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Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal
Published by Universitas Panji Sakti
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2655853X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v2i2
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal is an information media that contains articles from research, theoretical studies, and scientific writings on agriculture especially agrotechnology i.e.: agronomy, horticulture, plant breeding, soil sciences, plant protection, and other pertinent field related to plant production.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 466 Documents
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Comparative Antifungal Efficacy of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts Against Postharvest Anthracnose of Papaya Titik Nur Aeny; Hasriadi Mat Akin; Selvi Helina; Zakiatun Nafsiyah; Fauziah Rizky Nurfadillah
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2874

Abstract

Anthracnose is a major postharvest disease that reduces the quality and marketability of papaya fruits. This study evaluated and compared the antifungal activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) leaf extract and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome extract against Colletotrichum brevisporum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of ten treatments with four replicates. Treatments included cinnamon and turmeric extracts at concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%, a propineb fungicide treatment, and an untreated control. Both extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth, suppressed conidial germination, and reduced disease development compared with the untreated control (p < 0.05). Turmeric extract consistently exhibited greater antifungal activity than cinnamon extract. At a concentration of 1.00%, turmeric extract reduced colony diameter by 46.84%, decreased disease severity at 6 days after inoculation by 34.6%, and completely inhibited conidial germination compared with the untreated control. Its performance also approached that of propineb during the early stages of infection. However, this study evaluated crude extracts under controlled laboratory and postharvest conditions without phytochemical characterization or validation under commercial storage systems. These findings suggest that turmeric rhizome extract is a promising candidate for further development as an environmentally friendly component of integrated postharvest management of papaya anthracnose, although additional studies on phytochemical composition, formulation, and commercial-scale validation are required before practical application.
Optimization of Plant Growth Regulators for Tobacco Anther Culture Regeneration Mohammad Nur Khozin; Imam Aditya Agung Mulyono; Didik Pudji Restanto; Aran Patarapuwadol; Iryono Iryono
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2759

Abstract

Tobacco is one of the most important plantation crops and is used as raw material by the cigarette industry. Improvements in the quantity and quality of tobacco crops are needed, one of which can be achieved by using superior hybrid varieties. However, the production of hybrid varieties requires pure-line plants, which are generally produced through conventional methods that take approximately 7–8 generations. Anther culture has emerged as an alternative method to accelerate the production of pure-line plants within 1–2 generations by using haploid plants. Although several studies have investigated the effects of auxins and cytokinins on anther culture in Solanaceae species, the optimal combination of 2,4-D and Kinetin for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) anther culture regeneration remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the combination of these plant growth regulators to improve regeneration efficiency in tobacco anther culture. The success of anther culture can be enhanced by using Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) such as 2,4-D and Kinetin. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of 2,4-D and Kinetin for regenerating tobacco anther culture explants. The experiment was designed using a completely randomised design (CRD) with two factors: 2,4-D (0, 0,1, 1, and 2 mg/L) and Kinetin (0, 0,1, 0,2, and 0,4 mg/L). The interaction between 2,4-D and Kinetin significantly affected swelling initiation, callus initiation, and callus formation (P < 0.05). The D1K3 treatment (0.1 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D + 0.4 mg L⁻¹ Kinetin) produced the fastest swelling initiation (3.67 DAI) and callus initiation (28.33 DAI), whereas D3K3 produced the highest callus formation (73.33%). Kinetin at 0.4 mg L⁻¹ significantly accelerated shoot (98 DAI) and root initiation (105 DAI). These findings demonstrate that optimizing the balance between auxin and cytokinin is essential for improving tobacco anther culture regeneration and provide useful information for doubled haploid production. However, a single application of Kinetin produced optimal effects on explant regeneration, resulting in the emergence of shoots and roots.
Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters of Maize Based on S4 Diallel-Derived Progenies Anggada Bima Satya Wibowo; Darmawan Saptadi; Budi Waluyo
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2820

Abstract

Maize is an important crop with strategic roles. The development of superior maize varieties requires genetically diverse parental lines with high combining ability. Advanced selfing generations, such as S4, provide increased homozygosity, allowing more reliable estimation of combining ability and genetic parameters for parental selection. This study aimed to evaluate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and genetic parameters using S4 progenies derived from a half-diallel mating design. The experiment was conducted from August to November 2025 at PT. Sukses Seed Sentosa, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, using a randomized complete block design with two replications and involving 36 S4 cross combinations. The first two principal components of the GCA explained 82.36% of the total variation (PC1 = 63.26%; PC2 = 19.10%). P4 exhibited superior GCA for cob diameter and days to harvest, whereas P1 showed favorable GCA for multiple yield-related traits. SCA values showed that the first two principal components explained 84.54% of the total variation (PC1 = 74.46%; PC2 = 10.08%). P2 × P6 showed the highest SCA for multiple yield-related traits, while P2 × P4 was superior for days to silking and shelling percentage. High GCV was observed in AWC (25.26), SWC (25.62), and Y (23.79). High narrow-heritability was observed for DA (0.55), cob length (0.60), and NSPR (0.66). Most traits were predominantly controlled by additive gene action, whereas grain yield and number of seeds per cob were mainly governed by non-additive gene action. 
Market Integration and Price Transmission of Robusta Coffee in North Sumatra Province with the World Market Wahyunita Sitinjak; Zulkarnain Lubis; Muhammad Buhari Sibuea; Jef Rudiantho Saragih; Muhammad Reza Aulia; Faiz Ahmad Sibuea
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2849

Abstract

Previous coffee-market studies have linked domestic and international prices, but they have rarely examined long-run integration, short-run asymmetry, shock decomposition, predictive causality, and threshold adjustment in one empirical sequence for the North Sumatran robusta supply chain. This study addresses that gap by analysing farm-level or production-area prices (PFC), North Sumatra exporter-level prices (PEC), and world prices represented by London Robusta Futures (PWC) using 120 monthly observations from January 2016 to December 2025. The analysis applied unit-root testing, Johansen cointegration, VECM, FEVD, Granger causality, AECM, Wald tests, and Hansen-Seo threshold testing. All series were I(1), and the Johansen test identified two cointegrating equations, confirming long-run integration among farm, exporter, and world prices. VECM adjustment was significant for PFC (ECT = -0.426806; t = -5.07885) and PEC (ECT = -0.298370; t = -4.44265), while PWC behaved as the reference market. At the 10-month horizon, PWC shocks explained 51.15% of PFC variation and 40.50% of PEC variation, while PWC remained dominated by its own shocks (84.22%). Supporting four-market IRF evidence showed that the largest own-price responses occurred in the first period, were followed by sign reversals, and in several equations remained visible at period 10, indicating gradual rather than instantaneous stabilization. Granger causality was bidirectional between PFC and PEC and unidirectional from PWC to PEC. Short-run asymmetry was found mainly in the PFC-PEC relationship, whereas long-run asymmetry and threshold cointegration were not supported. These findings contribute to agricultural market-integration literature by showing that benchmark prices transmit risk to domestic actors through linear long-run adjustment and temporary short-run frictions. Policy should strengthen transparent price information, quality-based pricing, and farmer bargaining institutions.
Microencapsulated Piper colubrinum Volatiles as Sustainable Fruit Fly Attractants in Tropical Horticulture Cico Jhon Karunia Simamora; Eva Pramuni Oktaviani Sitanggang; Febrina Feby
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2845

Abstract

Volatile compounds from tropical aromatic plants act as important semiochemical signals in agroecosystems, but their tendency to volatilize and oxidize limits their use as fruit fly attractants. This study developed a microencapsulation approach to stabilize Melada (Piper colubrinum) volatiles for practical field-level fruit fly attraction. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, comprising four microencapsulation formulations with varying maltodextrin-gum arabic (MD-GA) ratios (2:10, 5:10, 10:10, and 12:10) and one petrogenol control, each replicated three times. Physicochemical properties and biological effectiveness were evaluated against fruit flies on chili pepper, guava, and papaya. Higher MD-GA ratios reduced surface oil content while improving encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and yield. Formulation F4 (12:10) performed best overall, with EE of 85.14%, LC of 1.39%, and yield of 82.38%, and was optimal for a wall structure giving strong volatile retention while sustaining adequate release for field attractiveness. Uniform microcapsule morphology confirmed good structural integrity, supporting sustained release under open field conditions. Field trials using 45 traps across three locations showed that encapsulated Melada volatiles effectively attracted Bactrocera umbrosa and Bactrocera melastomatos, remaining active up to 10 days longer than the petrogenol control, with F4 producing the highest catch across host plants and observation days. Attractiveness was highest on chili pepper, followed by guava and papaya, indicating synergy between host-plant volatiles and Melada's bioactive compounds. Overall, MD-GA microencapsulation enhances both the chemical stability and biological efficacy of Melada volatiles, showing strong potential as an eco-friendly attractant for sustainable fruit fly management in tropical horticulture.
Biological Treatment of Agro-Processing Effluents Using Mycofiltration for Improved Maize Root Development in Cross River State, Nigeria Victoria Francis Ediene; Peggy O. Willie; Ekama Derrick Elemi; Mary-Ibenreh O. Agba; Ene Emmanuel Aki; Benjamin O. Unuigbe
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v9i2.2830

Abstract

Untreated agro-processing effluents pose a significant and growing threat to soil and water quality in developing economies, underscoring the need for low-cost, environmentally sound biological treatment options. This study evaluated mycofiltration as a biological treatment for effluents from cassava, maize, palm oil mills, and abattoirs. Four fungal species: Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), Brick top (Hypholoma sublateritium), Phoenix mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius), and King Stropharia (Stropharia annulata) were considered in this study. The experiment used a 5 × 5 factorial design, replicated three times. The study was carried out in 3 sequential phases. The first phase was a 14-day laboratory immersion trial. The second was a screen-house-pot trial. The final phase took place in a rain-fed field over one growing season. Mycofiltration reduced electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and biological and chemical oxygen demands (BOD, COD) in cassava, maize, and abattoir effluents (p < 0.0001). Brick top and King Stropharia spawns achieved the greatest reductions. For abattoir effluent, BOD declined from 8,325.46 to 2,001.11 mg/L (76%) and COD from 13,200.12 to 6,019.81 mg/L (54%) under King Stropharia treatment. In the laboratory phase, abattoir effluent filtered with Brick top (E4M2) produced maize root lengths exceeding those of the water control by 178% (7.333 vs. 2.632 cm); this root growth benefit persisted across the screen house and field phases. Palm oil mill effluent inhibited root development by 46-53% across all phases and fungal treatments, reflecting its recalcitrant load (BOD 28,400.56 mg/L; COD 45,760.82 mg/L in raw form). The factorial ANOVA results confirmed that effluent type and mushroom spawn both significantly affect mycofiltration performance. These findings demonstrate that mycofiltration performance is effluent-specific. Findings from this study provide quantitative evidence that mushroom spawn selection must be matched to the target effluent type to achieve both compliant discharge and beneficial agricultural reuse.

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