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Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal
Published by Universitas Panji Sakti
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2655853X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v2i2
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal is an information media that contains articles from research, theoretical studies, and scientific writings on agriculture especially agrotechnology i.e.: agronomy, horticulture, plant breeding, soil sciences, plant protection, and other pertinent field related to plant production.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 22 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol 9, no 2 (2026)" : 22 Documents clear
Evaluation of Seven Super-Hot Chili Pepper Genotypes (Capsicum chinense) for Developing High-Yielding and High-Quality Superior Varieties Ni Putu Ayu Arini; I Nyoman Rai; Ni Nyoman Ari Mayadewi; Muhamad Syukur; Arya Yuda Pangestu; Orlince Mamakani
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2736

Abstract

This study evaluated seven promising super-hot chili genotypes (F1.383388, F1.382383, F1.383385, F5.382383-5-12-3, F4.382385-5-2, F4.382385-4-1, F6.382384-4-1-8-1) compared with four commercial varieties (Carolina Reaper, Katokkon, Red Bhut Jolokia, Mhanu) to identify candidates for developing high-yielding and high-quality superior varieties. A randomized block design with three replications was used at Bedugul, Bali (1200 m asl) from November 2024 to January 2026. Observations included qualitative and quantitative yield and quality traits. Results showed that genotype significantly affected all variables. Genotype F5.382383-5-12-3 exhibited the highest fruit weight per plant (1,268.00 g plant⁻¹) and number of fruits per plant (151.11 fruit plant⁻¹) with early harvest (112.00 dap), making it the best for productivity. Genotype F1.383385 showed superior quality traits, including the highest fruit length (7.07 cm), diameter (33.96 mm), placenta length (6.50 cm), and weight per fruit (13.84 g). Both genotypes are recommended for further multi-location trials as candidates for superior variety release. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between fruit weight per plant and several fruit quality traits, indicating that higher-yielding genotypes also exhibited superior fruit quality. These findings provide a basis for selecting promising Capsicum chinense genotypes in breeding programs.
Effects of Dormancy-Breaking Agents and Vernalization Temperatures on Dormancy Release and Sprouting of Shallot Bulbs Masrinda Oktavia; Elkawakib Syam'un; Tigin Dariati
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2770

Abstract

Post-harvest dormancy in shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) seed bulbs delays sprouting and disrupts planting schedules. While gibberellic acid (GA₃), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and vernalization each break dormancy, their combined effects have not been evaluated. The study, conducted in October 2025 at the Hasanuddin University Teaching Farm in Indonesia, is the first to evaluate the factorial effects of GA₃ or H₂O₂ combined with vernalization on dormancy breaking. Lokana shallot bulbs underwent vernalization for 14 days at room temperature, 5°C, or 10°C, followed by treatment with either no agent, GA₃ (100 mg L⁻¹, 6 h), or H₂O₂ (20%, 2 h), using a 3 × 3 randomized complete block design (27 plots, 1.215 plants). Data analysed using ANOVA followed by HSD at the 5% level and Pearson’s correlation. Significant interactions (p < 0.05) between dormancy-breaking agents and vernalization were observed for most germination rate and sprouting time parameters. The combination of H₂O₂ treatment with 5°C vernalization produced the fastest sprouting, achieving the highest sprouting rate index (SSI = 6.91) and rate coefficient (CVG = 12.78), the shortest mean sprouting time (MSpT = 7.86 days), and the lowest time to 50% sprouting (T50 = 7.06 days), outperforming both the control (SSI = 2.82; MSpT = 16.90 days; T50 = 16.86 days) and GA₃ treatments. Sprouting synchrony and uniformity remained unaffected. The combined application of H₂O₂ and short-duration cold vernalization represents a practical and cost-effective approach to reducing dormancy and expediting planting readiness in shallot seed production.
Improving Sustainable Agriculture Adoption Among Smallholder Coffee Farmers in Indonesia: Does Entrepreneurial Orientation Play a Role? Ratna Kusuma Sari; Mangku Purnomo; Tri Wahyu Nugroho; Suhartini Suhartini; Budi Setiawan; Setiyo Yuli Handono
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2862

Abstract

The adoption of sustainable agriculture practices is essential for enhancing the environmental sustainability and long-term productivity of smallholder coffee farming systems. While previous studies have mainly focused on technical and institutional factors, the role of farmers' entrepreneurial orientation has received relatively little attention. This study examines how different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation influence the adoption of sustainable agriculture practices among smallholder coffee farmers in Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. Data were collected from 156 coffee-farming households using a multi-stage random sampling approach. Sustainable agriculture adoption was measured as the total number of practices adopted, and the relationship was estimated using a Poisson regression model, with an ordered probit model employed as a robustness check. The results show that innovativeness (β = 0.275, *p* < 0.05) and proactiveness (β = 0.271, *p* < 0.05) are positively associated with the adoption of sustainable agriculture practices, whereas competitive aggressiveness (β = −0.205, *p* < 0.01) has a negative effect. In contrast, risk-taking and autonomy are not statistically significant. The robustness analysis using the ordered probit model produces consistent results, confirming the reliability of the main findings. These results suggest that encouraging farmers to be more innovative and proactive may be just as important as providing technical support. At the same time, stronger market incentives are needed to align competitiveness with sustainability goals better. The study also contributes to the entrepreneurial orientation literature by showing that its individual dimensions influence sustainable agriculture adoption in different ways, rather than having a uniform effect.
Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Caused Fusarium Wilt in Donomulyo, Malang Regency, Indonesia Akhmad Rizal Oktafian; Irisa Trianti; Eriyanto Yusnawan; Luqman Qurata Aini
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2749

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a soil-borne fungal pathogen responsible for fusarium wilt, which constitutes one of the major constraints in banana cultivation. Information on the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Foc in Malang Regency, one of the banana-producing areas in East Java, Indonesia, remains limited, hindering effective disease surveillance and management. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize fungal isolates associated with fusarium wilt disease in banana plants using an integrated approach combining morphological characterization, pathogenicity testing, PCR amplification, ITS sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. Three fungal isolates were recovered from symptomatic banana plants collected in Donomulyo, Malang Regency, and one representative isolate (DNM) was selected for molecular characterization based on its morphological similarity to the other isolates. Morphological observations revealed characteristics typical of Fusarium oxysporum. ITS sequence analysis showed 100% query coverage and 100% sequence identity with reference Foc sequences available in GenBank, while phylogenetic analysis clustered the DNM isolate with reference Foc isolates with 94% bootstrap support. Pathogenicity assays demonstrated that the isolate induced typical fusarium wilt symptoms, resulting in an LDI of 16.39% at 14 DAI and an RDI of 41.67% at 45 DAI. These findings provide baseline information on putative Foc isolates in Malang Regency, particularly in the Donomulyo area, and establish an integrated characterization framework to support disease surveillance, early detection, and the development of integrated management strategies for fusarium wilt in banana production systems.
Inequality in Adaptive Capacity and Its Impact on Agricultural Efficiency: Evidence from Farm-Level Data in India Narendra Kumar Dariya; S. Lingamurthy; Vandana Rathore; Shashi Kumar R.; Muhammed Fazil
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2885

Abstract

Despite growing evidence on climate adaptation and agricultural efficiency, limited research has integrated adaptive capacity, technical efficiency, and structural inequality within a single analytical framework in climate-vulnerable regions of India. This study addresses this gap using a cross-sectional survey of 384 farm households selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling design across four agro-ecological zones of Rajasthan. Technical efficiency was estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), its determinants were analysed using a Tobit regression model, and inequality was assessed using the Gini coefficient. The mean technical efficiency score was 0.64, indicating substantial scope for improving resource use. The Adaptation Index significantly increased technical efficiency (β = 0.041, p < 0.001), with each additional adaptation strategy raising efficiency by 3.2 percentage points. Irrigation access and wealth also exerted significant positive effects. However, efficiency gains remained uneven, with greater inequality among rain-fed (Gini = 0.367) and small farms (0.351) than irrigated (0.248) and large farms (0.221). The findings highlight the need for policies that strengthen adaptive capacity while reducing structural inequalities in access to resources.
Nutritional, Physicochemical, and Microbiological Quality of Soy Yoghurt Fortified with Fresh Moringa oleifera Leaf Aqueous Extract During Refrigerated Storage Ita Fatkhur Romadhoni; Lilis Sulandari; Niken Purwidiani; Dwi Iriyani; Rita Ismawati; Kristian Triatmaja Raharja
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2687

Abstract

Growing interest in plant-based fermented foods has encouraged the development and evaluation of non-dairy yoghurt formulations. This study evaluated the effects of formulation and refrigerated storage time on the nutritional, physicochemical, and microbiological characteristics of soy yoghurt containing fresh Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract. Four formulations containing different combinations of moringa, garlic, and lime extracts were prepared in three independent production batches. Samples were stored at 4 ± 1 °C and analyzed on Days 7 and 14 for proximate composition, calculated energy value, pH, titratable acidity, aerobic plate count (APC), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Two-way analysis of variance showed significant formulation, storage time, and/or interaction effects on most measured variables, while titratable acidity was primarily affected by storage time. Formula B had the highest crude protein, fat, and calculated energy values at both sampling times, whereas Formula C had the highest carbohydrate content. Formula D showed the lowest APC on Day 7 and the highest LAB population at both sampling times, reaching 6.79 log₁₀ CFU/mL on Day 14. LAB populations remained above 6 log₁₀ CFU/mL in all formulations at both sampling times. These findings indicate that formulation composition influenced the measured characteristics of soy yoghurt between Days 7 and 14, although the independent contribution of fresh Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract could not be separated from those of garlic and lime.
Salicylic Acid Improves Morpho-Physiological Traits and Biomass of Kale under Drought Stress Rosyida Rosyida; Arina Dinana; Karno Karno; Muhaimin Ar Rasyid; Fajrin Pramana Putra; Nur Izzatul Maulidah
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2765

Abstract

Drought stress in agricultural land disrupts the physiological processes, growth, and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). This study evaluated the physiological responses, growth, and yield of kale treated with salicylic acid, a potential strategy to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress, in a greenhouse at the Department of Agriculture, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. A 4 × 4 factorial experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was drought level (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity). The second factor was salicylic acid (SA) concentration 0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 mM). The results indicated that physiological responses (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage) remained largely stable under moderate drought stress (60% FC), whereas plant growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, and leaf area) were reduced by 14.5–20.7% compared with the control (100% FC). At 40% FC, both physiological and growth responses were more severely affected; electrolyte leakage increased markedly, and plant height, leaf area, and dry biomass weight decreased by 24.4%, 47.2%, and 60.5%, respectively, compared with the control (P < 0.05). The best treatment was the application of 1.5 mM salicylic acid, which increased the relative water content by 4.13% and decreased the electrolyte leakage by 34.70% compared to untreated plants (P < 0.05). This concentration was likely more effective due to optimal stomatal regulation, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and maintained membrane integrity, indicating that 1.5 mM SA has potential as a biostimulant to improve kale water status and membrane stability. However, field validation across locations and seasons is needed before recommending it for dryland farming.
Carbon Storage and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Corporate Social Responsibility-Based Sustainability Projects in Semarang Regency, Indonesia Dina Banjarnahor; Abner Darmawan Sigar; Nurul Ardian Fitriyani; Irwan Hidayat
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2627

Abstract

This study evaluates the environmental impacts of four Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-based sustainability projects implemented by a private company producing traditional herbal products in Bergas Kidul Village, Central Java, Indonesia. These CSR projects were intended to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in relatively solid forms, thus reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Reduction of carbon emissions was the main goal to be fulfilled in order to prove that the CSR projects were in line with the corporate commitment to sustainability. The implemented projects included avocado tree plantations, communal cattle farming, organic fertilizer application, and the reuse of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drums. This research aimed to assess and estimate the carbon balance of these four practices based on the potential greenhouse gases stored and emitted by each practice. Supporting data were collected through surveys, interviews, and literature studies. Data were then analyzed using the 2006 and 2019 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, specifically using the Tier 1 method. The Tier 1 approach employs the basic method and the default emission factors provided in the IPCC Guidelines (Workbook and Reference Manual). Based on this analysis, avocado plantations were estimated to sequester 79.850 ton per year of CO2 eq but cattle farming generated 19.91 ton per year of CO2 eq. The use of organic fertilizer in paddy fields was estimated to emit around 0.0005 kg of N2O per hectare (0.1325 kg of CO2 eq per hectare), and this seemed to be drastically reduced compared to the application of chemical fertilizers. Applying liquid organic fertilizer was estimated to reduce approximately 74.518 kg of CO2 eq per hectare. Meanwhile, reusing 46 HDPE drums as planting medium for the household food security project in the studied area, instead of burning them, was predicted to store approximately 1.583 tons of CO2 eq in the solid form. While we couldn’t conclude a single net carbon balance resulted from these projects due to methodological limitations, these results could depict the potential and risks of environmental impacts of the claimed sustainability interventions for a longer period. 
Physicochemical and Agronomic Effects of Sago Waste-Derived Biochar and Compost on Seedling Survival Across Sago Accessions Masluki Masluki; Mutmainnah Mutmainnah; Erni Firdamayanti; Sri Hastuty Saruman; Ulfah Zakiyah Hamdani
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2805

Abstract

Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is an important tropical starch-producing palm with substantial potential to support food security and climate-resilient agriculture in Indonesia. However, sago-processing activities generate large quantities of lignocellulosic residues that are commonly discarded without proper utilization, thereby contributing to environmental pollution and biomass waste accumulation. This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of sago waste-derived biochar and compost and assessed their effectiveness as planting media amendments for improving sago seedling establishment during acclimatization. Biochar was produced through slow pyrolysis of sago bark residues at 300–500°C, whereas compost was prepared from sago pulp through controlled microbial fermentation. Chemical composition was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while microstructural characteristics and elemental composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). XRF analysis revealed that sago pulp compost contained high silica concentrations (40.50%), whereas sago pith was enriched with potassium (25.63%) and calcium (27.07%). SEM observations revealed highly porous biochar structures with dominant carbon content ranging from 89.35% to 94.42%, indicating favorable properties for water retention and nutrient adsorption. Agronomic evaluation showed that the application of 300 g biochar + 300 g pith + 300 g compost significantly increased seedling survival to 96.43% at 12 weeks after application compared with the untreated control (P ≤ 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate the physicochemical characterization of sago-processing residues (biochar and compost) with an accession-based agronomic evaluation of seedling survival, thereby linking waste valorization to nursery performance in M. sagu. The findings demonstrate that sago-processing residues can be converted into effective organic amendments and provide a mechanistic, evidence-based basis for circular biomass utilization in tropical nursery systems.
Valorization of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) Seeds as a Functional Food Ingredient: Physicochemical and Structural Characterization Radha Ranganathan; Bhawaani Selvakumar; Tinu Dhanaraj
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2873

Abstract

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds are commonly discarded as agro-industrial by-products despite their rich nutritional composition and potential as functional food ingredients. The underutilization of these seeds not only contributes to environmental burdens but also represents a missed opportunity for sustainable waste valorization and resource recovery. Although increasing attention has been paid to the utilization of food processing by-products, limited information is available on the effects of lyophilization on the physicochemical, functional, structural, thermal, and morphological properties of bitter gourd seed powder. Therefore, this study aimed to compare untreated bitter gourd seed powder (BGSP) with lyophilized bitter gourd seed powder (LBGSP) to determine the effectiveness of lyophilization in preserving and enhancing the quality attributes of the resulting powder for potential functional food applications. Functional properties, including the water absorption index, oil absorption index, wettability, and swelling index, were determined using standardized analytical methods. Structural and morphological characteristics were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM–EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analyses. Compared with untreated BGSP, LBGSP exhibited superior functional performance, improved preservation of proteins, polysaccharides, and other functional groups, a more porous and less aggregated microstructure, greater retention of essential mineral elements, enhanced colloidal stability, and reduced particle aggregation. Furthermore, thermal analysis revealed a substantially higher residual mass for LBGSP (23.1%) than for BGSP (11.42%), indicating improved thermal stability. These improvements were primarily attributed to the low-temperature vacuum dehydration process during lyophilization, which effectively minimized thermal degradation while preserving structural integrity and biofunctional components. Overall, the findings demonstrate that lyophilization is an effective processing strategy for improving the functional and structural quality of bitter gourd seed powder, thereby supporting its development as a sustainable functional food ingredient while promoting the valorization of agro-industrial waste.

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