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World Nutrition Journal
Published by Indonesian Nutrition Association
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25807013     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25220/WNJ
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
World Nutrition Journal was founded in 2016 as the official journal of Indonesian Nutrition Association. It aims to publish high quality articles in the field of community, clinical, and critical care aspects of nutrition sciences. World Nutrition Journal (abbreviated: W Nutr J) is an English language, peer-reviewed, and open access journal upholding recent evidence related to nutrition sciences. The journal accepts manuscripts in terms of original paper, case report, editorial, and letter to editor.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 430 Documents
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Protein and branched-chain amino acid intake are associated with functional capacity in malnourished head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy Tarafainy Basalamah; Nurul Ratna Mutu Manikam; Tirza Z. Tamin; Wiji Lestari; Krisadelfa Sutanto; Ibrahim Agung
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V010.i1.0003

Abstract

Introduction: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at high risk of malnutrition and functional decline. Protein and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are key nutrients for muscle protein synthesis and may influence functional capacity. This study examined the association between protein and BCAA intake and functional capacity in malnourished HNC patients receiving chemoradiotherapy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a radiotherapy outpatient clinic among malnourished HNC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (week 4–5). Energy and protein intake were assessed using three non-consecutive 24-hour food recalls, while BCAA intake was estimated using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Functional capacity was evaluated using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Associations were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: A total of 94 participants were included (mean age 46.9 ± 11.9 years; 61.7% male), with most diagnosed at stage IV disease. Median protein intake was 40.65 g/day (0.79 g/kg BW/day), with 74.5% classified as having inadequate protein intake. Median total BCAA intake was 9.08 g/day. The mean 6MWT distance was 332.9 ± 123.9 m. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between protein intake and 6MWT distance (r = 0.444; p < 0.001) and between BCAA intake and 6MWT distance (r = 0.419; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Protein and BCAA intake showed a moderate association with functional capacity among malnourished HNC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. These findings support the importance of optimizing protein and BCAA intake to preserve functional status during active cancer treatment.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards sustainable diets and food choice motives among IPB university students with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study Dewi Firda Sari; Sri Anna Marliyati; Ikeu Tanziha
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.0010

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among university students Indonesia has been rising, with food choices playing a central role in both nutritional and environmental outcomes. However, evidence on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward sustainable diets and their relationship with food choice motives among students with overweight and obesity remains absent in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to determine the association between KAP of sustainable diets and food choice motives among overweight and obese students at IPB University (Institut Pertanian Bogor). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at IPB University Dramaga Campus, Bogor. A total of 97 subjects from undergraduate and postgraduate students from non-nutrition majors were recruited with a purposive sampling technique. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation test, and multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. Results: Most of the subjects (86.6%) had a poor knowledge. Similarly, attitude and practice were also predominantly poor (76.3% and 92.8%, respectively). Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice (p<0.05). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that a good attitude towards a sustainable diet was significantly associated with food choice motives among IPB University Students with overweight and obesity (OR=5.280; 95%CI=1.768-15.769; p=0.003). Conclusion: Attitude of sustainable diet was significantly associated with food choice motives among IPB University students with overweight and obesity. University health programs should integrate sustainable diet education targeting attitudinal change, particularly among students with excess body weight.
The role of energy and protein adequacy in improving functional capacity in adult males with severe burn injury: A case series Marsha Kurniawan; Wina Sinaga; Aditya Wardhana; Akhmad Noviandi Syarif
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.0005

Abstract

Background: Burn injury represents a major global health problem with high mortality and disability rates, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life, including in Indonesia. Patients with severe burns frequently experience a decline in functional capacity due to muscle weakness, which is exacerbated by the hypermetabolic response. Adequate daily caloric and protein intake is essential to preserve muscle mass and potentially improve patients’ functional capacity. Case report: The first case, a 39-year-old male with grade 2A–3 burn injury involving 35.5% of total body surface area (TBSA). Nutritional management was initiated at 10 kcal/kg body weight/day and protein 1 g/kg/day, then increased to 42 kcal/kg/day and 1.9 g/kg/day. The patient showed an improvement in the Functional Assessment for Burns–Critical Care (FAB-CC) score from 19 to 30. The second case, a 35-year-old male with grade 2A–3 burns involving 57.5% TBSA. Nutritional management was started at 10 kcal/kg/day and protein 0.4 g/kg/day, then gradually increased to 60 kcal/kg/day and protein 2.5 g/kg/day. The patient demonstrated improvement in the FAB-CC score from 3 to 20. Patients with burn injury experience hypermetabolism to support tissue repair and maintain vital organ function. Systemic inflammation and burn extent influence daily nutritional requirements. Adequate energy and protein intake play an important role in improving functional capacity in patients with burn injuries. All patients demonstrated increased daily energy and protein intake, which was associated with improved FAB-CC scores and functional capacity. Conclusion: Both cases suggest that adequate energy and protein intake may support functional recovery in patients with burn injuries, as reflected by parallel improvements in FAB-CC scores during nutritional care. These findings underscore the importance of integrating optimal nutritional therapy within a multidisciplinary treatment strategy to maximize functional outcomes in burn patients.
Spatial analysis and factors related to stunting prevalence in Lampung province in 2024 (INSS Data in 2024) Fitri Eka Sari; Rindy Yolandita; Annisa Mayang Soliha
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.0011

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a growth and developmental disorder caused by chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections and is defined as a Height-for-Age Z-score (HAZ) below −2 standard deviations. Despite ongoing interventions, stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to identify the spatial distribution of stunting; however, spatial studies on stunting in Indonesia remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze spatial patterns and factors associated with stunting prevalence in Lampung Province in 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (INSS). The study population consisted of 8,964 children under five years of age, with 2,778 children included after data cleaning. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and spatial analyses. Results: The prevalence of stunting was 15.3%, while 84.7% of children were not stunted. Exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, and maternal age were significantly associated with stunting prevalence (p<0.05). Spatial analysis showed significant associations of exclusive breastfeeding in several districts/cities, birth weight in West Coast, West Lampung, and East Lampung, and maternal age in Central Lampung. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, and maternal age were associated with stunting prevalence in Lampung Province in 2024.
Ultra-processed foods consumption and arterial elasticity among male medical students at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Azizah Salsabila Mahmud; Nurfitri Bustamam; Erna Harfiani; Marlina Dewiastuti
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.0013

Abstract

Background : Medical students commonly consume ultra-processed foods (UPFs) because of demanding academic schedules. Excessive UPF consumption has been associated with vascular dysfunction, but evidence on arterial elasticity in healthy young adults remains limited. Objective : This study investigated the association between UPF consumption and arterial elasticity among male medical students at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. Methods : A cross-sectional study included 50 male medical students selected by simple random sampling. UPF consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and analyzed with NutriSurvey software. Arterial elasticity was measured using an Accelerated Photoplethysmograph Analyzer SA-3000P. Participants were aged ≥18 years, non-smokers, and had no diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or alcohol consumption. Associations were analyzed using a Chi-square test. Results : Sugar intake from UPFs was significantly associated with arterial elasticity (p = 0.041; PR = 2,256; 95% CI = 1,153 – 4.406). In contrast, total energy, salt, and fat intake from UPFs were not significantly associated with arterial elasticity (p = 0.471, p = 0.990, and p = 0.763, respectively). Conclusions : Higher sugar intake from UPFs, rather than total energy, salt, or fat intake from UPFs, was associated with arterial elasticity. Limiting sugar intake from UPFs may help preserve vascular health in young adults.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation regimens on clinical outcomes in asthma: A systematic review Donna Pratiwi; Ni Ketut Sumartini; I Wayan Weta; Agustinus I Wayan Harimawan
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V010.i1.0004

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D has immunomodulatory properties that may improve asthma outcomes; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent findings. Variations in supplementation regimens, particularly bolus versus non-bolus dosing, may contribute to these discrepancies. Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in patients with asthma, with particular emphasis on dosing regimens. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261378116). PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs investigating vitamin D supplementation in asthma. Studies were categorized into non-bolus (daily or weekly) and bolus (high-dose intermittent) regimens. Primary outcomes included asthma exacerbations, lung function, and asthma control. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Results: Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Non-bolus supplementation was more consistently associated with improved asthma control and modest improvements in lung function, whereas bolus regimens generally showed no significant clinical benefit. Limited benefits of bolus dosing were observed only among participants with severe vitamin D deficiency. Overall, the included studies demonstrated low risk of bias to some concerns. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation may improve asthma outcomes, but its effectiveness appears to depend on the dosing regimen. Regular non-bolus supplementation may provide greater clinical benefits than intermittent bolus dosing, particularly in individuals with vitamin D deficiency. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm regimen-specific effects.
The effect of Ramadan fasting and physical exercise on fasting blood glucose in productive-age adults: A pilot study Nur Islamiyah; St. Masithah; Fitri Wahyuni; Selvia
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V010.i1.0014

Abstract

Background: Productive-age adults are vulnerable to metabolic disorders due to unhealthy diets, low physical activity, which increase fasting blood glucose levels. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of Ramadan fasting and physical exercise on fasting blood glucose levels in productive-age adults. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design was conducted on 34 respondents aged 18-25 years with normal or prediabetes fasting blood glucose levels according to the American Diabetes Association classification. Participants underwent a two-week intervention during Ramadan. The intervention group fasted during Ramadan and underwent physical exercise, including walking and soleus push-ups, whereas the control group showed lower adherence to the intervention. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured at the beginning of Ramadan (T₀), the end of Ramadan (T₁), and one month after Ramadan (T₂). Analysis using Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: Fasting glucose levels between the intervention and control groups at T₀, T₁, and T₂ showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Mixed ANOVA results also showed no effect of time (p=0.159), group effect (p=0.855), or interaction between time and group (p=0.269). Conclusion: The combination of Ramadan fasting and physical exercise for two weeks did not result in significant changes in fasting blood glucose levels. However, both groups maintained glycemic homeostasis within the normal range.
Association of vitamin E intake and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with cognitive function in elderly residing at the Budi Mulia Tresna Werdha nursing home, East DKI Jakarta Ria Angelia Putri; Novi Silvia Hardiany; Erfi Prafiantini
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.0015

Abstract

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is one of the health problems associated with elderly. Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the neurodegenerative process through increased production of free radicals that cause nerve cell damage. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) is a biomarker of oxidative stress produced by lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study is to analyze the association of vitamin E intake and MDA levels with cognitive function among elderly residents of Budi Mulia 1 Nursing Home in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This secondary study employed a cross-sectional design using data derived from a primary study investigating the association between zinc intake, superoxide dismutase activity, and cognitive function among elderly. A total of 85 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Vitamin E intake was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), plasma MDA levels were measured from stored plasma samples, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina). Results: The median age of the participants was 69 years (range: 60–91 years). The median vitamin E intake, plasma MDA level, and cognitive function score were 3.7 mg/day (2.5–3.8), 2.85 nmol/mL (1.88–6.77), and 16 (1–30), respectively. No significant association was found between vitamin E intake and cognitive function (r = 0.027; p = 0.806), nor between plasma MDA levels and cognitive function (r = 0.096; p = 0.380). Conclusion: There was no significant association between vitamin E intake or plasma MDA levels and cognitive function among elderly.
Comparison of WHO global and Asia-Pacific body mass index classifications for screening low birth weight risk among pregnant women in urban Indonesia Mayditania Intan Bunga Pratiwi; Dwiana Ocviyanti; Rima Irwinda; Dian Novita Chandra
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.0012

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal body mass index (BMI) is widely used to identify pregnancies at risk of adverse birth outcomes; however, the optimal BMI classification for Asian populations remains uncertain. This study compared the WHO Global and WHO Asia-Pacific BMI classifications in identifying pregnant women at risk of delivering LBW infants. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted among 729 pregnant women attending 10 primary healthcare centers in Jakarta, Indonesia. Cases comprised 368 women who delivered LBW infants (2,500 g), while 361 women with normal birth weight infants served as controls. Logistic regression models were developed using both BMI classifications and compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Nagelkerke R². Screening performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results: After adjustment for maternal age, preterm delivery, and pregnancy-induced hypertension, both BMI classifications showed comparable predictive performance (WHO Global: AUC=0.646; Asia-Pacific: AUC=0.634). BMI category was not independently associated with LBW in either model. However, using obesity as the screening threshold, the WHO Asia-Pacific classification demonstrated substantially higher sensitivity than the WHO Global classification (49.5% vs. 16.3%), although specificity was lower. Conclusions: Although both BMI classifications showed similar predictive performance, the WHO Asia-Pacific classification identified a substantially greater proportion of women at risk of delivering LBW infants. These findings support the use of population-specific BMI 2 thresholds to strengthen antenatal nutritional screening in Indonesian and other Asian populations.
The Role of Microbiome and Metabolomics in Personalized ICU Nutrition Santiago M. Herrero
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.000i

Abstract

Personalized nutrition in the intensive care unit (ICU) has evolved from traditional caloric replacement strategies toward a multidimensional, biology-driven model that incorporates microbiome ecology and metabolomic signatures. Critical illness induces profound alterations in gut microbial diversity, metabolite production, epithelial integrity, and systemic immune responses, all of which interact with nutritional therapies. Parallel advances in metabolomics offer real-time insight into mitochondrial function, substrate utilization, and catabolic stress, providing a framework for phase-specific nutritional targets. This review synthesizes current evidence on ICU nutrition guidelines, recent randomized trials, and emerging multi-omics science to propose an integrated approach to personalized feeding. Emphasis is placed on early enteral nutrition, avoidance of early overfeeding, moderated protein delivery, and the selective use of supplemental parenteral nutrition, contextualized within microbiome-host metabolic interactions. Preliminary studies suggest that microbiome-guided and metabolomics-informed nutrition could reduce infection risk, optimize metabolic tolerance, and support organ recovery, but clinical translation requires rigorous validation.

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