam mengembangkan keterampilan kolaborasi di tengah-tengah Pendidikan Abad 21 dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah keterampilan kolaborasi merupakan komponen penting dalam menjalankan Amanat Agung dan Hukum Kasih yang ditetapkan oleh Allah, terutama sebagai gambar dan rupa Allah Tritunggal, sehingga peran guru Kristen sangat dibutuhkan dalam mengembangkan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah guru dapat berperan sebagai pembimbing dan fasilitator dengan memberikan pemahaman yang benar dan memfasilitasi siswa dalam mengembangkan keterampilan kolaborasi. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah guru-guru Kristen harus dapat mengembangkan kemampuan kolaborasi siswa dengan cara aktif dalam proses pembelajaran dan memperhatikan kebutuhan siswa serta berusaha memfasilitasi mereka.
Meresponi Pemikiran John Duns Scotus Tentang Predestinasi dari Perspektif Reformed Ginting, Yoshua; Br Sembiring, Lorena; Tarigan, Musa Sinar
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v8i1.10512

Abstract

This study examines John Duns Scotus' views on the doctrine of predestination and analyzes them from the perspective of Reformed theology as formulated by John Calvin. Predestination is theological doctrine that continues to be debated because it is closely related to God's sovereignty in understanding the salvation of the elect and the rejected. Scotus, as a medieval scholastic theologian, emphasized predestination as an act of God's free and sovereign will to choose some people for salvation, without making God the cause of destruction. According to Scotus, human destruction occurs as result of human sin itself, not as direct decree from God. Conversely, Calvin understood predestination as God's eternal decision that determines both the salvation of the elect and the destruction of the non-elect, based entirely on God's will and sovereignty. This study uses literature review method by analyzing the major works of Scotus and Calvin as well as relevant theological sources. The results of the study show that there are differences between Scotus and Calvin in their understanding of the relationship between salvation and destruction, even though both affirm God's sovereignty in human salvation.
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Kelas XI dalam Konteks Pendidikan Kristen [The Application of Project-Based Learning Strategies in Grade XI Economics Subjects in the Context of Christian Education] Novianti, Caroline Isabell; Esther Suwu, Selvi
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v8i1.10722

Abstract

The implementation of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in Indonesia gives students the freedom to choose several major subjects that they are interested in and allows students to interact with new friends in certain subjects, including the economics subject. Although this is a good thing, teenage students often feel uncomfortable being in a new environment with new people to study with. Christian education aims to provide holistic growth to students, including in their ability to communicate and collaborate with others and to have a Christian worldview. As images of God, humans are created to have relationships with one another through interaction, communication, and collaboration in reflecting God's relational love in His Trinity, so that humans can achieve mutual prosperity through each individual's contribution to the community. In guiding students toward this truth, a project-based learning strategy is applied to improve students' collaborative skills in economics lessons. Project-based learning strategies are generally carried out in groups to achieve a specific goal so that this strategy is expected to be able to foster students' collaboration skills as preparation for them to enter college or the workforce.
Studi Biblika dan Reflektif : Mazmur 121 “Sebuah Perjalanan Hidup Mengikut Tuhan” Putra, Luke Eka
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v8i1.10837

Abstract

This paper examines Psalm 121:1–2 from both a biblical and reflective perspective by understanding life as a journey of faith, rather than a pursuit of specific achievements. Starting from the reality of human life—filled with challenges, struggles, and uncertainties—Psalm 121 is read within the context of the Songs of Ascents (Psalms 120–134) as a series of hope-filled songs of God’s people who are journeying toward Jerusalem. This study explores the historical and geographical background of Israel’s pilgrimage, which was fraught with risks and threats, thus shaping a theological metaphor of total dependence on God. A lexical analysis of the verb “to lift up one’s eyes” (נָשָׂא, nāśāʾ) compared with the verb “to see” (רָאָה, rāʾāh) in the narratives of Genesis and Samuel shows a shift in meaning: from a type of seeing that leads to sin to a seeing of faith directed toward God. Furthermore, an examination of the word “help” (עֵזֶר, ʿēzer) affirms that the help from the Lord in Psalm 121 is not merely temporary assistance, but rather God’s active and eternal accompaniment as Creator. The paper concludes with a theological reflection relevant to modern life, emphasizing that in a journey filled with spiritual crises, believers are called to direct their gaze and hope solely toward the Lord, the Maker of Heaven and Earth.
Pengajaran Disiplin Gereja berdasarkan pengakuan-pengakuan Reformed Nainggolan, Cathryne Berliana
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v8i1.10840

Abstract

Church discipline is a sensitive topic because it is directly related to the holiness of believers’ lives within the church. Various theological angles have emphasized the importance of a proper understanding and faithful practice of church discipline. However, a comprehensive exploration of church discipline based on the Reformed confessions has not yet been sufficiently developed. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the doctrine of church discipline as articulated in the Reformed confessions, with particular attention to the Belgic Confession, the Heidelberg Confession, and the Westminster Standards. This study employs a dialectical and analytical approach to examine the teaching of church discipline within the Reformed traditions. The exploration of these confessional documents demonstrates that church discipline is not merely a corrective measure but an essential ecclesial practice. It serves to preserve the holiness and purity of the church, uphold doctrinal faithfulness, and reflect the church’s identity as the body of Christ. Thus, church discipline is understood as a vital means through which the church faithfully lives out its calling before God and the world.
An Inquiry-Based Learning on Salt Hydrolysis and Buffer Solutions in the Context of Christian Education Saragih, Rachel Veronica Putri Pniel; Tantu, Year Rezeki Patricia; Bunda, Dince
Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/dil.v8i1.10854

Abstract

Chemistry is often considered difficult and abstract, as well separate from the Christian faith. One Christian school in Jakarta that incorporates Christian values into its vision and mission, has not yet been able to provide learning that integrates Biblical Christian perspectives, particularly in Chemistry lessons. The diverse contexts is of 11th-grade students, including 13 boys and 11 girls. This study aims to examine inquiry-based learning on the topic of salt hydrolysis and buffer solutions within the context of Christian education. Inquiry-based learning is not only viewed as a means of knowledge construction but also to admire the greatness and order of God’s creation through the principle of equilibrium in the topics of hydrolysis and buffer solutions. This study began with observation, lesson planning, implementation of learning, analysis of learning outcomes, and final reflection. Data were taken from test scores, student worksheet results, project results, and reflections, then processed using simple statistics and explained qualitatively. The results of reflection showed that inquiry learning was able to provide a deeper understanding of the concepts of hydrolysis and buffer solutions, real and reflective applications of the knowledge learned, and student engagement through the inquiry process and group collaboration. This research is expected to provide a contribution to Christian educators in designing chemistry learning that is holistic and transformative.

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