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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PARAMETER KEHIDUPAN DAN DEMOGRAFI KEPIK, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) PADA DUA VARIETAS LADA I WAYAN LABA; AUNU RAUF; UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO; M. SOEHARDJAN M. SOEHARDJAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 3 (2006): SEPTEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n3.2006.121-127

Abstract

ABSTRAKKepik renda lada (KRL), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae) adalah salah satu hama pada pertanaman lada di Indonesia.Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan berbagai parameter kehidupandan demografi KRL pada dua varietas lada. Pengaruh varietas ladaterhadap parameter kehidupan dan demografi KRL diteliti di rumah kasadan pertanaman lada di Pulau Bangka, sejak Oktober 2003 hingga Februari2004. Penelitian mencakup pengaruh varietas Chunuk dan LDL terhadapmasa perkembangan telur dan nimfa, lama hidup imago jantan dan betina,serta keperidian. Selain itu juga diteliti pengaruh fase bunga, pucuk daun,dan buah muda terhadap lama hidup imago. Pengaruh varietas terhadapberbagai parameter demografi KRL dipelajari dengan memelihara kepikdari sejak telur hingga imago yang muncul meletakkan telur kembali.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan varietas mempengaruhiberbagai parameter kehidupan KRL. Lama perkembangan nimfa 17,3 dan13,0 hari, lama hidup imago jantan 10,2 dan 18,8 hari, lama hidup imagobetina 13,6 dan 16,9 hari, keperidian 13,9 dan 24,5 butir, berturut-turutpada varietas Chunuk dan LDL. Imago KRL hidup lebih lama pada bungafase-3 dibandingkan pada bunga fase-1 atau-2. Laju pertambahan intrinsik(r) 0,0741 dan 0,0827; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 6,98 dan 8,52, masagenerasi (T) 26,21 dan 25,91; laju pertambahan terbatas (λ) 1,0769 dan1,0862 berturut-turut pada varietas Chunuk dan LDL. Secara keseluruhan,varietas LDL lebih mendukung kehidupan dan perkembangan populasi D.hewetti. Jika tidak tersedia bunga lada KRL mampu bertahan hidup denganmengisap pucuk daun dan buah muda. Lama hidup imago 12,1 hari dan23,5 hari pada buah muda. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalahinformasi dasar dalam penelitian untuk pengendalian KRL.Kata kunci: Lada, Piper nigrum L., hama, kepik renda lada, Diconocorishewetti, parameter kehidupan, demografi, Propinsi BangkaBelitungABSTRACTLife parameters and demographic of bug peper laceDiconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on twopepper varietiesPepper lace bug (PLB), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae), is one of the insect pests attacking pepper in Indonesia.Research was conducted with the objective to compare various life historyand demographic parameters of PLB on two pepper varieties. The effectof two pepper varieties on various life parameters and demographic ofPLB was conducted in green house and farmer field on Bangka Island,since October 2003 to February 2004. The experiment covered the effectof LDL and Chunuk varieties on eggs and nymphal development, maleand female adults longivity and fecundity. Besides the effect ofdevelopment stage on inflorescence, shoots and young berries to adultslongivity were observed. The effect of varieties to demographic parametersof PLB was studied by rearing the bugs since egg to adult laid eggs. Theresult revealed that difference variety was influenced life history anddemographic parameters of PLB. Nymphal development time of PLB were17.3 and 13.0 days, male adult longivity 10.2 and 18.8 days, female adultlongivity 13.6 and 16.9 days, fecundity 13.9 and 24.5 eggs per female,respectively on Chunuk and LDL. The life history of PLB adult was longeron stage-3 inflorescences than stage-1 or stage-2. The intrinsic rates ofincrease (r) were 0.0741 and 0.0827, net reproductive rate (Ro) 6.98 and8.52, mean generation time (T) 26.21 and 25.91 days, finite rate ofincrease  (λ)  1.0769  and  1.0862  on  Chunuk  and  LDLrespectively.Generally, variety LDL was much better food source for thedevelopment of D. hewetti. If there were no inflorescences available, thePLB was able to survive by feeding on shoots or young berries. Adultlongivity was 12.1 days on shoots and 23.5 days on young berries. Theimplication of this research is as the basic information in the next researchfor PLB control.Key words : Pepper, Piper nigrum L., pest, lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti,life parameters, demographic, Bangka Belitung Province
EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN DAN DAYA HASIL BERBAGAI KLON NILAM ASAL KULTUR JARINGAN . HOBIR; DELIAH SESWITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 4 (2002): Desember, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.117-120

Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan daya hasil dari berbagai klom nilam dievatuasi di KP. Cimanggu (Bogor) dari tahun 1999 - 2000. Dua puluh dua klon nilam yang berasal dai kultur kalus yang diradiasi dengan sinar gamma, 1 klon kontrol (asal kultur mata tunas) serta 3 klon pembanding (Klon TT, Sdk dan Crt) ditanam dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 50 cm. Percobaan dirancang secara acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Luas petak adalah 10 m2 yang memuat 20 tanaman. Parameter yang digunakan adalah sifat- sifat morfologi, yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah dan panjang cabang, jumlah daun per cabang, panjang dan lebar daun serta komponen hasil, yang meliputi berat tanaman, berat tcrsuling (segar dan kering) dan kadar minyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sifat-sifat morfologi dan komponen hasil terdapat 4 klon yang mcnonjol. yaitu 3 klon hasil kultur jaingan (klon lb, 2b, dan 75) dengan hasil tema kering masing-masing 0.222; 0.222; dan 0. 216 kg/tanaman dan kadar minyak masing-masing 4.28; 4.00; dan 4.54%, serta satu klon konvensional (Ct) dengan hasil tema keing 0.469 dan kadar minyak 4.84%.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, nilam, klon, kultur jaringan ABSTRACT Evaluation on the growth and yield potency of different clones ofpatchoulifrom tissue cultureThe growth and yield potency of different patchouli developed from tissue culture were studied at the Cimanggu Experimental Garden from 1999 to 2000. The materials were twenty-two clones of patchouli raised rom the gamma irradiated calli, 1 control clone (raised rom tissue culture propagated plant from which the irradiated calli were derived) and 3 conventionally propagated clones (Crt, TT and Sdk). The planting mateials were planted in a plant spacing of 100 cm x 50 cm. The experiment was designed as a randomaized block in 3 replicates. Plot size was 10 m2, accommodated 20 plants. Parameters used for evaluating the clones were morphological characters and yield components. The morphological characters included plant height, stem diameter number of branches, number of leaves per branch and size of leaves, while the yield component included weight of whole plant, distilled herbs (fresh and dry herbs) and oil content. Based on die morphological characteristics and yield components, 4 clones showed their superioity. The four clones were lb, 2b, and 75 (raised from tissue culture) with a herb yield of 0.222; 0.222 and 0216 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.28, 4.00 and 4.84% respectively, and Ct ( from convetional clone) with a herb yield of 0.469 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.84%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin, nilam, clones, tissue culture
PENGARUH ASAM FULVAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKTIVITAS, DAN MUTU RIMPANG JAHE MUHAMAD DJAZULI; IRENG DARWATI; ROSITA SMD
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2001): Maret, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n1.2001.6-10

Abstract

Fulvic acid is an extraction product of humus which is very potential for supplement fertilizer and able to reduce either inorganic or organic fertilizer application. The information about fulvic acid application as supplement fertilizer on ginger in Indonesia is still limited. The objective of the study was lo find oul the efect of fulvic acid as supplement fertilizer on the growth, productivity and quality of young ginger. A green house trial was conducted from July lo November 1996. Five levels of fulvic acid concentration, 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were sprayed every week from 4 to 1 5 weeks ater planting (WAP). A randomized block design was used with five replicates. The results indicated that the growth of plant height and number of tiller of ginger increased rapidly al 8 WAP, then il became slowly from 12 lo 1 5 WAP Application 10% of fulvic acid was able to increase vegetative parts 99.6%, fresh and dry weight of rhizome 89 and 125% respectively, and starch content of rhizome 22.6%. To find oul of the optimal effect of fulvic acid on productivity and quality of ginger, a further research using higher level and application frequency of fulvic acid as an extract product from several humus types in Indonesia is needed.
RATIO OPTIMUM GALUR MANDUL JANTAN (A line) DAN GALUR PEMULIH KESUBURAN (R line) PADA PRODUKSI BENIH HIBRIDA KAPAS SUMARTINI, SIWI; ABDURRAKHMAN, ABDURRAKHMAN; MACHFUD, M.; SULISTYOWATI, E.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.51-57

Abstract

ABSTRAKTeknologi kapas hibrida merupakan salah satu upaya untukmeningkatkan produksi kapas nasional. Sampai saat ini belum tersediavarietas kapas hibrida nasional untuk program pengembangan kapasnasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ratio galur (A line) manduljantan dan galur pemulih kesuburan (R line) yang optimum untukmenghasilkan benih hibrida kapas paling tinggi dengan cara persilanganalami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian-Lumajang,Jawa Timur mulai Januari sampai Desember 2011. Percobaan ini terdiridari satu pembanding T1 dengan penyerbukan manual dan 5 perbandinganratio (A line : R line) yang berbeda, yaitu T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2), T5(6:2), dan T6 (7:2) dengan penyerbukan alami. Perlakuan disusun dalamRancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali dengan luas petakmasing-masing perlakuan 25 m x 5 m. Benih kapas ditanam dengan jarak125 cm x 25 cm. Pupuk yang diberikan sebanyak 300 kg pupuk majemuk(15 N:15 P 2 O 5 :15 K 2 O) dan 100 kg pupuk Urea/ha. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penyerbukan manual (T1) menghasilkankapas berbiji sebanyak 1023 kg/ha, nyata paling tinggi dibandingkanperlakuan dengan penyerbukan alami. Terdapat korelasi positif yangsangat nyata antara hasil kapas berbiji dengan jumlah populasi (r =0.75967). Hasil kapas berbiji tidak berbeda pada perlakuan T2 sampai T6yang bervariasi antara 377- 452 kg kapas berbiji/ha, dengan efisiensipenyerbukan alami sebesar 37–45%. Untuk produksi benih hibrida denganpersilangan alami dapat digunakan ratio 7 baris tetua betina dan 2 baristetua jantan (perlakuan T6). Harga benih hibrida kapas yang dihasilkandengan cara penyerbukan alami sebesar Rp. 98.571,-/kg sedangkan dengancara penyerbukan manual sebesar Rp. 101.826,-/kg.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, mandul jantan, pemulih kesuburan,penyerbukan manual, penyerbukan alamiABSTRACTHybrid cotton technology is an attempt to increase the nationalcotton production. Hybrid cotton varieties is not yet available for thenational cotton development program. This study was aimed atdetermining optimum ratio of male sterile lines (A line) and restorers (Rline) lines for producing high hybrid cotton seed yield. The experimentwas conducted in the Experimental Garden Pasirian-Lumajang, East Javafrom January to December 2011. This experiment consisted of T1 withmanual pollination (control), and 5 different ratios (A line : R line) withnatural pollination namely T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2 ), T5 (6:2) and T6(7:2). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with3 replications, plot size was 25 m x 5 m of each. Seeds were sown witha distance of 125 cm x 25 cm. Fertilizers given were 300 kg of compoundfertilizer (15 N: 15 P 2 O 5 : 15 K 2 O) and 100 kg Urea /ha. From this researchit was found out that the T1 treatment by manual pollination produced asmuch 1023 kg seed cotton yield / ha, was the highest compared to naturalpollination treatments. There was high correlation between seed cottonyield and plant population (r = 0.75967). Seed cotton yield of T2 to T6treatments was not significantly different, which varies between 377-452kg/ha, with natural pollination efficiency of 37-45%. Therefore, for cottonhybrid seed production based male sterility by natural crossing, 7 rows offemale lines and 2 rows of male lines ratio (treatment T6) can be used.Price of cotton hybrid seed by natural pollination as much as Rp. 98,571, -/kg while by manual pollination as much as Rp. 101, 826, - /kg.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, male sterile, restorer, manual pollination,natural pollination
PENGARUH PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA DAN VIABILITAS BENIH AREN N. MASHUD; DAVID ALLORERUNG
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 4 (2001): Desember, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n4.2001.108-112

Abstract

Effect of storage duration on physical and chemical characteristics and viability of seed in sugar palm Arenga pinnataEffect of storage on (he physical and chemical characteristics and viability of sugar palm seed was studied in (he Research Institute for Coconut and Other Palm, Manado from April 1997 lo March 1998. The seeds were collecled from (he palm of 15 year old from Kemelcmbuai village, Motoling sub district, Minahasa North Sulawesi. The seeds were sown in the glass house. The carbohydrate, lipid and protein were analyzed at the laboratory of Research Institute for Coconut and Other Palm, Manado. The experimcnl was designed as a randomized block arranged factorial ly. The irst factor was storage duration (0,2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks). Results showed that unshclling affected germination rate but did not germinability. The seed stored for 2 - 4 weeks showed high gcrminability (71%). Unshclling and storing reduced carbohydrate and lipid, but not protein. Carbohydrate reduction occurred at two weeks storage, either in (he shelled or unshellcd seed. Reduclion of carbohydrate more rapidly in (he shelled seed stored for 2-4 weeks. Storage for 2 weeks resulted in the reduction of protein. From this study it was suggested that for high germination, Ihe seed should be stored for 4 weeks before sowing.
KETAHANAN BEBERAPA LADA HASIL PERSILANGAN TERHADAP Phytophthora capsici ASAL LADA WAHYUNO, DONO; MANOHARA, DYAH; T. SETIYONO, RUDI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n2.2009.77-83

Abstract

ABSTRAKBusuk pangkal batang (BPB) lada yang disebabkan oleh cendawanPhytophthora capsici merupakan masalah utama pada budidaya lada diIndonesia. Penyakit ini telah ditemukan di semua areal produksi lada diIndonesia. Sampai saat ini, saran pengendalian yang dianjurkan adalahpengendalian secara terpadu untuk mengurangi kerugian ekonomi akibatpenyakit ini. Akhir-akhir ini usaha untuk mendapatkan jenis lada yangtahan dilakukan melalui persilangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmengevaluasi ketahanan F1 yang diperoleh dari persilangan beberapatetua. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca, BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor, dari Januari sampaiDesember 2005. Dari 400 aksesi hasil persilangan yang ada, dipilih 15aksesi yang menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan pada uji pendahuluan.Tiga isolat Phytophthora yang menunjukkan virulensi yang berbedadigunakan sebagai isolat uji. Di laboratorium, helaian daun ke-3 dan 4diambil dari tiap aksesi dan diletakkan dalam kotak yang telah diberi tissuebasah untuk menjaga kelembapannya. Inokulasi secara buatan dilakukandengan meletakkan potongan koloni masing-masing isolat Phytophthorapada permukaan bawah daun. Luas nekrosa yang terbentuk pada masing-masing aksesi diukur dengan leaf area meter setelah diinkubasi selama 72jam. Percobaan di rumah kaca dilakukan dengan cara menyiramkansuspensi zoospora sebanyak 50 ml pada bibit lada dari masing-masingaksesi yang telah berumur 4 bulan. Jumlah tanaman yang mati dihitungsetelah diinkubasi selama 1 bulan. Data hasil pengukuran luas serangandianalisis dengan rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor untuk duakegiatan di atas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksiyang nyata antara aksesi dengan isolat Phytophthora yang digunakan, baikpengujian in vitro maupun rumah kaca. Sembilan aksesi menunjukkankerusakan kurang dari 20% saat di laboratorium maupun di rumah kaca,dan aksesi 27-1, 36-31, dan 4-5L menunjukkan kerusakan kurang dari10%. Persilangan lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan pada aksesi-aksesi tersebutuntuk mendapatkan keturunan yang mempunyai ketahanan lebih baik danstabil.Kata kunci : Piper nigrum L., Phytophthora, ketahanan, persilanganABSTRACTResistance of Black Pepper Accessions to Phytophthora capsiciFoot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici ismain constraint in black pepper cultivation in Indonesia. The diseasespread widely over all pepper producing areas in Indonesia. Integratedpest managements are suggested to reduce the economic loss due to thedisease. Recently, breeding program has been developed in Indonesiathrough hybridization to find out promising accessions resistant to foot rotdisease. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the resistanceof F1 progenies obtained from polination of various parents to foot rotdisease. Among 400 accessions of black pepper obtained from breedingprogram, 15 accessions were selected based on previous evaluation. ThreePhytophthora isolates were used as tester in the study. The research wascarried out in laboratory and glass house of Indonesian Spice andMedicinal Crops Research Institute, from January to December 2005. Invitro screening was carried out by inoculating detached third and fourthleaves of each accession. The leaves were set in boxes abaxial surfacefacing up, while wet tissue papers were used to retain air humidity in thebox. The lower leaf surface of each pepper accession was inoculated witha piece of Phytophthora colony then incubated in room temperature. Thewidth of necrotic areas was measured with leaf area meter after the leaveswere incubated for 72 hours. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Ingreen house experiment, 4 month seedlings of each accession wereinoculated with 50 ml of zoospore suspension (10 5  zoospore/ml), replicated3 times, and each replication consisted of 5 seedlings. The number ofinoculated seedlings was counted after one month of incubation. Bothexperiments were arranged using factorial design with two factors: pepperaccession and Phytophthora isolate. There was no significant interactionbetween black pepper accession and the Phytophthora isolates, neither invitro nor green house. Nine accessions showed disease severity less than20%, and accession number 27-1, 36-31, and 4-5L showed disease severitybelow 10% in both experiments. To obtain better progeny resistant to stemrot disease and more stable, it is suggested to continue this pollinationprogram by using those promising accessions.Key words: Piper nigrum L., Phytophthora, resistance, pollination
POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS IN INDUCING PLANT RESISTANCE ON GINGER AGAINST BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE SRI YUNI HARTATI; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI; SRI RAHAYUNINGSIH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 4 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n4.2014.187-194

Abstract

ABSTRACTBacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the mostdestructive diseases on ginger. The aim of this study was to evaluate thepotential use of five different medicinal plants extracts (Acalypha indica,Andrographis paniculata, Centella asiatica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, andSpinosa oleracea) as sources of plant resistance inducer compounds(elicitor) against bacterial wilt disease on ginger. Salicylic acid was usedas a standard synthetical compound, as well as, water as a controltreatment. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Spice and MedicinalCrops Research Institute, Bogor in 2010-2011. Research was conducted inCompletely Randomized Design that consisted of 7 treatments, 3replicates, and 10 plants/ replicate. Ginger seeds were planted in a mixtureof soil and manure in polybags. One-month old ginger plants were sprayedor drenched with each of the medicinal plant extract before and after R.solanacearum inoculation. This experiment indicated that the medicinalplant extracts tested were effective in reducing wilt disease incidence onginger. Their effectiveness varied depended on the plant species and theapplication method used. Among those five medicinal plant extracts tested,A. indica, A. paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were the most stable andeffective.  Their  effectiveness  were  comparable  with  the  standardcompound of salicylic acid. This finding indicated that A. indica, A.paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were potentially used as sources ofbotanical elicitor compounds. The use of those medicinal plant extracts assources of botanical elicitor, hopefully could increase ginger resistance andrhizome production, as well as reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.Keywords:  Medicinal  plant  extracts,  elicitor  compounds,  inducedresistance, ginger, wilt diseaseABSTRAKLayu  bakteri  yang  disebabkan  oleh  Ralstonia  solanacearummerupakan salah satu penyakit yang merusak tanaman jahe. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi lima jenis ekstrak tanaman obat(akar kucing, sambiloto, pegagan, temulawak, dan bayam duri) sebagaisumber senyawa penginduksi ketahanan (elisitor) tanaman jahe terhadappenyakit layu. Pada penelitian ini digunakan asam salisilat sebagaisenyawa sintetik standard dan air sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor padatahun  2010-2011.  Percobaan  dilaksanakan  dengan  menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 7 perlakuan, 3 ulangan, dan 10tanaman/ ulangan. Rimpang jahe ditanam pada media campuran tanah danpupuk kandang di dalam polibeg. Jahe umur satu bulan disemprot ataudisiram dengan ekstrak tanaman obat sebelum dan setelah diinokulasi R.solanacearum. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak tanamanobat yang diuji efektif dapat mengurangi kejadian penyakit layu padatanaman jahe. Efektivitas dari tanaman tersebut bervariasi tergantung darispesies tanaman dan cara aplikasinya. Diantara kelima tanaman obat yangdiuji, akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawak paling stabil dan efektifdalam mengurangi terjadinya penyakit layu. Efektivitas dari ketigatanaman obat tersebut sama dengan senyawa asam salisilat. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawakberpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber senyawa elisitor botanis.Penggunaan  ekstrak tanaman  obat  sebagai  sumber  elisitor  botanisdiharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman dan produksi jaheserta mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sintetik.Kata kunci: Ekstrak tanaman, senyawa elisitor, induksi ketahanan, jahe,penyakit layu.
KEMAJUAN GENETDX PADA DUA VARIETAS BARU KAPAS, KANESIA 8 DAN KANESIA HASNAM, .; SULISTYOWATI, EMY; SUMARTINI, SIWI; KADARWATI, FITRINTNGDYAH TRI; RIAJAYA, PRIMA D.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.66-73

Abstract

Tujuan utama pemuliaan kapas di Indonesia adalah meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas serat dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan memperbaiki mutu benang tcnun seta kualitas tekstil yang harus bersaing di pasar internasional. Scjumlah enam persilangan telah dilakukan antara dua varietas dai India. I.RA 5166 dan SRT-1 dengan dua varietas dai Amerika Serikat, Dcltapine 55 dan Deltapinc Acala 90 dan satu vaietas dai Australia, Siokra. Seleksi individu, seleksi galur dan seleksi individu dalam galur dilaksanakan pada generasi F2 sampai F5 berdasarkan jumlah buah, tingkat kerusakan daun terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula. dan mutu serat; semua proses di atas dilakukan pada kondisi lahan tadah hujan, dan tanpa penggunaan insektisida terhadap tanaman; dari proses di atas diperoleh 12 galur harapan. Sejumlah 13 percobaan dilakukan antara tahun 1993 sampai dengan 2001 untuk mengamati kcragaan galur-galur baru tersebut; pengujian dilakukan di Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknik-teknik penelitian standar. Dengan proscdur ini dapat diidcntifikasi beberapa galur yang menunjuk¬ kan perbaikan serenlak hasil dan kualitas serat kapas. Beberapa penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mcngcvaluasi tanggap galur-galur tersebut pada tumpangsari dengan kedelai dan kacang hijau di Jawa Timur. Dua galur, 88003/16/2 dan 92016/6 (sudah dilepas dengan nama vaietas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 pada bulan Juni 2003), menunjukkan produktivitas dan kualitas serai yang lebih linggi. Rata-rata, kedua vaietas menghasilkan 1.85 ton dan 191 ton kapas berbiji per hektar atau 8-12% lebih tinggi dai hasil vaietas Kanesia 7 yang sudah dilepas sebelumnya. Persentase serat 35.2%, kekuatan serat berkisar antara 22.6-24.7 gram tex'1, serat lebih panjang dan berkisar 29.2-30.3 mm sedangkan angka mikroncr lebih rendah yang menyatakan bahwa serat lebih halus. Semua perbaikan di atas menunjukkan perbaikan mutu serat. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 juga menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula dan komplcks hama kapas. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 kurang kompctitif dalam tumpang sari dengan kedelai jika dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7. Pada tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau Kanesia 8 juga mengalami kehilangan hasil yang tinggi, sedangkan Kanesia 9 menunjukkan toleransi yang tinggi dalam kompctisi dengan kacang hijau. Pelepasan Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 akan memberikan pilihan varietas yang lebih banyak bagi petani dan perusahaan pemintalan untuk menyesuaikan dengan produk akhirnya.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, prosedur pemuliaan, produktivitas, kualitas serat, Sundapteryx biguttula, tumpangsari ABSTRACT Genetic improvement on two new cotton varieties, Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9The main objective of cotton breeding in Indonesia is to improve productivity and fiber quality which is aimed to increase farmers' income and to make beter yam and textile quality that has to compete in international market Six crosses were made between two Indian varieties, LRA 5166 and SRT-1 with two USA vaieties, Deltapine 55 and Deltapinc Acala 90 and one Australian variety, Siokra. Individual plants, lines and individual within lines were selected on F2-F5 generations based on boll- counts, leaf-damage by jassids and fiber traits, those were conducted under rainfed and insecticide-ree condition; twelve promising lines were produced from this process. A total of 13 trials were carried out to observe performance of these new lines during 1993 to 2001; those were located in East Java and South Sulawesi using the standardized experimental techniques. By these procedures make it possible to identify several breeding lines showing simultaneous improvement in yield and fiber quality. Several tests were also made to evaluate response of those lines under intercropping with soybean and mungbean, which were located in East Java. Two breeding lines, 88003/16/2 and 92016/6 (those have been released as Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 in 2003), showed higher productivity and fiber quality. In average, these new vaieties produced 1.85 and 1.91 ton ha'1 seed cotton respectively or 8 to 12% higher than those on Kanesia 7, the previously released vaiety. Lint turn-out was 35.2% fiber-strength was varied from 22.6 to 24.7 gram tex'1 , fiber lengths ranged from 29.2 to 30.3 mm with lower micronaire-valucs indicating better fiber-ineness. All of those improvements represented a trend toward a higher quality iber. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 also showed a slight improvement in resistance to jasssids and insect pest-complex. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 performed lower competitive ability under intercropping with soybean in comparison with Kanesia 7. Under intercropping with mungbean Kanesia 8 also suffered high yield loss, wherein Kanesia 9 showed good tolerance to mungbean. The release of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 is expected to give a broader choice for the cotton growers and spinning-mills to match with their inal product.Key words: Coton (Gossypium hirsutum), breeding procedure, productivity, liber quality, Sundapteryx bigullul. inter¬ cropping.
KETAHANAN Pogostemon cablin DAN Pogostemon heyneanus TERHADAP Synchytrium pogostemonis WAHYUNO, DONO; SUKAMTO, SUKAMTO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n3.2010.91-97

Abstract

ABSTRAKSynchytrium pogostemonis merupakan jamur penyebab penyakitbudok pada tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin) di Indonesia. Synchytriummempunyai kekhususan inang yang tinggi, sehingga penggunaan varietasyang tahan merupakan komponen pengendalian yang efektif. Di Indonesiaterdapat nilam Aceh (Pogostemon cablin) dan nilam Jawa (Pogostemonheyneanus). Nilam Aceh relatif peka terhadap gangguan penyakit. NilamAceh telah dibudidayakan secara luas di Indonesia karena kandunganminyak nilamnya sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahuiketahanan nilam Aceh dan nilam Jawa terhadap serangan S. pogostemonis.Uji ketahanan dilakukan terhadap nilam Aceh terdiri dari tiga varietasLhokseumawe, Sidikalang dan Tapaktuan, sedangkan nilam Jawa hanyasatu varietas yaitu Girilaya. Inokulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakanpotongan bagian tanaman yang telah terinfeksi sebagai sumber inokulum,yang diletakkan di antara tanaman nilam yang diuji. Pengujian dilakukandi laboratorium dengan menggunakan media air, dan di rumah kacadengan menggunakan media tanah (tanah dan kompos perbandingan 1:1)yang telah disterilisasi. Nilam yang digunakan berupa setek pucuk 4 buku,yang ditanam dengan cara membenamkan buku ke-4 ke dalam media, danmeletakkan buku ke-3 di perbatasan antara media dengan udara, sedangbuku dua dan satu ada di permukaan media. Di laboratorium, untukmenahan agar setek tidak tenggelam ke dalam air, digunakan gabus yangtelah dilubangi sebagai penahan. Setek nilam dimasukkan ke dalam lubanggabus, yang selanjutnya diletakkan pada wadah plastik (berdiameter ± 7,5cm, ± 350 ml yang telah berisi air). Inokulum yang digunakan berupapotongan daun dan batang nilam yang terinfeksi S. pogostemonis seberat2 g per wadah yang diletakkan pada bagian tengah gabus di antara setekyang diuji. Satu wadah berisi tujuh setek dan diulang empat wadah untuksetiap varietas nilam yang diuji. Pada percobaan di rumah kaca, setekditanam dalam kotak (30 x 25 cm 2 ). Setek ditanam dalam baris denganjarak ± 5 antar baris dan ± 1 cm di dalam baris. Di dalam satu kotakterdapat 20 setek dan inokulum yang diaplikasikan sebanyak 40 g perkotak. Kotak yang telah berisi tanaman dan inokulum disungkup plastikselama satu bulan untuk menjaga kelembapannya, kemudian dipindahkanke polybag untuk diinkubasi dan diamati gejalanya. Pengamatan dilakukanpada minggu ke-6 setelah inokulasi untuk uji di laboratorium, dan 16minggu untuk uji di rumah kaca. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan, ketigavarietas nilam Aceh peka terhadap S. pogostemonis yang ditunjukkandengan adanya gejala kutil dengan spora berdinding tebal di dalamnyapada permukaan batang nilam Aceh baik pengujian di laboratoriummaupun rumah kaca. Pada nilam Jawa varietas Girilaya tidak ditemukankutil baik pada pengujian di laboratorium maupun di rumah kaca. Kutilberwarna jernih saat masih muda, berukuran kecil dan berubah berwarnagelap pada stadia lebih lanjut. Kutil banyak terlihat pada batang yangberbatasan dengan permukaan air dan tunas-tunas baru yang keluar daripermukaan tanah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan nilam Aceh peka terhadapS. pogostemonis, dan nilam Jawa tahan terhadap S. pogostemonis sehinggadapat digunakan sebagai sumber ketahanan.Kata kunci: Ketahanan, Pogostemon cablin, Pogostemon heyneanus,S. pogostemonisABSTRACTSynchytrium pogostemonis is an obligate soil borne plant pathogenicfungus and causes a disease named “budok” of patchouli in Indonesia.Synchytrium is well known as a genus of highly host specific plantpathogen, therefore developing a resistant variety is considered as aneffective control measure. In Indonesia, there are two types of patchouliplants, i.e. Pogostemon cablin locally known as Nilam Aceh andPogostemon heyneanus known as Nilam Java or wild Nilam. P. cablin iswidely cultivated because it contains highly patchouli alcohol. However, P.cablin is susceptible to the pathogen. The aim of the current research wasto evaluate the resistance of three released patchouli varieties of P. cablinand a wild species of P. heyneanus. The three patchouli varieties testedwere Lhokseumawe, Sidikalang, and Tapak Tuan of P. cablin; whereas thewild variety was Girilaya of P. heyneanus. The test was conducted inlaboratory and green house using infected stem and leaves of patchouli assource of inoculum. Four nodes healthy cuttings of patchouli plant weregrown in plastic pots and boxes containing water and sterilized soil asplanting media, respectively. In the laboratory experiment, the cuttingswere inserted into hollowed sponge then placed on the surface of water inpots (7.5 cm diameter, and ± 350 ml). The source of inoculum (2 g) wasplaced in center of the pots. In the green house experiment, the cuttingswere planted into sterilized soil (mix of soil and compost in 1:1 ratio) inboxes (30 x 25 cm 2 ). The space between two rows of cuttings was 5 cm,and 1 cm within the row. The source of inoculum was placed between tworows of tested cuttings. The tested plants were covered with plastic bag tomaintain its humidity for one month and then transferred into polybagscontaining sterilized soil. Disease symptom and microscopic examinationswere observed at 6 th and 16 th weeks after inoculation for the laboratory andgreen house experiments, respectively. Results indicated that wartscontaining resting spores of S. pogostemonis were found in all varieties ofinoculated P. cablin, but none in the Girilaya variety of P. heyneanus. Thewarts were minutes, hyaline at immature stage, and darker in advancestage developed on the infected plants surface. The warts were mostlyfound at the base stems close to the surface of media, and also on shootsthat emerge from bellow media surface, both at laboratory and green housetests for P. cablin. There were no warts young on young shoots of Girilayavariety of P. heyneanus. The study concluded that P. cablin is highlysusceptible, but P. heyneanus is resistant to the pathogen, therefore it canbe used as resistant gene source.Key words: Resistance, Pogostemon cablin, Pogostemon heyneanus, S.pogostemonis
KEKERABATAN PLASMA NUTFAH JAMBU METE BERDASAR SIFAT MORFOLOGI SRI WAHYUNI WAHYUNI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.58-66

Abstract

ABSTRAKHasil seleksi dari pengumpulan tanaman jambu mete yang didasarioleh warna buah semu, terutama dari daerah Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur,Lampung dan Bengkulu yang ditanam di dua Instalasi (Tegineneng danMuktiharjo) menghasilkan 26 pohon induk. Secara vegetatif sebanyak 15nomor dari pohon induk tersebut ditanam di Muktiharjo tahun 1989.Tanaman ditanam dengan jarak tanam 8 x 8 meter. Tanaman tersebutkemudian digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian dan dilakukan pengamatanterhadap sifat morfologi sesuai dengan descriptor list yang diterbitkan olehIBPGR mengenai tanaman jambu mete. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tahun2002-2003 terhadap 50 karakter morfologi. Data dikelompokkan menjadidata umum, dan data morfologi daun, bunga, buah serta gelondong.Berdasarkan data tersebut telah dilakukan analisis kluster menggunakanprogram NTSYSpc-ver21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragam-an plasma nutfah jambu mete tergolong rendah dengan rata-rata tingkatkemiripan antar koleksi sebesar 0,513. Oleh karena itu masih perlumeningkatkan keragaman melalui introduksi atau penambahan koleksiplasma nutfah, terutama dari daerah luar Jawa. Berdasar karakter umumtanaman dan karakter keseluruhan, A3 dan L3 mempunyai kekerabatanyang relatif jauh dengan nomor-nomor lainnya. A3 merupakan kultivarintroduksi asal Thailand dan mempunyai sifat produksi tinggi sehinggadapat digunakan sebagai tetua persilangan untuk memperbaiki sifatproduksi atau meningkatkan keragaman. Nomor P3 dan V8 berdasarberbagai pengelompokan tersebut berada pada kluster yang sama dengantingkat kemiripan hampir 100%, kecuali pada pengelompokan berdasarpercabangan dan daun. Kemiripan antar nomor berdasar seluruh karaktertertinggi adalah antara P3 dengan V8 dengan nilai 0,750 dan terendahadalah antara L3 dengan XII/2 dengan nilai 0,302 disusul kemudian antaraA3 dengan XII/8 dengan nilai 0,326. Untuk memprediksi kekerabatanantar nomor jambu mete dapat digunakan karakter umum tanaman, namunakan lebih baik bila digunakan karakter secara keseluruhan tanaman sesuaidengan descriptor list IBPGR.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L, plasma nutfah, sifatmorfologi, keragaman genetik, Jawa TengahABSTRACTRelationship of cashew collections based on morpho-logycal characteristicsThe research was carried out at Muktiharjo Experimental Station,Pati, Central Java. Cashew collections were mostly collected from JavaIsland. A total of 15 accessions (from cuttings) were planted using 8 x 8 msquare in 1989. Observation was made according to the IBPGR list using50 morphological characteristics, i.e general characteristics, stem andleaves, flower-fruit and nut characteristics; the data were clustered usingNTSYSpc-21. Research results showed that the diversity of cashewcollections was low, with the average similarity among them were 0.513.It was meant that the introduction or plant collection especially fromoutside Java area are required to increase the cashew genetic variability.Clustering based on group characteristics, i.e. general characters and othermorphological characters showed that Tegineneng A3 and Madura L3 hada quite far relationship. A3 is an introduced kultivar from Thailand and hashigh yielding characteristics, which can be choosen as a parent to increaseplant yield or genetic variability. Moreover, based on several groupcharacteristics for clustering, it revealed that P3 and V8 have the closestrelationship among the collections. According to the total characteristicsthe highest similarity was between P3 and V8 which had value of 0.750.The lowest similarity was between L3 and XII/2 revealed by value of0.302 then between A3 and XII/8 which had value of 0.326. Those generalcharacteristics, can be used to asses relationship among cashew collections,preferably using IBPGR list.Key words : Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, genetic resources,clustering,  morphological  characteristics,  geneticvariability, Central Java

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