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Acta Chimica Asiana
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 2550049x     EISSN : 25500503     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Acta Chimica Asiana (online ISSN 2550-0503, print ISSN 2550-049x) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes high-quality original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Significant finding that is insufficient to be presented as comprehensive paper but needs to reach the reader immediately may also be submitted as a short communication. The editors welcome original contributions that have not been published and are not under consideration elsewhere. This journal published by the Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and the University of Mataram. All papers published free of charge. Upon request, language assistance may also be provided to ensure valuable works in chemistry meet their readers. Acta Chimica Asiana is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry, including applied chemistry, and chemical engineering. Subject areas include (but are by no means limited to): 1. Analytical chemistry, including new techniques and instrumentation 2. Biochemistry and medicinal chemistry 3. Inorganic chemistry, including main group, transition metal, and f-block compounds, as well as coordination, organometallic, and solid state chemistry 4. Materials chemistry of hard and soft matter, from the nanoscale upwards 5. Nuclear chemistry and radioactivity 6. Organic chemistry, including synthesis, characterization, and properties of organic compounds, as well as study of organic reactions and their mechanisms 7. Physical chemistry and chemical physics 8. Sustainable, green, and environmental chemistry 9. Theoretical and computational chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 9 no. 1 (2026)" : 12 Documents clear
Extraction and total phenolic content from mistletoe on oil palm (Ficus heteropleura Blume) leaves and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Fhadilla Sahara; Fitra Perdana; Rahmiwati Hilma
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v8i2.247

Abstract

Ficus heteropleura Blume, commonly known as mistletoe, is a semi-parasitic plant frequently found on oil palm plants. This study aimed to evaluate the secondary metabolite content, total phenolic concentration, and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Ficus heteropleura leaves. Extraction was conducted via grade maceration and total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as the standard. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while antioxidant potential was evaluated through the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics with a total phenolic content of 25.500 mg GAE/g. The extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 7.5 to 10.3 mm. The antioxidant activity was classified as very strong with an IC₅₀ value of 0.67 µg/mL, compared to 0.45 µg/mL for ascorbic acid.
New-onset diabetes after covid-19: mechanisms, metabolic implications, and clinical insights Emad Al-Mulla; Baneen Sarhan Al-Bederi; Abtisam Faris Al-Shukry
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.248

Abstract

COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, the impact of COVID-19 is not limited to the lungs only, but rather extends to affect other organs and body systems resulting in other complications that continue during the period of infection or beyond that. New onset diabetes and hyperglycemia is one of the complications of this virus. This study aims to investigate some biomarkers (HbA1c, triglycerides and cholesterol) in group of patients with post covid-19 syndrome and patient with post covid-19 hyperglycemia. Blood samples were withdrawn from 100 (50 controls including 25 males and 25 females and 50 patients including 25 males and 25 females) to investigate HbA1c, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. The result of the present study show that HbA1c significantly increased in PCS males (p.value=0.04) and in PCS females (p.value=0.05) in comparison with control males and control females respectively. The results also show that triglycerides have a significant elevation in PCS males (p.value=0.00) and PCS females(p.value=0.04) in comparison with control males and control females respectively. In the other hand cholesterol was non-significant in both groups. Correlation studies also included and show that there is no significant correlation between HbA1c and other measured parameters. Correlation studies also show that Triglycerides had a strong positive correlation with cholesterol in both PCS groups. Post COVID-19 hyperglycemia is a public health problem in concern and affect the body’s biochemical markers such as HbA1c and triglycerides reflecting their importance in monitoring the overall health in this group of patients.
Development of a Cr(VI) metal ion detection sensor using a modified pencil lead electrode (PLE) with a silver thin layer using the voltammetry method Nella Aulia Putri; Trisna Kumala Sari; Budhi Oktavia; Sherly Kasuma Warda Ningsih
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.251

Abstract

Chromium(VI) metal ions have harmful effects on the environment and organisms. Chromium(VI) particles can cause chromosomal abnormalities, cross-linking, disruption of the cell cycle, and DNA damage within cells. Therefore, due to its high toxicity, it is crucial to monitor the concentration of chromium(VI) metal ions in the environment. This study aims to detect Cr(VI) metal ions in a simple, rapid, and effective manner. Electrochemical methods are employed to investigate the performance of PLE and Ag/PLE electrodes and to determine the optimal conditions for electrodeposition cycles and supporting electrolyte concentrations in detecting Cr(VI) metal ions. The electrochemical method is based on the specific reaction of the analyte, which generates an electrical signal. The PLE surface is modified with a silver thin layer through electrodeposition using cyclic voltammetry. The silver thin layer used for electrode modification offers several advantages, including improved electron transport and enhanced electrocatalytic response. The results indicate that the performance of Ag/PLE is superior to that of PLE in detecting Cr(VI) metal ions under optimal supporting electrolyte conditions, specifically 0.1 M HNO₃ with one electrodeposition cycle. Calibration curve analysis for Cr(VI) ions yielded the regression equation y = 0.6688x + 0.0085, with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9958 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.18 mM.
Safety and termiticidal efficacy of gliricidia sepium leaf extract: dermal irritation and toxicity againts Coptotermes curvignathus Lalu Busyairi Muhsin; Nurul Indriani
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.254

Abstract

The overuse of synthetic insecticides in agriculture and household pest control raises concerns regarding health risks, environmental toxicity, and insect resistance. In Indonesia, about 15% of agricultural and plantation land is affected by pest infestations, with Coptotermes curvignathus recognized as one of the most destructive species due to its wood-boring activity. This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly insecticide using Gliricidia sepium leaf extract, which contains bioactive compounds such as steroids, tannins, and saponins with insecticidal potential. Four formulations were prepared with extract concentrations of 0 g (F0), 0.15 g (F1), 0.3 g (F2), and 0.45 g (F3) in 100 mL solvent. Physicochemical evaluations included pH measurement, stability observation, and homogeneity testing, while safety was assessed through dermal irritation tests on rabbits using the Draize method. Efficacy against termites was evaluated using probit analysis (IBM SPSS v22). Results showed that all formulations were physically stable, homogenous, and exhibited suitable pH values. Irritation testing revealed no erythema or edema, with primary irritation indices below 0.5, classifying the formulations as non-irritating even at low pH values. Insecticidal testing demonstrated complete termite mortality, with the F3 formulation showing the most rapid and potent effect. These findings indicate that G. sepium extract-based formulations are safe, effective, and environmentally friendly, supporting their potential as botanical insecticides to replace synthetic alternatives in sustainable pest management systems.
Photoprotective efficacy and safety evaluation of Syzygium aqueum leaf extract in topical sunscreen formulations Nurul Indriani; Lina Yunita
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.258

Abstract

Abstract:  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental hazard linked to erythema, photoaging, and skin cancers. While synthetic UV filters such as oxybenzone and octinoxate are widely used in commercial sunscreens, their potential for irritation, allergic reactions, and hormonal disruption raises safety concerns. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a sunscreen formulation using Syzygium aqueum (water apple) leaf extract, a plant rich in flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds with antioxidant and UV-absorbing activity. The extract was obtained via maceration with 96% ethanol and incorporated into four cream formulations: a control without extract (F0) and three with 1%, 3%, and 5% concentrations (F1–F3). Physicochemical properties, pH, sun protection factor (SPF), and irritation potential were assessed. All formulations showed uniform consistency without phase separation, with pH values ranging from 6.3 to 6.6, which are suitable for topical application. SPF analysis revealed a concentration-dependent increase, from 7.0 in F0 to 18.0 ± 1.2 in F3, indicating enhanced photoprotective capacity. Irritation testing on  rabbits showed no erythema or edema across all samples, confirming dermatological safety. Overall, the incorporation of S. aqueum extract significantly improved UV-protective activity while maintaining skin compatibility. These findings highlight the potential of S. aqueum as a safe and effective natural sunscreen ingredient and support its application in the development of botanical-based cosmetic products.
Tinjauan Pustaka: Analisis Komposisi Rasa dalam Cairan Elektronik Menggunakan GC-MS dan Potensi Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Pernapasan Shalsa Septia Zulni; Mochammad Yuwono; Rury Eryna Putri; Aghnia Nabila; Rachmadi Azhar Fathoni
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.260

Abstract

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased substantially in recent years as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking. E-liquids, the core component of these devices, are formulated with various flavoring chemicals to enhance user experience. However, these flavoring agents may pose potential health risks when inhaled. This study aims to systematically review the chemical constituents of e-liquid flavorings identified using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, focusing on articles published within the past ten years. The analysis concentrated on identifying chemical compounds present in a range of e-liquid flavors, including vanilla, bubble gum, coffee, tobacco, strawberry, lemon, and cannabis. The findings indicate that e-liquids commonly contain compounds such as vanillin, ethyl maltol, cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and limonene. While these substances are generally recognized for their aromatic and flavor-enhancing properties, several have been associated with adverse respiratory effects. Upon heating, these flavoring compounds undergo thermal degradation, producing harmful carbonyl derivatives such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Both compounds are classified as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Nicotine, frequently present in e-liquids, contributes to addictive behavior and is associated with increased risks of psychological disorders. Additionally, certain studies have reported the presence of diethyl phthalate, likely introduced through contamination from packaging materials. This review highlights the critical need for stricter regulation of flavoring agents in e-liquids to mitigate their potential toxicological impact. Standardized testing and safety evaluations should be mandated prior to product approval. Furthermore, more rigorous scientific investigations are required to assess the long-term health effects of chronic exposure to inhaled flavoring chemicals. The study also underscores the importance of raising public awareness regarding the potential dangers of vaping and supports the development of comprehensive policies to control the chemical composition of e-cigarette products.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) pada Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) Baiq Rani Salsabiella; Lina Permatasari; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah; Metta Octora
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.261

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium and is often the most common cause in people with immunocompromised problems. Infections by this bacterium, especially in patients with impaired immunity, are difficult to treat due to a number of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The polyphenol compound Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) contained in Camellia sinensis L. is known to have antibacterial activity against several bacteria so that it has the potential as an antibiotic to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To obtain this compound, extraction with the right method is needed. In addition, the EGCG was dominant extracted at the ethyl acetate fraction. This study aims to analyze the effect of extraction methods on EGCG content and antibacterial activity (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) of ethyl acetate fractions of green tea leaves (EAFGL). The research design is an experimental laboratory using a true experimental posttest only control group design. Green tea leaf powder was extracted with 96% ethanol using the sonication and maceration methods, then fractionated evenly with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The EGCG content of EAFGL was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antibacterial activity of EAFGL at the concentration 12.5; 50; 100; and 200 mg/mL were carried out using the disc diffusion method. Positive and negative control groups used Aztreonam and 10% DMSO, respectively. The antibacterial activity of EAFGL was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that EAFGL extracted using maceration revealed significantly higher EGCG content (170,97 ±17,51 µg EGCG/mg fraction). The EAFGL at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, obtained through maceration, exhibited the significantly (p<0.05) highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone of 16.7 mm. Therefore, maceration is an appropriate method for extracting green tea leaves, as it can produce optimal EGCG content and antibacterial activity.
Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid Total dalam Ekstrak Etanol Buah Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV–Vis Lalu Ardian Hadi; Rizqa Fersiyana Deccati; Handa Muliasari; Nisa Isneni Hanifa
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.278

Abstract

The local plant, Amomum dealbatum Roxb. (A. dealbatum), is native to Lombok Island. This plant is a member of the Zingiberaceae family, which is recognised to have antifungal and antibacterial properties due to the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids. Nevertheless, there is still little information and few reports regarding the overall flavonoid content of A. dealbatum fruit. As a chemical marker to support an extract’s quality control and pharmacological effects, Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) determination is crucial. The purpose of this work was to use UV-Vis spectrophotometry to measure the TFC in the ethanol extract of A. dealbatum fruit. Using a 1:10 solvent: simplicia ratio and maceration with 96% ethanol, the extraction procedure was completed. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the Wilstatter test were then used to identify the extracted material qualitatively. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a colourimetric approach, TFC was measured. The ethanol extract of A. dealbatum fruit contained flavonoids, as indicated by the qualitative analysis. The TFC values were 3.0833 ± 0.1439 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g extract and 0.4858 ± 0.0014 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract. These findings suggest that the ethanol extract of A. dealbatum contains more flavonoid glycosides than flavonoid aglycones. This finding shows potential for further development. As this study is still limited to TFC at the extract level, further research on TFC at the fraction, sub-fraction, and isolate levels is needed to obtain more specific information about the active compounds contributing to its biological activities. In addition, further pharmacological testing is required to confirm the therapeutic potential of A. dealbatum and support its development as a candidate raw material for traditional medicine industries.
In silico comparative study of substituted xanthone derivatives with hydrazone, ester, and ether groups as antituberculosis agents M. Ibnu Sabil; Anggi Wilian Namira; Naufalika Dzahabiyyaa; Diah Miftahul Aini; Emmy Yuanita
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.281

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly due to the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The discovery of novel antituberculosis agents with new mechanisms of action is therefore urgently needed. Xanthone derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their broad range of biological activities, including antibacterial and antituberculosis effects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of xanthone derivatives as inhibitors of serine/threonine protein kinase (PknG) of M. tuberculosis through an in silico molecular docking approach. The crystal structure of the target protein (PDB ID: 4Y0X) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank and prepared using Chimera and Discovery Studio. Ligand structures were designed and optimized using ChemDraw, HyperChem, and GaussView, and molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina. The binding interactions were analyzed using LigPlot+ to identify key amino acid residues involved in ligand–protein interactions. The docking results showed that Hydrazone-Xhantone exhibited the highest binding affinity toward PknG as a value of –8.9 kcal/mol, which was slightly better than native ligand (–8.8 kcal/mol). Hydrazone-Xhantone formed stable hydrogen bonds with key active site residues, including SER106, GLY131, and ASP191, with bond lengths ranging from 2.06 to 2.16 Å. Other candidates showed lower binding affinities and fewer stabilizing interactions. The results indicate that Hydrazone-Xhantone has promising potential as a PknG inhibitor and may serve as a lead compound for further antituberculosis drug development. This study highlights the usefulness of molecular docking as a preliminary screening tool in the rational design of new antituberculosis agents.
Systematic literature review on slow/ controlled release fertilizers (SCRF) material: fabrication methods, characteristics, nutrient release, and crop yield effects Suci Setia Crise Manullang; Fitri Khoerunnisa
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.283

Abstract

Slow/controlled-release fertilizers (SCRF) are increasingly adopted to improve nutrient-use efficiency and reduce environmental losses amid fertilizer price volatility and sustainability demands. This systematic literature review synthesizes recent SCRF evidence by linking fabrication methods, material characteristics, nutrient release behavior, and agronomic outcomes. A structured search was conducted in ScienceDirect for open-access English research articles published between 2021–2025, focusing on urea-based SCRF that reported material composition/characterization, nutrient release profiles, soil indicators, and/or crop productivity. Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The SCRFs were grouped into five material classes: synthetic polymers, natural/biobased polymers, biochar-based composites, inorganic minerals, and inhibitor/multifunctional systems. Fabrication was dominated by coating/encapsulation and blending to form core–shell granules (common in synthetic polymers), while polymerization, cross-linking, and casting frequently produced hydrogels or porous 3D networks (typical of biopolymers). Across studies, surface chemistry (hydrophobic versus hydrophilic functional groups) and coating integrity governed water ingress and release mechanisms (diffusion-barrier release versus swelling/degradation-assisted release), yet mechanical and swelling reporting remained inconsistent. Overall, SCRF improved crop yields relative to conventional fertilizers, with reported gains ranging from 1.47% to over 100% depending on material type, crop, and trial conditions. Key trade-offs persist between long-duration release precision, cost, and biodegradability, and cross-study comparison is limited by non-uniform biodegradation tests. Several papers assessed nitrogen-use efficiency and soil indicators (e.g., leaching or gaseous losses), but protocols and reporting units varied. Incorporating inhibitors or mineral fillers can further extend release, yet may increase persistence risks and complicate environmental fate assessment. Future work should standardize performance metrics and develop hybrid designs that balance release control, durability, and environmental fate.

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