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Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
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PEMANFAATAN HCl dan CaCl2 SEBAGAI ZAT AKTIVATOR DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAHU Hatina, Surya; Komala, Ria; Wahyudi, Randa
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): KINETIKA 01032019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of activated carbon from bagasse with activator subtances HCl and CaCl2 in reducing the parameters of COD and TSS and increasing the DO and PH parameters in the tofu processing waste. The optimum conditions in reducing the COD and TSS parameters and increasing the DO and PH parameters in the tofu processing waste are 12 hours of circulation time with a fixed bed reactor. The results of the study with the use of 0.3 M HCl activator has a better ability than 0.2 M CaCl in reducing COD and TSS values and increasing DO and PH values.The results ofusing activator substances HCL 0.3 M has a better ability than 0.2 M CaCl in reducing COD and TSS values and increasing DO and PH values. The decrease in COD value from 123.7 mg / L to 41.6 mg / L or 66.37%, a decrease in TSS value from 335 mg / L to 103.8 mg / L or 69.1%, an increase in DO value from 1.86 mg / L to 7.6 mg / L or 75.52%, and the increase in pH value from 3.53 to 4.66.
PROTOTYPE PENGERING BAHAN BAKU DAN PRODUK BIOPELET DITINJAU DARI ENERGI H2O YANG TERUAPKAN KE UDARA Lestari, Sutini Pujiastuti; Aswan, Arizal; Sumarna, Herlin
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): KINETIKA 01032019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Energy consumption in Indonesia is still dominated by the use of fossil-based energy, especially petroleum and coal. Therefore, biomass as a renewable energy source is an effort to reduce the use of fossil energy in Indonesia. Biopellet is one of the processing of biomass into solid fuel. In the process stage of making biopellet used dryer. In the prototype of drying machine, the independent variables are variation of raw material mix and fixed variable such as air velocity, drying time, and drying temperature. Based on the results of the research, the H2O concentration was evaporated and the H2O heat in the air was highest in the 60% mixture of wood powder: 40% rice husk. From mass of H2O evaporated equal to 14.84 gr and H2O heat in air equal to 136.506 grcal analyzed moisture content and calorific value of biopelet product. Water content obtained at 6.716% and the calorific value of 5,188.8506 grcal/gr has met the SNI 8021-2014 standard.
PROTOYPE HEAT EXCHANGER TYPE SHELL AND TUBE DITINJAU DARI VARIASI JARAK BAFFLE DAN LAJU ALIR MASSA UDARA PANAS Marawijaya, Gede; ., Tahdid; Trisnaliani, Lety; Purna, Candra
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): KINETIKA 01032019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The use of heat exchangers in the industrial world is very widely used both to reduce or where the temperature is in accordance with the needs of various products. The development of technology and science causes heat exchangers to experience various transformations. In its development, the heat exchanger undergoes a form transformation which aims to improve efficiency in accordance with its work function. The form of heat exchanger that is often used is shell and tube. The process in the heat exchanger type of shell and tube is by flowing the hot fluid in the tube and cold fluid in the shell with the type of cross flow flow. In the heat exchange process of shell and tube type heat exchangers, there are several things that need to be considered to obtain the effectiveness of maximum heat transfer, including the type of fluid, flow rate, temperature, heat transfer rate, pressure drop, shell dimension and tube (pipe), baffle distance, pitch distance, tube arrangement, and material type. The influence of various factors can be seen from the effectiveness and efficiency produced. Effectiveness of the highest heat transfer at variations in baffle distance of 15 cm is 82,13% and the highest efficiency at mass flow rate is 45 kg / hour which is 85,27%.
ANALISA BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK HASIL PIROLISIS SAMPAH PLASTIK JENIS PP DAN PET TERHADAP KINERJA GENERATOR SET PADA PLTSA PLASTIK KAPASITAS 1000 WATT ., Zurohaina; ,, Tahdid; Zikri, Ahmad; Bow, Yohandri; ,, Zulkarnain; sari, Desi Nurmala; Wulandari, Nila; Putra, M. Rizky Adhitya
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): KINETIKA 01032019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Plastic waste and energy is a big problem nowadays especially for big cities. Along with the growing population every year with a diverse community life activities always generate waste every day and energy consumption is increasing high. The limited of energy dependent on fossil energy forces the search for new alternative energy to replace fossil energy. One of the answers to the limitation of fossil energy is the conversion of plastic waste into liquid fuels by pyrolysis technology using plastic raw materials of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP). Which can be used as fuel in motor fuel or generator set to generate electricity in prototype unit of plastic waste generator by using dry coconut shell as Furnace fuel. The purpose of this research is to test the performance of generator sets using light Oil fuels (FRA) and Heavy Oil Fuel (FRB). Liquid fuels pyrolysis products are used as fuel generators to be converted into electrical energy with loads varying to a maximum load at 1000 watts for 10 hours per day. The results of this research obtained the value at the optimal load of 800 watts of electrical current that occurred at 4.37 amperes with 183 volt voltage, 2650 rpm rotation shaft genset, and fuel consumption / hour at 0.803 L / hour.
SIFAT FISIK VULKANISAT KARET DENGAN BAHAN PENGISI VARIASI TANAH LIAT DI BERBAGAI LAPISAN AREA TAMBANG PT. BUKIT ASAM (PERSERO) TBK. Hasan, Abu; Dewi, Erwana; Purnamasari, Indah; Irawan, Dewanda; A.S, Putu Yoga
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): KINETIKA 01032019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

This study aims to study the physical characteristics of vulcanized rubber using various clay fillers from layers in the PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk .. This research was conducted 6 formulas (1,2,3,4,5,6), each variation of clay type INT A2-B1, OBA1, Lower C, INT A1-A2, INT B2-C, INT B1-B2. Then with the same variation carried out the addition of chemicals in the form of JHS-69 and PEG 4000 in each of the 6 formulas as much as 1 phr. The natural rubber used is RSS-1 then rubber is modified and vulcanized along with other process materials in the open mill. Based on the results of the study it has been analyzed that rubber compound number 4 using JH-S69 is better than other rubber compounds, which have a tensile strength value of 17.2 Mpa, elongation at break of 670%, modulus of 300% 4 Mpa, and tear strength 33 kN / m. Whereas the best rubber compound using PEG 4000 is compound number 2 which has a tensile strength value of 16.6 Mpa, elongation at break of 690%, modulus of 300% 2.4 Mpa, and tear strength 28.8 kN / m. From the results of the analysis of the physical properties, the two compounds meet the SNI 0778:2009 standards to be used as shoe soles products.
PEMBUATAN KATALIS HETEROGEN BASA DARI SERBUK KAYU AKASIA Zamhari, Mustain; ., Yuniar; Sari, Dita Indah; Saputri, Nuraldyla Suciaty
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): KINETIKA 01032019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to produce heterogeneous catalyst based on activated carbon as a buffer impregnated with base solution and determine the effect of the concentration of a base solution and impregnation time. The ingredients used include acacia wood sawdust, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), pottasium hydroxide (KOH) and aquadest (H2O). The study begins with the making of activated carbon from acacia wood sawdust by carbonizing the furnace at 500℃ for 4 hours then washing 0.1 M HCl. After that, 15 grams of activated carbon are impregnated in NaOH and KOH with a concentration of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 N for 18, 21 and 24 hours. After the implementation, the catalyst was analyzed by AAS, FTIR and SEM. The best condition that produced the catalyst with the highest content after impregnation, which was 80.92% for NaOH dan 85.63% for KOH, was obtained at a concentration of 5 N for 21 hours. The application of catalysts heterogeneus base in biodiesel was made with a reaction time of 120 minutes at 60℃ and the use of 3% b/b of used cooking oil.
KINERJA SISTEM FILTRASI DALAM MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN TDS, Fe, DAN ORGANIK DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM Kaslum, Leila; ., Anerasari; Zikri, Ahmad; Tanjung, Yesi; Oktavia, Yaya; A, Aulia; ., Lismayani; ., Arinda
KINETIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): KINETIKA 01032019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Clean water has not been able to fully the needs of the community, where there are still a number of people who use well water to fully their water needs.. Well water has high content of Fe and Mn that must give special treatment so that the quality of the water produced can meet standards. The study focused on the design of two-stage filtration equipment. The first stage of filtration uses a multi media filter with the contents of zeolite, silica sand and activated carbon. The second stage of filtration using a micro membrane filter with a pore size of 0.5,0.3 and 0.1 μm. After processing the well water through device designed, the optimum treatment results are obtained at a flow rate of 33 ml / s with a reduction in TDS content of 35%, a reduction in Fe content of 76.19% and a decrease in organic matter content of 78.76%. These three parameters have met the quality standards based on PERMENKES RI No.492 / Per / IV / 2010 with TDS content of 494 mg / l, Fe of 0.01 mg / l and organic matter content of 1.2 mg / l
PRODUKSI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DARI LEMAK SAPI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ZEOLIT DENGAN METODE PIROLISIS Lestari, Sutini Pujiastuti; Aswan, Arizal; Effendy, Sahrul; Febriana, Ida; Ramadhana. S, Safira Eva; Safitri, Widi; Shaskia, Bekka Alta
KINETIKA Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): KINETIKA 01072020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Beef tallow is structurally a monoalkyl ester of long chain fatty acids similar to vegetable oil which are widely used as raw materials for biofuel production. The processing of beef tallow into liquid fuel is from pyrolisis process of the catalytic cracking method with 1%w/w and 5% natural zeolite catalyst. The purpose of this research is to get the best operating condition that produce the largest %yield of liquid fuel with temperature range 280-320oC and time range 60-140 minutes. The result shown that the optimum temperature is 320oC using 5% catalyst with product yield of 12.4206 %. The optimum time operation is 100 Minutes using 5% catalyst with product yield 11.51%Also the best operating condition using 1% catalyst are at temperature of 320°C and 60 minutes with11.86% of yield. Physical character from this research aredensity, kinematic viscosity,and flash point shown that liquid fuel product obtain solar. Chemical compound in liquid fuel of this research are 18.26% of gasoline fraction (C7–C11) and 41.33% of kerosene/diesel (C12–C19) for 1% catalyst and 40.67% of gasoline fraction (C7–C11) and 47.11% of kerosene/diesel (C12–C19) for 5% catalyst.
RANCANG BANGUN TRAY DRYER SISTEM HYBRID (SURYA-HEATER) UNTUK PENGERINGAN IKAN ASIN Yuliati, Selastia; Kalsum, Leila; Junaidi, Robert; HC, Fadarina; Azizah, Roro Rizqi Ramadhani; Utami, Winda Andea; Ningrum, Galuh Martiyah
KINETIKA Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): KINETIKA 01072020
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Abstract

Drying process on salted fish is one of the factors that determine the quality of the products produced. Conventional drying has many weaknesses, namely fluctuating heat, poor hygiene and requires a large enough space and can affect product quality. One of alternatives in drying salted fish is using a hybrid system tray dryer with a solar energy source with additional electrical energy (heater). This study aimed to design a tray dryer with hybrid system (solar-heater), obtained the performanced of the dryer based on drying rate, heat transfer and heat efficiency of the hybrid system tray dryer (solar-heater), and obtained salted fish that met the water content standards based on SNI No. 01-2721- 2009. The treatments varied were drying time of 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes, 240 minutes and 300 minutes and the variations of drying temperature of 60oC, 70oC and 80oC. The results showed that the optimum drying conditions were drying using temperature of 70oC with a drying time of 300 minutes, a moisture content of 31.2%, a drying rate of 0.1492 kg/hour m2, a conduction heat transfer rate is 52.01 J, a convection heat transfer rate is 71.15 J, a radiation heat transfer rate is 0.048 J and heat efficiency of 53.28%.
PENGARUH JUMLAH KATALIS DAN TEMPERATUR PADA PRODUKSI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DARI BAN BEKAS DENGAN METODE PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK Eldwita, Kinia; Lestari, Suci Dwi; Effendy A, Sahrul; ., Fatria
KINETIKA Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): KINETIKA 01072020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Production of the domestic tyre industries in 2019 reached 150,2 million units. With a five-year lifespan for car tire and two-year lifespan for motorcycle tire, it is estimated that millions of used tires are waste and have the potential to damage the environment. Therefore some effort is needed to recycle and convert used tyres to be more useful product. Pyrolysis (catalytic cracking), that is thermal treatment method, can degrade polystyrene which is the constituent material of tyres back into hyrocarbon compounds. This research was conducted to see the effect of temperature and catalyst percentage on liquid fuel that have obtained by using two type of catalysts. From this study it is known that entire samples meet SNI 8220:2017 for diesel fuel 48 where the sample with - Al2O3 catalyst at a temperature of 350 °C gives the best result with density of 0.83204 gram/cm3, viscosity of 3.41908 cSt, and flash point of 62 °C.

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