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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017" : 7 Documents clear
KEEFEKTIFAN Trichoderma sp. DAN Fusarium NON PATOGENIK DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PUCUK VANILI BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN / Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium to Environmentally Control Vanilla Shoot Rot Disease Efi Taufiq; Hasim Hasim; Bonny PW Soekarno; M. Surahman
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1885.086 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.18-25

Abstract

Vanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment  was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016.   The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M)  and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each.  The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF  reduced  the disease severity of VSR   3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control.   The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period.  Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent. AbstrakPenyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting vanili yang  berpotensi mengurangi  produksi  vanili di Indonesia.  Penyakit  BPV di Indonesia umumnya merusak pembibitan, namun akibat perubahan iklim yang ekstrim, serangan penyakit BPV pada tanaman vanili dewasa di kebun mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium non patogenik (FusNP) dalam mengendalikan penyakit BPV di kebun vanili. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi mulai November 2015 - Juli 2016. Pengujian residu fungisida sintetik dilakukan di Laboratorium Residu Bahan Agrokimia Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Laladon Bogor. Penelitian terdiri atas lima perlakuan yaitu pemberian substrat Trichoderma sp. (T), penyemprotan suspensi konidia FusNP (F), kombinasi Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP (TF),  fungisida sintetik mancozeb (M) dan kontrol (K). Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah gejala dan keparahan penyakit, curah hujan, dan residu fungisida sintetik. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Tukey pada selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP cukup efektif mengendalikan penyakit BPV di lapangan, setara dengan keefektifan fungisida sintetik yaitu kejadian penyakit berkisar 2 - 5%, sedangkan kontrol mencapai 32%. Perkembangan penyakit BPV dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, semakin tinggi curah hujan semakin tinggi intensitas serangan penyakit BPV. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik secara intensif menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan berupa residu pestisida pada daun, buah, dan tanah rizosfer vanili..Kata kunci: busuk pucuk vanili, Phytophthora. capsici, agens hayati. ABSTRACTVanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment  was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016.   The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M)  and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each.  The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF  reduced  the disease severity of VSR   3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control.   The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period.  Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent.
EFISIENSI MEDIA KULTUR DAN APLIKASI TEMPORARY IMMERSION SYSTEM PADA EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK KOPI ARABIKA / Efficiency of Culture Media and Aplication Temporary Immersion Systemon on Somatic Embryogenesis Arabica Coffee Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; RR. Sri Hartati; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Agus Purwito; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1305.331 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.45-54

Abstract

In vitro culture requires sucrose as carbon source and seaweed gel for condensing media.  The price of sucrose and agar were quite expensive, causing difficulties in plant propagation using somatic embryogenesis technique. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility to utilize sugar and commercial agar in somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee. The study was conducted in the Agricultural Superior Seed Development Unit, Indonesian Center Estate Crops Research and Development from May 2013 to June 2015.The first stage, calli were transferred into regeneration  medium with tested added sucrose 35 g L-1+phytagel 2.5g L-1, and sugar 35 g L-1 +(phytagel 2.5 g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). In the second one, torpedo stage embryos transfered into media germination with examined sucrose 40 g L-1+ phytagel (2.5g L-1or 1.5g L-1), sugar40 g L-1 + (phytagel 2.5g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). The third stage,torpedos transferred into Temporary Immersion System (RITA), treatment examined sucrose and sugar.Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design with 10, 20 and 3 replication. The first stage, results showed  sugar and commercial agar couldnot substitute sucrose and phytagel on regeneration media because it can reduce calli fresh weight and number of somatic embryos. The germination stage, sugar + phytagel (2.5 and 1.5 g L-1) can still be recommended, but not for sugar + commercial agar. Sugarin RITA may be used because had no significant effect on all parameters observed.Key words : Coffea  arabika L., somatic embryogenesis, sugar, commercial agar, RITA. AbstrakPerkembangan dan pertumbuhan embriogenesis somatik memerlukan sukrosa sebagai sumber karbon, dan agar untuk memadatkan media. Harga sukrosa dan phytagel yang mahal merupakan kendala dalam perbanyakan tanaman menggunakan teknik embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan penggunaan gula pasir dan agar komersial dalam embriogenesis somatik kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Unit Pengembangan Benih Unggul Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Indonesia dari Mei 2013 sampai Juni 2015. Tahap pertama, kalus disubkultur pada media regenerasi. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 35 g L-1 +  phytagel2,5 g L-1dan gula pasir 35 g L-1 + (phytagel 2,5 g L-1atau agar komersial  9 g L-1). Tahap kedua, embrio fase torpedo disubkultur pada media perkecambahan. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 40 g L-1 + phytagel (2,5 g L-1 atau 1,5 g L-1),dan gula pasir 40 g L-1  + (phytagel 2,5  g L-1atau agar komersial 9 g L-1). Tahap ketiga adalah subkultur torpedo ke Temporary Immersion System (RITA). Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah pemberian sukrosa dan gula pasir. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10, 20 dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula pasir dan agar komersial tidak dapat menggantikan sukrosa dan phytagel pada media regenerasi kalus kopi Arabika karena dapat menurunkan bobot basah kalus dan jumlah embrio somatik. Pada media perkecambahan pemberian gula pasir + phytagel  (2,5 dan 1,5 g L-1) masih dapat direkomendasikan, tetapi tidak untuk  penggunaan gula pasir + agar komersial. Pemakaian gula pasir pada RITA dapat digunakan karena tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata untuk semua peubah yang diamati.Kata kunci : Agar komersial, Coffea arabika L., embriogensis somatik, gula pasir, RITA 
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU CERUTU BESUKI NO / Effect of Compound Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Besuki NO Cigar Tobacco Djajadi Djajadi; Sulis Nur Hidayati
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.26-35

Abstract

Farmers of Besuki NO cigar tobacco use single fertilizer of ZA or Urea (as a source of N-ammonium), and SP36 (as source of P) in excessive rates which may increase cost of fertilizing and reduce tobacco quality. The experiment which was carried out at Ampel village, District of Wuluhan, Jember in 2015 had an objective to quantify the effect of NPK compound fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of Besuki NO cigar tobacco. Treatments were packages of fertilizing which include source of compound fertilizer (NPK, KNO3, and KS) and frequency of fertilizer addition (3 and 4 times). The research used Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments of fertilizer package and they were repeated three times. As much 8 treatments of fertilizer packages were compared with farmer’s fertilizer package (650 kg Urea + 25 kg SP36 +100 kg ZA +200 kg KS with 4 times application). Results showed that the highest fresh yield of cigar tobacco (19,6 tons/ha) was produced by farmer’s package. However, the high dried leaves (2,5 ton/ha) and crop index (69,75) were yielded by tobacco with 250 kg NPK + 100 kg Urea + 200 kg ZA + 150 kg KS + 100 kg KNO3 per hectare which were applied 3 times.Keywords: NPK fertilizer, cigar tobacco, yield, grade index, crop indexAbstrakPada umumnya petani tembakau cerutu Besuki NO memberikan pupuk dengan dosis dan waktu pemberian berlebihan dengan jenis pupuk N-amonium, sehingga menyebabkan bertambahnya biaya pupuk dan penurunan mutu tembakau. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Desa Ampel Kecamatan Wuluhan, Jember pada musim tanam 2015 ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh paket pupuk majemuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu tembakau cerutu Besuki NO. Penelitian didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 9 perlakuan paket pemupukan yang diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan paket pemupukan meliputi sumber pupuk majemuk NPK, KNO3, dan KS, dikombinasikan dengan frekuensi pemupukan sebanyak 3 dan 4 kali, sehingga diperoleh 8 paket pemupukan, yang dibandingkan dengan paket pemupukan petani (650 kg Urea + 25 kg SP36 +100 kg ZA +200 kg KS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan paket dosis petani (650 kg Urea + 25 kg SP36 +100 kg ZA +200 kg KS per hektar diberikan 4 kali menghasilkan produksi basah tertinggi (19,6 ton/ha). Namun demikian hasil tertinggi produksi kering (2,5 ton/ha) dan indeks tanaman (69,75) diperlihatkan oleh tembakau yang dipupuk dengan 250 kg NPK + 100 kg Urea + 200 kg ZA + 150 kg KS + 100 kg KNO3 per hektar dengan frekuensi pemberian 3 kali, yaitu saat tembakau berumur 3, 15, dan 30 hari setelah tanam.Kata kunci: pupuk majemuk, tembakau cerutu, produksi, indeks mutu, indeks tanaman
PERAN HYDRAULIC LIFT JA MBU METE PADA PEMELIHARAAN LENGAS TANAH DAN STATUS AIR JAGUNG SAAT KEKERINGAN / The Role of Cashew Hydraulic Lift in Maintaining Soil Moisture and Water Status of Maize under Drought Condition Joko Pitono; Nur Maslahah; Setiawan Setiawan
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.55-62

Abstract

Hydraulic lift (HL) plants are reported to share water to other plants during drought period. Our previous study found cashew had HL capability, however it was still unclear for sharing water. This study was carried out at the greenhouse of Cimanggu from May to November 2016, to evaluate whether the cashew HL could share water during drought period and its effect on maintaining soil moisture, leaf water potential, transpiration, and photosynthesis of maize. The cashew variety, B-02 and maize variety, Lamuru, planted side by side in the special designed pots, and setted in three conditions, i.e. full irrigation (B), drought without cashew HL access (K), and drought with cashew HL access (H). All of the treated plants were setted in a randomized block design with nine replicates. The results showed the cashew HL could share water to themaize. During the advanced drought periods, the soil moisture of maize was maintained higher ± 2.5% compared to it without access of cashew HL. It promoted water status of maize to be better at 8th day after drought treatment, with decrease of leaf water potential, transpiration, and photosynthesis respectively just about 30%, 36% and 32% of the values on the well irrigated condition. However, those decreased values reached 40%, 70% and 57% for the maize without cashew HL access. This study showed the cashew HL quite effectively induced the sharing water to the maize during drought periods, and alleviated the worse effects of drought stress, so that the maize could maintain a good soil moisture and tissue water status.Keywords: cashew, hydraulic lifts, sharing water, leaf water potential,maize AbstrakTanaman hydraulic lift (HL) dilaporkan dapat memasok air pada tanaman lain di sekitarnya saat periode kekeringan. Hasil studi sebelumnya menunjukkan jambu mete memiliki kemampuan HL, namun belum diketahui potensi pasokan airnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di komplek rumah kaca Cimanggu antara Mei-November 2016 dengan tujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan pasokan air dari hydraulic lift jambu mete pada periode kekeringan dan efeknya terhadap status air jaringan jagung yang tumbuh di sekitarnya. Jambu mete varietas B-02 dan jagung varietas Lamuru ditanam berdampingan pada pot dengan desain khusus, yang diatur dalam tiga kondisi perlakuan, yakni selalu berkecukupan air (B), kekeringan tanpa ada akses HL jambu mete (K), dan kekeringan dengan akses HL jambu mete (H). Ketiga perlakuan kondisi tanaman tersebut ditempatkan di rumah kaca dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan HL jambu mete dapat memasok air pada jagung, sehingga pada periode kekeringan tingkat lanjut, lengas tanahnya menjadi lebih tinggi ± 2,5% dibandingkan jagung tanpa akses HL jambu mete. Adanya pasokan air tersebut menyebabkan status air jaringan jagung selama periode kekeringan menjadi lebih baik dengan tingkat penurunan nilai dari kondisi kecukupan air pada potensial air daun, transpirasi, dan fotosintesis berturut-turut hanya sekitar 30%, 36%, dan 32%, dibandingkan penurunan nilai tersebut pada kondisi tanpa akses HL jambu mete yang mencapai 40%, 70%, dan 66%. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan pasokan air pada jagung oleh HL jambu mete cukup efektif pada periode kekeringan, dan membantu meringankan efek stres kekeringan pada jagung sehingga dapat memelihara status air jaringannya tetap baik.
PENGARUH PENGELOLAAN FAKTOR INTERNAL USAHATANI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS LADA DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG / The Effect of Internal Farming Management Factors on The Pepper Productivity in Lampung Province Robet Asnawi; . Zahara; Ratna Wylis Arief
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.1-10

Abstract

Area and pepper production in Lampung were decreased from time to time and potential to become extinct if it isn’t immediate treatment seriously. The study were to analyze the effect of internal factors of farming management on pepper productivity in Lampung Province which is expected to provide benefits for preparing pepper development policy in the future. The study was conducted in North Lampung, East Lampung, and Way Kanan regency, from January to December 2014. The study used survey methods and interview with structured questionaire with sample of 180 people which are stratified by: a) farmers who have planted pepper but he is not planting pepper anymore; b) farmers growing pepper with conventional  technology introduction; and c) farmers who plant pepper with recommendations technology package of  IAARD. The results showed that technically of internal pepper farm management factors that affect on pepper production in Lampung is acreage, NPK Phonska, SP36 fertilization, and application of pepper monoculture cropping. Efforts to increase pepper production in Lampung could be achieved through the addition of pepper acreage supported with intensive handling pepper plants through cultivation technology properly such as NPK Phonska fertilization, SP36 fertilization, and the application of pepper monoculture cropping. The development of a relatively good price of pepper last two years should be a momentum for the revival pepper in Lampung. Support technological innovation needs to be improved through the assistance and support on the implementation of SOP accompanied by an increase farmers' access to production inputs especially fertilizer.Keywords: pepper, technical factor, socioeconomic factor, productivityAbstrakLuas area dan produksi lada di Provinsi Lampung terus berkurang dari tahun ke tahun dan terancam punah jika tidak segera dilakukan penanganan secara serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengelolaan faktor internal usahatani terhadap produktivitas lada di Provinsi Lampung yang diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat dalam penyusunan kebijakan pengembangan lada ke depan . Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Lampung Utara, Lampung Timur, dan Way Kanan, mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2014. Kajian ini menggunakan metode survei dan wawancara dengan bantuan kuisioner terstruktur dengan jumlah petani sampel 180 orang yang distratifikasi berdasarkan: a) petani yang pernah menanam lada tetapi saat ini tidak lagi menanam lada; b). petani yang menanam lada dengan introduksi t eknologi minimal (konvensional dan seadanya); dan c) petani lada yang menanam lada dengan rekomendasi paket teknologi Badan Litbang Pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan faktor internal usahatani lada yang mempengaruhi produksi lada di Lampung adalah luas areal, pemupukan NPK Phonska, pemupukan SP36, dan penerapan pola tanam lada monokultur. Upaya peningkatan produksi lada di Lampung dapat ditempuh melalui penambahan luas areal lada yang didukung dengan penanganan intensif melalui penerapan teknologi budidaya dengan benar seperti pemupukan NPK Phonska, SP36, dan penerapan pola tanam lada monokultur. Perkembangan harga lada yang relatif baik pada dua tahun terakhir dapat dijadikan momentum untuk kebangkitan kembali perladaan di Lampung. Dukungan inovasi teknologi perlu ditingkatkan melalui pendampingan dan pengawalan penerapan SOP disertai peningkatan akses petani terhadap input produksi terutama ketersediaan pupuk.Kata kunci: lada, faktor teknis, sosial-ekonomi, produktivitas 
IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV) ASAL TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin) / Molecular Identification of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) Miftakhurohmah Miftakhurohmah; I Dewa Nyoman Nyana; Tri Asmira Damayanti; Rita Noveriza
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.11-17

Abstract

Mosaic disease on Indonesian patchouli associated with infection of TeMV, BBWV2, CymMV and CMV. TeMV, BBWV2 and CymMV has been identified molecularly, while CMV just was detected serologically. The objective of this study was to identify CMV from patchouli by molecular approach based on CP gene nucleotide sequence Leaf samples were collected from three mosaic symptomatic patchouli plants in greenhouse of Balittro. Leaf samples were extracted for the total nucleic acids (RNA + DNA). Nucleic acids were amplified using specific primer for CP gene of CMV by one step RT-PCR technique. The DNA of PCR product with the size of ~ 650 bp was directly sequenced and analyzed for its homology with sequences of CMV isolates extracted from Gene Bank. CMV CP gene from patchouli showed the highest of nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities, 97,1 and 97,7% respectively, with um Japanese isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that CMV from patchouli was closely related with um-Japanese isolate with 100% bootstrap value, and clustered with another CMV isolates in subgroup IB. Since the CMV subgroup I was more virulent than subgroup, it is necessary to increase the awareness of the CMV occurrence in another plant.Key words : homology analysis, phylogeny tree, nucleotides, amino acid AbstrakPenyakit mosaik pada tanaman nilam di Indonesia berasosiasi dengan infeksi Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) dan Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). TeMV, BBWV2 dan CymMV sudah diidentifikasi secara molekuler, sedangkan CMV baru terdeteksi secara serologi. Karakte risasi molekuler setiap virus diperlukan sebagai salah satu dasar pengambilan tindakan pengendalian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi CMV asal tanaman nilam secara molekuler berdasarkan sekuen nukleotida gen CP. Tiga sampel daun nilam bergejala terinfeksi virus diambil dari koleksi tanaman nilam di rumah kaca Balittro. Sampel daun diekstraksi asam nukleat totalnya  (RNA+DNA). Asam nukleat total diamplifikasi dengan teknik one step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-CR) menggunakan primer spesifik gen coat protein (CP) CMV. Produk PCR berukuran 650 pb (pasang basa) dirunut sekuen nukleotidanya serta dianalisis homologi dan hubungan filogenetikanya dengan sekuen isolat-isolat CMV yang ada di GenBank. Sekuen nukleotida dan asam amino gen CP CMV asal nilam menunjukkan persentase kemiripan terbesar (97,1 dan 97,7%) dengan isolat um -Jepang. Analisis filogeni menunjukkan bahwa CMV asal nilam berkerabat sangat dekat dengan CMV isolat um-Jepang dengan nilai bootstrap 100%, dan berada dalam satu kelompok dengan isolat-isolat CMV subgrup IB. Keberadaan CMV subgrup IB pada tanaman nilam perlu diwaspadai karena subgrup I lebih virulen dibandingkan subgrup II. Penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama karakterisasi molekuler CMV nilam, baik di Indonesia maupun di luar negeri, yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu dasar pengambilan tindakan pengendalian.Kata kunci: analisis homologi, pohon filogeni, nukleotida, asam amino
PENGELOMPOKKAN SEPULUH VARIETAS TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum) BERDASARKAN KERAGAMAN RUNUTAN BASA PARSIAL GEN PMT(PUTRESCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE) Clustering of ten tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) varieties based on the partial PMT (putrescine N-methyltranfera Sesanti Basuki; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.36-44

Abstract

PMT gene is the gene encoded putrescine N-methiltransferase which is related to nicotine biosinthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana  tabacum). Ten tobacco varieties with different nicotine level were used inthis study. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze thepartial PMT gene sequence diversity among ten tobacco varieties, and (2) to evaluate the closed-relationship amongten tobacco varieties based on their partialPMT gene sequences diversity.Sequence diversity was analyzed by multiple sequence alignment between the partialPMT gene sequence of the ten tobacco varietiesand Ntpmt_Sindoro1 sequence deposited in the NCBI gene-bank database.The phylogenetic relationship amongthe sequences was inferred by genetic distancebetween pairs of sequences using the pairwise and multiple sequence alignment analysis. Analysis of the sequences showed that all varieties analyzed had varied in size and number of the PMT gene fragments yielded. The analysis also revealed that thepartialPMT gene sequencesarecoming from the same ancestor which related to nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. Phylogenetic analysis separated the partialPMT gene sequences into two different branches significantly (bootstrap value = 100), and clustered together based on tobacco types with different nicotine level in whichcould be due to some baseschanged on the specific sites of thePMT gene sequences.  This information could be used to study the relationship between some bases changed on the specific sites of thePMT gene sequences and the nicotine content variation yielded by the ten tobacco varieties that is happened during evolution time.Key words: Clustering analysis, PMT gene, nicotine, Nicotiana tabacum AbstrakGen PMT adalah gen penyandi enzim putresina N-metiltransferase (PMT) yang berperan dalam lintasan biosintesis nikotin pada tanaman tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). Sepuluh varietas tembakau yang memiliki perbedaan tingkat kadar nikotin diuji untuk mempelajari: (1) keragaman runutan basa parsial gen PMT dari masing-masing varietas, dan (2) kekerabatan antara sepuluh varietas tembakau yang diuji berdasarkan keragaman runutan basa parsial gen PMT. Keragaman runutan basa dianalisis dengan mensejajarkan data runutan basa dari sepuluh varietas tembakau yang diuji dengan runutan basa dari Ntpmt_Sindoro1 (JQ438825) yang telah tersimpan dalam database genbank NCBI. Hasil pensejajaran digunakan untuk menghitung matriks jarak, yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan diantara sepuluh varietas tembakau. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan adanya variasi ukuran dan jumlah runutan basaparsial gen PMT asal sepuluh varietas tembakau yang dianalisis. Hasil analisis juga memperlihatkan bahwa runutan basa parsial gen PMT tersebut berasal/diturunkan dari sumber (ancestor) yang sama dan  terkait dengan biosintesis nikotin pada tembakau. Runutan basaparsial gen PMT dari sepuluh varietas yang dianalisis memisahkan antara kelompok tembakau introduksi (kadar nikotin rendah-sedang) dengan kelompok tembakau lokal (kadar nikotin sedang-tinggi). Dua kelompok memisah berdasarkan level kadar nikotin, danperbedaan/perubahan susunan basa pada situs-situs tertentu dari runutan basaparsial gen PMT  yang dianalisis. Informasi tentang mutasi yang terjadi pada situs-situs runutan basa dari parsial gen PMT dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari keterkaitan antara perubahan basa pada fragmen gen PMT dengan kandungan nikotin total tembakau yang terjadi selama proses evolusi.Kata kunci: Analisis pengelompokkan, gen PMT,Nikotin, Nicotiana tabacum 

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