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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENGARUH EKSTRAK SERBUK BIJI MIMBA TERHADAP KONSERVASI MUSUH ALAMI DAN POPULASI Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER PADA TANAMAN KAPAS DWI ADI SUNARTO; . NURINDAH; . SUJAK
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.89-95

Abstract

Musuh alami dalam konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) merupakan kekuatan alami yang diharapkan dapat bekerja untuk mengen¬ dalikan serangga hama. Musuh alami akan mampu mengendalikan hama apabila sepcnuhnya mendapat kesempatan untuk bcrkembangbiak dan dukungan untuk berperan secara optimal sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik serangga hama. Untuk mendapatkan kesempatan tersebut, perlu didukung dengan tindakan konservasi. Penggunaan insektisida botani serbuk biji mimba (SBM) yang aman terhadap musuh alami diharapkan dapat mengkonservasi musuh alami. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh SBM terhadap musuh alami dan efektivitasnya dalam menekan populasi Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. pada tanaman kapas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP. Asembagus pada bulan Desember 1999 sampai dengan Mei 2000. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) penyemprotan dengan insektisida botani serbuk biji mimba (SBM) konsentrasi 20 g/l air, (2) penyemprotan dengan insektisida sintetis betasifultrin (ISB) konsentrasi 1.5 ml/1 air. Masing- masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 8 kali. Ukuran petak untuk masing- masing perlakuan pada setiap ulangan 25 x 30 m. Penyemprotan SBM maupun IBS dilakukan secara bcrkala sebelum pengamatan populasi hama dan musuh alami mulai 41 hingga 86 hari setelah tanam (hst) dengan selang waktu 5 hari (10 kali penyemprotan). Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 5 hari, sejak tanaman berumur 40 hingga 100 hsl. Variabel yang diamati adalah populasi musuh alami (parasitoid dan predator), populasi ulat dan larva penggerek buah // armigera, kerusakan badan buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Insektisida botani SBM dapat mengkonservasi musuh alami terutama predator dan menekan populasi penggerek buah H. armigera pada tanaman kapas. Perbedaan penekanan populasi predator yang disebabkan oleh perlakuan ISB dibanding SBM rata-rata 25%. Parasitisasi telur dan larva H. armigera pada kedua perlakuan tidak berbeda dengan tingkat parasitisasi tertinggi mencapai 63% oleh parasitoid telur Trichogrammatoidea armigera dan 25% oleh parasitoid larva Eriborus argenteopilosus dan Carcelia illola. Efektivitas SBM dalam menekan populasi hama tidak berbeda dengan efektivitas ISB. Populasi larva //. armigera rata-rata 0.95 ekor pada perlakuan SBM dan 1.5 ekor pada perlakuan ISB per 10 tanaman. Tingkat kerusakan buah pada kedua perlakuan kurang dari 10% dengan produktivitas hasil kapas berbiji 1 921 kg/ha pada perlakuan SBM dan 1 838 kg/ha pada perlakuan ISB. Dengan demikian, maka SBM layak digunakan sebagai substitusi ISB.Katakunci: Gossypium hirsutum L, Azadirachla indica A. Jussieu, insektisida botani, konservasi musuh alami, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. ABSTRACT The effect of neem seed powder extract on natural enemy conservation and population of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on cottonIn IPM concept, natural enemies are expected to act as natural power in controlling the pests. They will eonlrol the pests when they are in an encouraging environment. Conservation is possible to build such environment. The use of botanical insecticide, extract of neem seed powder (NSP), which is relatively save for natural enemies could be expected for conservation. The objective of this research was to test the effects of NSP extract on Helicoverpa armigera and its natural enemies. The research was carried out at Asembagus Research Station from December 1999 to May 2000. The treatments applied were: NSP spray (NSP) versus betasifultrin chemical insecticide spray (BCI); designed in 8 replicates. The plot size was 25 m x 30 m. Both NSP and BCI were applied every 5 days since 41 days ater planting (dap) to 86 dap (10 sprays). Variables observed were the population of natural enemies (parasitoids and predators), H. armigera (eggs and larvae), damaged bolls and seed cotton production. The results showed that NSP did not have any adversary effects on parasitoids and predators on cotton, but it does on // armigera so that it could be functioned for natural enemy conservation Average suppression on predator population by BCI was higher 25% than thai of NSP. However, egg and larvae parasitism on BCI and NSP were not significantly different. The highest parasitism level was 63% and 25% by egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea armigera and larvae parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus and Carcelia illola, respectively. The effectiveness of BCI on H. armigera larvae was not significant with NSP. Larvae population was 0.95 larvae/10 plants and 1.5 larvae/10 plants on BCI and NSP, respectively. Fruit damage on both treatments was less than 10% and seed cotton productivity was 1 921 kg/ha and I 838 kg/ha on NSP and BCI, respectively. Therefore, NSP could be used as BCI substitution.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum L, Azadirachla indica A. Jussieu. botanical insecticides, natural enemy conservation, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn
PERTUMBUHAN BENIH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PADA MEDIA TANAM KOMBINASI ANTARA GAMBUT, TANAH LAPISAN ATAS DAN ARANG SEKAM PADI DI PEMBIBITAN AWAL/The Growth of Oil Palm Seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) on Combinated Media of Peat, Topsoil an Marlin Sefrila; Lucy Robiartini B.; Astuti Kurnianingsih; Ilham Setiawan S.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 25, No 1 (2019): Juni, 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v25n1.2019.31-36

Abstract

Growth medium is very important to produce good quality of seedling. The use of different growing media would give a different influence on plant colonization, as each medium type has different nutrient content.  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the growth of oil palm seedlings in a variety of growing media composition in pre-nursery. The research was carried out in smallholder estate of Keramasan Karyajaya Village, Kertapati Sub district of South Sumatra from September 2017 until December 2017. The design used was completely randomized design with growing media (M) as treatments: M0 (topsoil/controls), M1 (peat), M2 (topsoil+rice husk charcoal), M3 (peat + rice husk charcoal), M4 (topsoil+peat+rice husk charcoal). The observed variables were plant height number of leaves, greenness of leaves, and the number of survival seeds. The results of this study showed that growth media significantly affected plant height and the greenness of leaves. The percentage of oil palm seeds growing on peat media increase about 13% compared to the top soil medium. So, peat moss media can be used as an alternative media to replace the top soil media.Key words: topsoil, peat, rice husk charcoal, oil palm, pre-nursery AbstrakMedia pembibitan sangat penting dalam menghasilkan bibit yang berkualitas baik. Penggunaan media tanam yang berbeda-beda diduga akan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, karena setiap jenis media tanam memiliki kandungan unsur hara yang berbeda.  Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi pertumbuhan benih kelapa sawit pada berbagai komposisi media tanam di pembibitan awal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan rakyat Desa Keramasan Karyajaya, Kecamatan Kertapati, Sumatera Selatan dari bulan September 2017 sampai Desember 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan media tanam (M): M0 (Tanah lapisan atas/kontrol), M1 (Gambut), M2 (Tanah lapisan atas+arang sekam padi), M3 (Gambut+arang sekam padi), M4 (Tanah lapisan atas+gambut+arang sekam padi). Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, tingkat kehijauan daun, dan jumlah benih yang hidup.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan tingkat kehijauan. Persentase tumbuh benih kelapa sawit pada media gambut naik sekitar 13% jika dibandingkan dengan media tanah lapisan atas, sehingga media gambut dapat digunakan sebagi media alternatif untuk menggantikan media tanah lapisan atas.Kata kunci: Tanah lapisan atas, gambut, arang sekam padi, kelapa sawit, pembibitan awal
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN DAN PEMANGKASAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, STATUS HARA, DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN HANDEULEUM (Graphtophyllum pictum (L) Griff.) MUHAMAD DJAZULI; RATNA FATHAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 2 (1999): September, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n2.1999.70-73

Abstract

Effect offertilizer and pruning on growth, nutrient status, and productivity of caricature plant (Graphtophyllum pictum (L) Grif.)Information on the effect of fertilizer and top cutting application on growth, nutient uptake, and productivity of caricatue plant (Graphtophyllum pictum (L) GrifT.) was limited. Increasing demand for that crop in the future as traditional medicine should be back up by applicable agronomical informations of caicature plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and pruning applications on growth, nutrient uptake, and productivity of caricature plant. The pot trial was conducted at the Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops from August 1997 to January 1998. A randomized block design was arranged with two factors and 3 replications. Each treatment consisted of 5 plants. The irst factor consisted of three shoot cutting periods . (I) control; (2) 2 months ater planting (MAP) and (3) 4 MAP. The second factor was 6 fertilizer combinations: (1)-N, -P, -K, and manue (M); (2) -N, +P +K. and +M; (3) . +N, -P, +K, and +M; (4) +N, +P, -K, and +M; (5) +N, +P, +K, and -M; (6) +N, +P, +K, and +M, respectively. It was consideed that there were significant interaction between fertilizer and pruning applications, especially on the gowth and productivity of caricatue plant. Application of NPK and manue impoved plant productivity and nutrient status. Pruning treatments wee able to increase leaves fresh weight signiicantly. The highest productivity of caicatue plant was found at the combination teatment of pruning and N, K, Manue fertilizer applications. Theefore, the optimal growth and productivity could be achieved by early pruning and fertilizer application, especially manure.
EKOBIOLOGI NEMATODA HAWAR DAUN (Aphelenchoides fragariae) PADA TANAMAN SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata) SETYOWATI RETNO DJIWANTI; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.95-101

Abstract

ABSTRAKNematoda hawar daun (Aphelenchoides fragariae) merupakan salahsatu kendala dalam budidaya tanaman obat sambiloto (Andrographispaniculata). Informasi tentang perilaku dan cara pengendalian nematodapada tanaman sambiloto masih sangat terbatas. Dalam rangka mencari carapengendalian nematoda yang efektif, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui ekobiologi nematoda tersebut seperti kisaran inang, sumberinokulum, dan pestisida. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium, rumah kaca,dan kebun percobaan Balittro pada tahun 2006-2008. Studi kisaran inangalami dilakukan dengan mengamati karakteristik gejala khas penyakit,ekstraksi, dan karakterisasi morfologi nematoda dari sampel daun-daungulma yang tumbuh di pembibitan dan pertanaman sambiloto. Studi sum-ber penularan nematoda dilakukan dengan metode bioassay, yaitu denganmengamati gejala hawar daun dan jenis nematoda pada bibit sambilotoyang ditanam pada beberapa macam media tumbuh (tanah steril dicampurdengan beberapa macam jenis bahan organik seperti pupuk kandang,kompos, pupuk organik, dan potongan daun-daun sambiloto sakit).Sedangkan studi sensitivitas nematoda terhadap pestisida sintetik dannabati dilakukan di rumah kaca dan di lapang. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa 6 jenis gulma, yaitu babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides),pulus hayam (Acalypha lanceolata), calincing (Oxalys sepium), gulmaBorreria sp., gulma daun sirih (Lindernia sp.), dan paku (Pleocnemia sp.)merupakan inang pengganti nematoda A. fragariae. Bahan organik sepertipupuk kandang dan serasah daun sambiloto sakit dalam tanah merupakansumber penting inokulum A. fragariae, tetapi penyebaran utama penyakitterjadi melalui bibit terinfeksi dan kontak fisik antara daun sakit dengandaun sehat. Perkembangan penyakit hawar daun berlangsung selama 2-4minggu setelah infeksi pertama. Senyawa karbofuran (2-5 g/tanaman),CNSL (cashew nut shell liquid) (0,5-1,0%), tepung (10,0-15,0 g/tanaman),dan ekstrak biji mimba (0,5-1,0%) efektif menekan populasi A. fragariae.Penanaman bibit sehat, sanitasi kebun, penggunaan pupuk kandang yangbenar-benar matang, dan aplikasi pestisida merupakan faktor pentingdalam pengendalian penyakit hawar daun nematoda pada sambiloto.Kata kunci: Andrographis paniculata, sambiloto, nematoda hawar daun,Aphelenchoides fragariae, ekobiologiABSTRACTBioecology of Leaf Blotch Nematode (Aphelenchoidesfragariae) on King of Bitter Plant (Andrographispaniculata)Leaf blotch nematode (Aphelenchoides fragariae) is one of the mostimportant constrains on cultivation of king of bitter plant (Andrographispaniculata). Information on the bioecology and control method of thenematode is still limited. In relation to finding an effective control methodof the nematode, this study aimed to evaluate several bioecological factorsof the nematode, such as its host range, inoculums source, and sensitivityof the nematode to several chemicals. The studies were conducted inlaboratory, green house, and experimental station of the IndonesianMedicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute in 2006-2008. Naturalhost range of the nematode was studied by examining the typical diseasesymptoms on leaves of several weeds grown in the nursery and field of theking of bitter plants, followed with extraction and morphologicalexamination of nematodes. Infection source of the nematode was carriedout by bioassay method using healthy king of bitter seedlings grown onsoil planting medium incorporated with suspected infection sources suchas animal manure, compost, organic fertilizer, and diseased leaf cutting ofthe plants. Sensitivity of the nematode to several pesticides (carbofuran,neem seed powder, neem seed extract, and cashew nut shell liquid) wasconducted in the green house and field. The results showed that six weedssuch as Ageratum conyzoides, Acalypha lanceolata, Oxalys sepium,Borreria sp., Lindernia sp., and Pleocnemia sp. grown in the nursery andfield of king of bitter plantation were infected with the nematode; thereforethese plants are natural alternate hosts of A. fragariae. Organic animalmanure and infected fallen leaves of the king of bitter were importantsources of inoculums of A. fragariae, however, main spread of the diseasewas through infected seedlings and direct contact between healthy andinfected leaves. Leaf blotch disease development occurred 2-4 weeks afterfirst infection. Chemicals such as carbofuran (2-5 g/plant), cashew nutshell liquid (0.5-1.0%), neem seed powder (10.0-15.0 g/plant) and extract(0.5-1.0%) were effectively suppressed the nematode. Planting disease-free seedlings, sanitation, and application of well-decomposed animalmanure and certain chemical pesticides are important factors to control theleaf blotch nematode on king of bitter plant.Key words: Andrographis paniculata, king of bitter, leaf blotchnematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae, bioecology.
PENGARUH METODE APLIKASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN NEMATODA PELUKA AKAR (Pratylenchus brachyurus ) PADA TANAMAN NILAM RITA HARNI; IKA MUSTIKA; SUPRAMANA SUPRAMANA; ABDUL MUNIF
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.161-165

Abstract

ABSTRAKBakteri endofit adalah salah satu agen antagonis yang akhir-akhirini banyak digunakan sebagai pengendalian biologi nematoda parasittanaman. Pada tanaman nilam nematoda Pratylenchus brachyurus merupa-kan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode aplikasi bakteri endofit yangeffisien untuk menekan nematoda P. brachyurus pada tanaman nilam.Penelitian telah dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Balai PenelitianTanaman Rempah dan Obat dan Laboratorium Nematologi DepartemenProteksi Tanaman IPB, dari Januari sampai dengan Juli 2005. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertamaadalah metode aplikasi (siram dan rendam), faktor kedua adalah jenisisolat (NJ2, NJ25, NJ41, NJ46, NJ57, NA22, ERB21, ES32, E26). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi nematoda dipengaruhi olehadanya interaksi antara metode aplikasi dan isolat bakteri yang digunakan,sedangkan berat tajuk, panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman hanya dipengaruhioleh jenis bakteri. Isolat Bacillus NA22, Bacillus NJ46 dan Bacillus NJ2dengan metode perendaman akar mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggidalam menekan populasi P. brachyurus yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 75%,63% dan 60%. Semua isolat yang digunakan dapat meningkatkan berattajuk, panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman.Kata kunci: Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, penyakit tanaman, pengendalianbiologi, bakteri endofit, nematoda, Pratylenchus brachyurus,Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of application method of endophytic bacteria onroot lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) onpatchouliEndophytic bacteria is one of the important agents recently usedfor controlling plant parasitic nematodes. P. brachyurus is one of thefactors affecting the productivity of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)in Indonesia. The objectives of the research were to find out an efficientapplication method of endophytic bacteria to reduce P. brachyurus onpatchouli. The research was conducted in the Nematology Laboratory,Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University and in theLaboratory and Greenhouse of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal CropsResearch Institute, from January to July 2005. The research usedrandomized complete design with two factors, the first factor wasapplication method (drencing and deeping), the second factor was bacteriaisolates (NJ2, NJ25, NJ41, NJ46, NJ57, NA22, ERB21, ES32, E26). Theresults showed that the population of nematode was affected by theinteraction between bacterial isolates and application method. While shootweight, root length and plant height were affected by bacterial isolates.Bacillus NA22, Bacillus NJ46 and Bacillus NJ2 applicated by deeping theroot into bacterial suspension significantly gave good result in reducing P.brachyurus, i.e. 75%, 63% and 60%. All bacterial isolates increased shootweight, root length.Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, plant disease, biologicalcontrol, endophytic bacteria, nematode, Pratylenchusbrachyurus, West Java
PENGARUH ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH DAN PUPUK PELENGKAP CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI RAMI DI WONOSOBO ADJI SASTROSUPADI; BUDI SANTOSO; . DJUMALI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2003): Maret, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n1.2003.4-10

Abstract

Tanaman rami (Boehmeria nivea) dipanen setiap dua bulan, sehingga hara yang tcrangkut melalui panen cukup besar. Untuk itu dilakukan percobaan pembeian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) dan pupuk pelengkap cair (PPC) yang dimulai pada bulan April 2001. Ixikasi percobaan di Desa Sedayu, Sapuran, Kab. Wonosobo pada jenis tanah latosol coklat dan tipe iklim Bl Tujuan penelitian untuk mengctahui/mempelajai pengaruh /.PT dan PPC serta kombinasinya dalam memacu pertumbuhan vegetatif klon Pujon 10 dan Jawa Timur. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan Perlakuan petak utama terdiri atas macam klon rami. yaitu Pujon 10 dan Jawa Timur, sedangkan anak petak berupa pembeian ZPT, PPC. dan ZPT ' PPC tcrdii atas scmbilan macam yang meliputi : (1) 60 N + 20 P,Oj * 60 KjO ' 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi, (2) 60 N • 20 P20, • 60 KjO - 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi • ZPT 1 (kons 1 ml/1), (3) 60 N • 20 PjO, + 60 K20 > 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi • ZPT 2 (0 5 ml/I); (4) 60 N * 20 P20, ♦ 60 KjO ♦ 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi * PPC 1 (3 g/l); (5) 60 N • 20 P20, - 60 K20 t 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi • PPC 2 (0.65 gl); (6) 60 N < 20 P205 + 60 K20 + 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi ♦ ZPT 1 + PPC I, (7) 60 N + 20 P2Os + 60 K20 r 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi t ZPT1 + PPC 2, (8) 60 N - 20 P2O5 * 60 KjO 1 10 ion pupuk kandang sapi + ZPT 2 + PPC 1 dan, (9) 60 N + 20 P2Oj + 60 K20 t 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi + ZPT 2 l- PPC 2. Ukuran petak 3 6 m x 6 m, jarak tanam 60 cm x 40 cm. Hap lubang ditanam satu stck rhi/.om panjang 8 cm Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pembeian ZPT 1 * PPC 2 dan ZPT 2 * PPC 2 dengan pemupukan NPK melalui lanah dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan hasil serat dibanding dengan pemupukan melalui tanah saja. Peningkatan hasil serat panen II • III masing-masing mencapai 58% (dari 565 2 kg/ha tanpa ZPT - PPC menjadi 895.0 kg/ha) dan 61% (dai 565.2 kg/ha tanpa ZPT + PPC menjadi 908.5 kg/ha). Potensi hasil klon Pujon 10 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan klon Jawa Timur.Kata kunci : Boehmeria nivea, ZPT, PPC, pupuk kandang ABSTRACT Effect of growth regulators and liquid fertilizers on the growth and yield of ramie in WonosoboCrop removal of ramie plant it very high because it is harvested every 60 days A ield experiment was carried out at Sedayu, Sapuran, Wonosobo since April 2001. Ihe type of soil and climate was brown latosol and Bl respectively. The objective of the expeiment was to study effect of plant regulators, liquid fertilizers (PPC), and its combinations on accelarating vegetative growth on two clones of ramie. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replicatins The main plots were two clones of ramie (Pujon 10 and Jawa Timur) and the sub plots were nine treatments consist of plant regulators, liquid fertilizer, and its combination were tried as sub treatment (I) 60 N > 20 P2Oj » 60 K20 + 10 tons manure of cow waste; (2) 60 N * 20 P2Os * 60 K20 I 10 tons manure of cow + ZPT I (kons I ml/1); (3) 60 N « 20 P2Os • 60 KjO * 10 tons manure of cow + ZPT 2 (0.5 ml/1); (4) 60 N + 20 P2Os * 60 KjO I 10 ions manure of cow + PPC 1 (3 g/l); (5) 60 N + 20 P20, + 60 K20 + 10 ions manure of cow < PPC 2 (0 65 g/l); (6) 60 N > 20 P2Oj I 60 K20 * 10 tons manure of cow • ZPT 1 1 PPC I. (7) 60 N * 20 PjO, ♦ 60 KjO + 10 Ions manure of cow ♦ ZPT I * PPC 2, (8) 60 N ♦ 20 P20, ► 60 K20 + 10 tons manure of cow ♦ ZPT 2 • PPC I, and, (9) 60 N ♦ 20 P2Os i 60 K20 ♦ 10 tons manure of cow ♦ ZPT 2 + PPC 2. The plot size was 3.6 m x 6 m, wih 60 cm x 40 cm of plant spacing, and one rhizome of 8 cm length per hole. Results showed that aplication of ZPT I ♦ PPC 2 and ZPT 2 t PPC 2 with NPK fertilizers increase vegetatif growth and yield of iber. The total harvest II t III increased by 58% and 61% respectively. Potential yield of Pujon 10 was higher than Jawa Timur.Key words : Boehmeria nivea, growth regulators, liquid fertilizer, cow manure
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DAN TITIK IMPAS USAHATANI JAHE PUTIH BESAR (JPB) PANEN MUDA DI SUMEDANG / Fertilization Effect on Productivity and Break-Event Point of Young Big White Ginger Farming System in Sumedang Ermiati Ermiati
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 4 (2016): Desember, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n4.2016.197-207

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the effect of fertilizer NPK on the productivity, break event point and farmer’s income from young big white gingger (YBWG) (harvested at 6 months old) productivity. The study was conducted at Ganjarresik, Wado, Sumedang, West Java (701-1000 m asl) in April 2016, by use all of farmer which cultivate YBWG in Cakrabuana hill side as respondent. The farm productivity was measured based on output per unit area while the break event point (BEP) determined by BEP production and BEP prices. The analysis showed that productivity of farming system YBWG harvested at NPK 15:15:15 was 10.065 kg/ harvest/year was lower than BEP production = 12.762 kg/harvest/year, ginger price at harvesting time in location was also still lower than BEP price = Rp 2.155/kg, there fore, farming system was deficit Rp 4,584.900/harvest/year. Productivity of farming system YBWG harvested treatment NPK 16;16;16 was 32% higher than productivity YBWG from NPK 15:15:15 treatment, with the same price, there fore, farming system of YBWG harvested was still deficit but, it was relatively small (Rp 360.000,-/harvest/ha) only 8% from NPK 15:15:15 treatment deficit. Based on productivity and price at harvesting time, indicated that farming system harvested YBWG donot yet given profit. Beside, fertlizer price factor determined BEP and income of YBWG farming in Sumedang district.Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc, fertilization, productivity, young harvesting, break event point and income AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan NPK terhadap produktivitas, titik impas dan pendapatan usahatani JPB panen muda (umur 6 bulan). Penelitian dilakukan di Ganjarresik,Wado, Sumedang (701 – 1000 m dpl), April 2016 dengan responden seluruh petani yang melakukan usahatani JPB panen muda di lereng bukit Cakrabuana. Produktivitas usahatani dihitung berdasarkan produksi per satuan luas, sedangkan titik impas menggunakan indikator BEP produksi dan BEP harga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan produktivitas usahatani JPB panen muda yang menerapkan NPK 15:15:15, sebanyak 10.065 kg/panen/ha masih di bawah BEP produksi = 12.762 kg/panen/ha, demikian juga harga yang berlaku di lokasi penelitian (Rp 1.700,-/kg) masih di bawah BEP harga = Rp 2.155,-/kg, sehingga usahatani rugi sebesar Rp 4.584.900,-/panen/ha. Adapun produktivitas usahatani JPB panen muda yang menerapkan NPK 16:16:16, 32% lebih tinggi dari produktivitas JPB yang menerapkan NPK 15:15:15 dengan harga yang sama tapi kerugian relatif lebih kecil (Rp 360.000/panen/ha atau 8%) dari total kerugian yang menerapkan NPK 15:15:15. Berdasarkan produktivitas dan harga yang berlaku di lokasi penelitian, mencerminkan bahwa usahatani JPB panen muda belum memberikan manfaat finansial bagi petani. Selain pemupukan, faktor harga sangat menentukan BEP dan pendapatan usahatani JPB panen muda di Kabupaten Sumedang.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc, pemupukan, produktivitas, panen muda, titik impas dan pendapatan
KORELASI ANTARA AGRESIVITAS INOKULUM SPORANGIA DENGAN TOKSISITAS FILTRAT Phytophthora capsici ASAL TANAMAN LADA (Piper nigrum L.) CHAERANI CHAERANI; DYAH MANOHARA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 4 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n4.2012.173-182

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenggunaan varietas lada tahan penyakit paling praktis dan efektifuntuk menekan serangan Phytophthora capsici, penyebab penyakit busukpangkal batang (BPB) lada, tetapi varietas lada tersebut belum tersedia.Seleksi dini ketahanan lada dapat dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakaninokulum sporangia atau filtrat biakan P. capsici. Tujuan penelitian iniialah membandingkan agresivitas inokulum sporangia dengan toksisitasfiltrat biakan (FB) P. capsici. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampaiSeptember 2009 di laboratorium Biokimia BB Biogen dan Hama danPenyakit Balittro. Penelitian menggunakan 50 isolat P. capsici dariberbagai daerah pertanaman lada yang diisolasi tahun 1982 sampai 2009.Daun-daun lada yang diambil dari varietas Natar-1 (agak tahan terhadap P.capsici) dan Petaling-1 (rentan terhadap P. capsici) diinokulasi denganpotongan agar mengandung sporangia atau 20 µl FB P. capsici. Percobaandilakukan secara faktorial (2 varietas × 50 isolat) dengan rancangan acakkelompok dan tiga ulangan. Derajat agresivitas isolat dan toksisitas FBdiukur berdasarkan luas bercak nekrotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa agresivitas inokulum sporangia dan toksisitas FB bervariasi antarisolat P. capsici. Bercak nekrotik yang disebabkan oleh inokulumsporangia lebih luas (0,0–2.535,2 mm 2 ) dibandingkan dengan FB (0,7–233,0 mm 2 ). Derajat agresivitas isolat dan toksisitas FB sangat dipengaruhioleh asal isolat (P<0,0001), tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh varietas daninteraksi isolat×varietas (P>0,05). Derajat ketahanan pada varietas tahanNatar-1 diduga tidak berbasis genetik dan tidak berbeda nyata dari varietasrentan Petaling-1 sehingga kedua metode seleksi ketahanan tidak dapatdibedakan keefektifannya. Luas bercak nekrotik yang diinduksi oleh FBtidak berkorelasi nyata dengan yang ditimbulkan oleh inokulum sporangia(R 2 =0,002; P>0,05), sehingga secara umum FB P. capsici tidak dapatdigunakan sebagai standar pengujian ketahanan lada. Oleh karena itumasih perlu dikembangkan metode inokulasi yang konsisten untuk seleksidini ketahanan lada.Kata kunci: lada, penyakit busuk pangkal batang, Phytophthora capsici,agresivitas, filtrat biakan, seleksi diniABSTRACTResistant varieties are the most practical and effective means tocontrol Phytophthora capsici, the pathogen of foot rot disease of blackpepper. However, no resistant cultivars are available. Early selection ofblack pepper resistance can be performed in laboratory using P. capsiciinocula or culture filtrate. The objective of this study was to compare P.capsici isolate aggressiveness with culture filtrate (CF) toxicity. The studywas conducted from June until September 2009 at the BiochemistryLaboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agriculutral Biotechnology andGenetic Resources Research and Development and the Plant Pest andDisease Laboratory of the Indonesian Research Institute of Spice andMedicinal Crops. The study used 50 P. capsici isolates collected fromvarious black pepper plantations during 1982 until 2009. Detached leavesof two black pepper cultivars, i.e. moderately resistant cv. Natar-1 andsusceptible cv. Petaling-1, were inoculated with agar blocks containingsporangia or 20 µl CF of P. capsici. The experiments were designed asfactorial experiments (2 cultivars × 50 isolates) under a randomizedcompletely block design. Isolate aggressiveness and CF toxicity weremeasured based on the necrotic area of the inoculated leaves. The resultsfrom the two inoculation methods showed varying levels of aggressivenessand CF toxicity among isolates. Necrotic lesions incited by sporangialinoculum were more extensive (0.0-2,535.2 mm 2 ) than those induced byCF (0.7-233.0 mm 2 ). Degree of isolate aggressiveness and CF toxicitywere significantly affected by origins of isolate (P<0.0001), but not bycultivar and isolate×cultivar interaction (P>0.05). Resistance degree in themoderately resistant cv. Natar-1 was presumably not genetically based andwas not different to that in the susceptible cv. Petaling-1, and hence bothselecting agents were unable to discriminate resistance level between thetwo cultivars. Necrotic sizes induced by CF did not well correlate withthose incited by sporangial inocula (R 2 =0.002; P>0.05), indicating that CFis generally not suitable to be used as early selection agent of resistantplants. Therefore, further study is justified to find more reliable inoculationmethod for early detection of resistant black pepper.Key words: black pepper, foot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici,aggressiveness, culture filtrate, early selection in laboratory
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BIBIT TEBU G3 KULTUR JARINGAN VARIETAS PS 862 PADA PERLAKUAN JARAK TANAM DAN PUPUK KANDANG / The Production of Tissue Culture Cane Seed G3 PS862 Variety on Plant Spacing and Cow Manure Application Sumanto Sumanto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 2 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n2.2016.99-106

Abstract

Methods for increasing cane seed stock i.e by using hormones, tissue culture, fertilization, plant spacing, seed types, and organic fertilizer were used. Plant spacing is one factor to obtain optimal growth and plant production. Organic fertilizer can increase soil fertility, chemical fertilizer efficiency, and soil organic matter. Research conducted at the Experimental Station Sukamulya, Sukabumi, on Latosol. The aims of the experiment were to study the influence of plant spacing and manure on production G3 cane seed from tissue culture. Randomized complete block design were used, consisted of two factors, first factor was plant spacing, consisted of five levels. The second factor was manure doses, consisted of four levels. The parameters observed were number of stalks, number of leaves, stalk weight and diameter, number of bud and sprouted bud per clump. Production cane seed are affected by plant spacing. The highest number of stalks (4,2 stalks/clump), number of bud (57,60 buds/clum), and number of sprouted bud/clump (39,71 buds/clump) obtained by plant spacing of 110 cm x 40 cm. As well as manure application significantly affected production of seed cane, application of 9 tonnes/ha provides the highest number of sprouted bud/clump (41,34 sprouted buds/clump) gave significantly from the other treatments. Plant spacing and manure provide significantly interaction the content of N and P content in leaves. Application of manure 6 tonnes/ha at plant spacing of 120 cm x 40 cm provides the highest content of N and P in leaves, 1.47% and 0.16% respectively. The highest K content obtained at plant spacing of 100 cm x 40 cm by application of manure 6 tonnes/ha.
MODEL PENDUGAAN KANDUNGAN AIR, LEMAK DAN ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA TIGA PROVENAN BIJI JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI INFRAMERAH DEKAT DENGAN METODE PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (PLS) LADY C. E. CH. LENGKEY; I WAYAN BUDIASTRA; KUDANG B. SEMINAR; BAMBANG S. PURWOKO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 4 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n4.2013.203-211

Abstract

ABSTRAKJarak pagar berpotensi sebagai sumber biodiesel karena kandunganlemak yang tinggi (>40%) dan belum ada penggunaan lainnya.Spektroskopi (Near Infrared) NIR adalah metode yang cepat untukmengukur spektrum sampel dan tidak terdapat limbah kimia. Tujuanpenelitian adalah mengembangkan metode pendugaan komposisi kimiabeberapa  provenan  jarak  pagar  berdasarkan  spektroskopi  NIRmenggunakan kalibrasi PLS. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan tigaprovenan jarak pagar yaitu IP-3A, IP-3M, dan IP-3P masing-masing 85sampel. Spektrum reflektansi diukur menggunakan alat NIRFlex SolidsPetri pada panjang gelombang 1000–2500 nm. Sekitar ⅔ jumlah sampeldigunakan untuk mengembangkan persamaan kalibrasi dan ⅓ jumlahsampel untuk validasi. Pra perlakuan data spektrum dilakukan dengannormalisasi antara 0-1, turunan pertama Savitzky-Golay 9 titik dangabungan keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektroskopi NIRdapat menduga kadar air, lemak, dan asam lemak bebas . Koefisienkorelasi (r) antara komponen kimia metode acuan dengan dugaan NIR>0,83 menunjukkan ketepatan model cukup baik (r kadar air=0,96, r kadarlemak=0,92, dan r ALB=0,89 ). Konsistensi model kalibrasi kadarair=94,85%, lemak=82,56%, dan ALB=87,80%. Koefisien keragamandugaan (Prediction Coeficient Variability/PCV) ketiga model <10%menunjukkan model yang dibangun cukup handal. Ratio of standard errorprediction to deviation (RPD) menunjukkan metode spektroskopi NIRdapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar air (RPD=3,30) dan lemak(RPD=2,06). Model-model yang dikembangkan secara umum layakuntuk menentukan kadar air dan lemak biji jarak pagar, tetapi belumoptimal untuk penentuan kadar ALB biji jarak pagar.Kata kunci: NIR , jarak pagar, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar asam lemakbebasABSTRACTPhysic nut is a potential source of biodiesel. It is high in fat content,above 40% and has not been usesed for other purposes. Moisture, free fattyacid, and fat content are the chemical compounds and determinant factorfor physic nut seed quality. The objective of this study was to develop amethod to predict chemical composition of physic nut by NIRspectroscopy and PLS calibration. The study was conducted using threeprovenances of physic nut, i.e. IP-3A, IP-3M, and IP-3P, with 85 sampleseach. The wavelengths of near infrared reflectance ranged from 1000 to2500 nm, and measured by NIR Flex Solids Petri Apparatus.Approximately ⅔ of total samples were used for developing calibrationequation, while ⅓ of total samples for performing validation. Pre-treatmentof spectrum data was done by applying normalization, first derivative ofSavitzky–Golay 9 points, and as well as their combination. The resultsshowed that NIR spectroscopy performed acceptable prediction formoisture and fat content. Correlation coefficients (r) between the referencemethod and NIR prediction were 0.96 for moisture content, 0.92 for fatcontent, and 0.89 for FFA and the consistency of the model were 94.85%for moisture content, 82.56% for fat, and 87.80% for FFA. Prediction ofcoefficient of variability (PCV) of the three models ≤10 % shows that themodels are reliable. Ratio of standard error prediction to deviation (RPD)for moisture content has the potential to be used for screening (RPD=3.30)though the fat content model has rough screening (RPD=2.06).Key words: NIR, physic nut, moisture, fat, free fatty acid contents.

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