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INDONESIA
Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
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KAJIAN EFISIENSI UNIT PROTOTYPE PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK BERBASIS KONVERSI SAMPAH PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR TEMPURUNG KELAPA PADA REAKTOR PIROLISIS Zurohaina, Zurohaina
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): KINETIKA 01112018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Based on Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) data declares that the total waste in Indonesia, 2019 will reach 68 million tons and plastic waste is estimated to reach 9.52 million tons or 14% of existing waste total. Indonesia is ranked second in the world production plastic waste into the sea that reached 187.2 million tons after China reach 262.9 million tons. The research is about the process of pyrolysis of plastic waste into liquid fuel with polypropylene as a raw material usage. Pyrolysis process decomposes into shorter hydrocarbon chains. Decomposition occurs due to the thermal energy system provides over the energy that binds to hydrocarbon chain of molecules. Pyrolysis is done in prototype of plastic waste power plant unit using coconut shell as its fuel. Liquid fuels pyrolysis products are then used as a fuel generator to convert into electrical energy with a maximum load of 900 watt. The result of this research is obtained by effiency of cylce is 39.26%.
DIVERSIFIKASI ENERGI BATUBARA MENJADI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DITINJAU DARI TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU PENCAIRAN TERHADAP JUMLAH MINYAK YANG DIHASILKAN Lestari, Sutini Puji
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): KINETIKA 01112018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Energy needs in Indonesia continue to increase from year to year, especially fossil energy. This condition encourages the government to be more creative in managing and utilizing the available energy sources more wisely. Coal is one of the main energy in Indonesia which in its utilization can be a promising alternative energy by being converted to liquid form. The liquefaction process of coal is influenced by various factors of operating conditions. Operating conditions are an important part that affects the process and results of coal liquefaction conversion. The operating conditions consist of temperature, time, and pressure. In coal liquefaction research there are several variables that can be taken, among others, fixed and variable non-fixed. The fixed variable is the ratio of mixture of raw materials and solvent. While the variable is not fixed in the form of time of melting and melting temperature. From the research results obtained the highest oil acquisition at a temperature of 400oC with a melting time of 120 minutes that is equal to 66.72%. the physical properties of the product such as density and spgr approach gasoline but the flash point is still too high that is between 75-78oC
UNJUK KERJA ROTARY DRYER PADA PROSES PENGERINGAN BIJI KOPI Yuliati, Selastia
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): KINETIKA 01112018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The dryingprocess is an important step of drying coffee. At present there are mechanical dryer for drying of coffee, oneof them is a rotary dryer for finned heater, as a heat source.Rotary system in this study was used to dry the coffee beans to a minimum water content of 12%, according to the SNI standard, calculate the thermal drying efficiency, calculate the heat transfer coefficient, and calculate the drying rate. The test parameters in this study were drying temperatures varied from 30 ËšC to 70 ËšC and a drying time of 6.5 hours. The results of this study are the value of thermal efficiency obtained ranged from 68.8 - 79%, with a decrease in water content from coffee beans ranging from 25.2 - 11.98%. The value of the heat transfer coefficient in the rotary dryer device is 390.49 - 481.63 kJ / hour. m2oC. The value of drying rate is 1.75 - 2.06 kg / hour.m2 . From the results of calculations and analysis, the optimal drying temperature to desired SNI standards is found at a drying temperature of 70ËšC with a drying time of 390 minutes. The performance of the rotary dryer is very good with thermal efficiency values above 60%
ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA PROTOTIPE PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO TURBIN PELTON SUMBER DAYA HEAD POTENSIAL Syarif, Aida
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): KINETIKA 01072019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The increase in population has an impact on increasing the demand for electricity in various sectors. Indonesia's geographical conditions with a tropical climate and high rainfall make Indonesia has many water sources that have the potential as a source of renewable electricity such as micro-hydro power. Research on Prototype of Microhydro Power Plant Pelton Turbine of Potential Head Resource laboratory scale by utilizing potential energy of water and using application on Pelton Turbine. There are two types of variables taken, including fixed and not fixed. Fixed variables in the form of flow direction, water volume and penstock cross-sectional area, while the not fixed variable in the form of difference in height and valve opening. Performance Analysis Prototype of Micro Hydro Power Plant uses the basic equations that is applied on the calculation analysis to determine the best performance analysis of the generating power of 9 watts is located at of head 1.8 m by opening full valve or flow rate variation of 140.5 Liter Per Minute with number of 16 blades. The results of optimum performance analysis of the plant are on different altitudes of PLTMH performance shows best performance in different of head 1.4 m by opening valve ½ or 60.8 Liter Per Minute flow rate variation with the result of 20.71%
RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE KONVERSI SAMPAH PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE MENJADI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF CONVERSION POLYPROPYLENE PLASTIC WASTE INTO LIQUID FUEL Tahdid, Tahdid
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): KINETIKA 01072019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

In Indonesia, there is very little waste treatment. Especially plastic waste that is difficult to decompose and difficult to process. Lack of handling of plastic waste and the number of people who use plastic cause the waste is endless. In this study, a prototype design was made to convert plastic waste into liquid fuel. Plastic waste is processed by the pyrolysis process. Plastic waste used is a type of Polypropylene (PP). In the pyrolysis process, plastic waste will be heated in the reactor so that it will produce gas and liquid in the form of oil and wax residues. The product is produced in the pyrolysis process with the raw material of Polyprolylen, which is a liquid fuel whose quality is close to gasoline
REKAYASA PERALATAN UPGRADING BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN NILAI KALOR MENGGUNAKAN OLI SEBAGAI STABILISATOR Aswan, Arizal
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): KINETIKA 01072019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Indonesia has 34.320 million tons of low rank coal in 2015. Low rank coal has total moisture content (surface moisture and inherent moisture) which is about 40%. Upgraded Brown Coal (UBC) is a method of removing moisture content in heated light oil. In this study, the proportion of coal and kerosene being 1:1 with a proportioon of lubricant is 0.5% by weight of the coal. This study aims to determine the most optimal coal particle size and operating condition in the UBC process. The coal before upgrading process is known contain 32.56% of inherent moisture and has calorific value as much as 5,240 cal/gr. After upgrading process there is a significant increase of calorific value on coal 200 mesh which is 8,073.11 cal/gr, and reduction of inherent moisture become 2.16%. The most optimal increasing of calorific value occurs in coal 200 mesh, but this product has a sticky (wet) physical properties because it takes a long time in the drying process.
PROTOTYPE SOLAR CELL BERBASIS TRANSISTOR TIPE MJ15003 MENGGUNAKAN SINGLE AXIS SOLAR TRACKER TERHADAP DAYA YANG DIHASILKAN Fatria, Fatria
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): KINETIKA 01072019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Energy usage is increasing every day with the growth of development in Indonesia. Electrical energy commonly used by the people of Indonesia comes from power plants that use fossil fuels. Sunlight can be electrical energy by using photovoltaic technology. In the discovery of solar energy there are factors that affect power. Surya's panel gets transistor main material MJ15003 as much 96 numbers. The operation of the solar cell depends on various things that will also affect the resulting power including a radiation intensity, titl of inclination and comparison of parallel and series circuit in transistors. On observational based on the radiation intensity is gotten energy big as 4.58–5.14 Watt. In the experiment with the optimum tilt of using single axis solar tracker is 59° and tilt without single axis solar tracker is 50°, obtained power increase in 11.5% of the use solar tracker. Based on the results and calculation of the magnitude of the resources obtained do not much different on the transistor with the order series and parallel circuits. In series with the value of the highest power 3.06 Watt and on a parallel series of 3.05 Watt.
KINERJA ROTARY DRYER PADA PENGERINGAN CHIPS MANIHOT ESCULENTA DALAM PEMBUATAN MOCAF BERDASARKAN VARIASI WAKTU, TEMPERATUR DAN LAJU PENGERINGAN Yerizam, Yerizam
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): KINETIKA 01072019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Rotary Dryer performance in mocaf making process based on time and drying rate variations aims to produce quality cassava with a moisture content of 12%, therefore the formulation of the problem is focused on the right drying rate so as to produce good quality cassava products with water content in accordance with SNI namely 12%. It can be seen that cassava is a strategic commodity sector in Indonesia, but the cassava drying method still uses sunlight because it has a very low cost because sufficient energy from sunlight is available. This method of drying has several drawbacks, such as contamination of material by impurities from the surrounding environment, highly dependent on the weather, a long drying time, a large area of sun drying and the occurrence of rain that causes the material's water content to become unstable. In the process of drying cassava using a rotary dryer, the drying chamber is first flowed hot air with a temperature of 60°C then cassava is inserted at the input, the drying process takes 270 minutes with a cylinder rotation of 3 rpm. During the process several test parameters were measured at each time interval of 60 minutes including measurements of the temperature of the wet ball and the temperature of the dry ball, air rate, sample weight and% water content. The results of these measurements will be used to calculate the drying rate and% water content. From the analysis results obtained a good Drying rate of 2.488070 kg/hour m2 with a water content according to the standard that is 12.5% at 210 minutes
PROTOTIPE ALAT EVAPORATOR VAKUM (EFEKTIVITAS TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU EVAPORASI TERHADAP TEKANAN VAKUM DAN LAJU EVAPORASI PADA PEMBUATAN SIRUP BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.)) Syakdani, Adi
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): KINETIKA 01072019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The prototype of vacuum evaporator unit has a purpose to reduce moisture content of juice by using the minimum temperature at vacuum condition so that the nutritional value of the obtained product will not be vanished. An encountered problem in processing the food products is how to reduce the moisture content. By reducing moisture content, it is able to raise the shelf life of products, avoid the detrimental effect to the unit, and increase the economic value. The syrup is made with the evaporation process at the pressure below the atmospheric pressure subsequently the boiling point of the solvent is decreased. The evaporation process uses vacuum evaporator is done by setting the set point of process control which are the evaporating temperature 50 and 60ËšC within the time of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. The analyzed result shows that the optimum evaporation rate is 0.953 gr vapors/mins with the moisture content of 56.88% at 60ËšC. The operating pressure of this unit is 19 cmHg. In this operating pressure, the boiling point of water is descending so that the evaporation process is safe for the feed which is sensitive to the heat.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR MINYAK KANOLA MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI ADSORPSI DAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI POLIMER Martini, Sri
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): KINETIKA 01072019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Industrial oily wastewater needs treatment before its discharge to open waters or reuse purpose. Membrane filtration as one of the most reliable options for water and wastewater treatment processes can experience fouling problem, reducing its efficiency. This research studies the improvement of polymeric ultra-filtration (UF) membrane performance by integrating membrane filtration with adsorption process using activated carbon to treat raw canola oil wastewater prior to sending it through the membrane system. The results show that pre –treatment process increased the permeate flux by more than 39 % compared to using a stand-alone UF membrane. Additionally, the integrated system resulted in excellent removal efficiencies of oil, total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 97, 100, 98 and 90 %, respectively. The integrated activated carbon – UF membrane system was further investigated under different conditions of pressure (P) (1, 2, 3 bar) and velocity (V) (300, 400, 600 mL/min). Using Hermia’s model, it was assumed that the cake formation model controlled fouling regardless of the applied P and V conditions. The inclusion of the pre-treatment stage is therefore, beneficially important for improving polymeric UF membrane performance for treating industrial oily wastewater as it can increase flux permeate and lengthen membrane lifespan

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