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INDONESIA
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
ISSN : 24608300     EISSN : 25284339     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v5i1.1509
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan is a peer-reviewed journal published by Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Agency for Research and Development, Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Indonesia), publish twice a year in June and December. This journal publishes research and study in the field of education and culture, such as, education management, education best practice, curriculum, education assessment, education policy, education technology, language, and archeology.
Articles 535 Documents
Peminimalan Beban dan Peminimalan Paksaan sebagai Cara Berperilaku Santun dalam Berbahasa Indonesia Ngusman Abdul Manaf
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i1.430

Abstract

This article describes and explains how bahasa Indonesia speakers try to be polite in using bahasa Indonesia by minimizing the load and force to the listener. This article written based on research carried out in Padang in 2006. The data of the research was bahasa Indonesia narration from bahasa Indonesia speakers from various ethnics of Indonesia domiciled in Padang. The data collection method were involved observation and interview. Data was analyzed with qualitative method based on pragmatic theory. The result shows that load minimizing and force minimizing to the listener by the speaker in their speech caused illocution softening so that their speech felt politer by the listener. ABSTRAK  Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan cara penutur bahasa Indonesia berperilaku santun dalam berbahasa Indonesia melalui peminimalan beban dan peminimalan paksaan kepada petutur. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Padang pada tahun 2006. Data penelitian berupa tuturan bahasa Indonesia yang dihasilkan oleh penutur bahasaIndonesia dari berbagai etnis di Indonesia yang berdomisili di Padang. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan teknik pengamatan terlibat dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan teknik kualitatif yang didasarkan pada teori pragmatik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa peminimalan beban dan peminimalan paksaan kepada petutur yang dilakukan penutur dalam tuturannya menimbulkan dampak pelunakan daya ilokusi sehingga tuturan dirasakan lebih santun oleh petutur.
PROBLEM BASED INSTRUCTION SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DI SMA Prayekti --
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i1.431

Abstract

This research was conducted to prove the PBI model can improve learning outcomes, activities and responses of students in learning. The model is applied to two classes XI of High school in South Jakarta. The first is class-XI of IPA1 and the other is class-XI of IPA2. IPA1 given treatment by applying PBI learning model, while for class-XI IPA2 performed as conventional classical learning. After the application of learning models obtained PBI’s first treatment of Class-XI of IPA1 average value for the lowest pretes is 3.25 while the average value is the highest 6.75. Meanwhile, for class-XI of IPA2, value of the lowest average is 3.25 and the highest is 6.25. Posttes for first-class average score is 6.45 and the lowest the highest is 8.75, whereas for class XI posttes value IPA2 lowest average is 6.75 and the highest value of 9.00. In the second treatment available, IPA1 class-XI, the average value of the lowest student score is 5.00 and the highest average is 7.35, while for class-XI IPA2 average value is 6.45 the lowest and the highest is 8.5. In the third treatment results obtained pretes average grade XI of IPA1 lowest and the highest 3.25 for 4.25. and the average value posttes students obtained the lowest IPA1 is 7.25 and the highest 9.75. For class-XI IPA2 average score of students in the lowest pretes is 3.00 and the highest is 4.5. While the value posttes lowest average is 7.00 and the highest is 9.00. At first teachers were not used but the implementation of the third treatment teachers have mastered the learning model PBI well. Teachers have been able to design a model of the PBI with a good learning, teachers have been able to motivate students actively involved in problem-solving activities, define and organize learning tasks and determine the steps to solve the problem. Teachers motivate students to do reflection, and have been able to evaluate the process of investigations conducted so that students can understand their weaknesses and shortcomings of the reflection done. ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan model Problem Based Instructional (PBI) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, aktivitas dan respon siswa dalam pembelajaran. Model diterapkan pada 2 kelas XI paralel SMA Swasta di Jakarta Selatan. kelas XI IPA1 dan kelas XI IPA2 Siswa kelas XI IPA1 diberikan treatment dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran PBI sedangkan untuk kelas XI IPA2 dilakukan pembelajaran klasikal seperti biasa. Hasil penerapan model pembelajaran PBI treatment pertama diperoleh hasil Kelas XI IPA1 nilai rata-rata terendah untuk pretes 3,25 sedangkan nilai ratarata tertinggi 6,75. Sementara itu untuk kelas XI IPA2 nilai rata-rata terendah 3,25 dan tertinggi 6,25. Postes untuk kelas pertama nilai rata-rata terendah 6,45 dan tertinggi 8,75, sedangkan postes untuk kelas XI IPA2 nilai rata-rata terendah 6,75 dan nilai tertinggi sebesar 9,00. Pada treatment kedua kelas XI IPA1, nilai rata-rata siswa terendah 5,00 dan nilai rata-rata tertinggi 7,35, sedangkan kelas XI IPA2 nilai rata-rata terendah 6,45 dan tertinggi 8,5. Pada treatment ketiga hasil pretes diperoleh nilai rata rata siswa kelas XI IPA1 terendah 3,25 dan tertinggi 4,25. Nilai rata-rata postes terendah yang diperoleh siswa 1 adalah 7,25 dan tertinggi 9,75. Untuk kelas XI IPA22 nilai rata-rata siswa pada pretes terendah 3,00 dan tertinggi 4,5 sedangkan nilai postes rata-rata terendah 7,00 dan tertinggi 9,00. Pada akhirnya, guru dapat merancang model pembelajaran PBI dengan baik dan dapat memotivasi siswa terlibat aktif pada kegiatan pemecahan masalah, mendefinisikan dan mengorganisasikan tugas belajar serta menentukan langkah-langkah memecahkan masalah.
FENOMENA TARI KONTEMPORER DALAM KARYA TARI Indrayuda --
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i1.432

Abstract

The aim of this articel is to reveal the contemporary phenomenom of the dance work of the student of Sendratasik UNP and STSI Padang Panjang through last assignment. This research is focused on the phenomenom and student’s tendency on creating the dance work on a contemporary form. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and for the main instrument is the researcher himself. The collection of data dance through observation, interview and collecting the related literature. The analysis of the data done through conventional analysis. The result of the research shows that there is a tendency from the student on creating each of their work for the last assignment by using contemporary model, such as an the pattern of work, the type of dance, the form of performance and the orientation of creation. The growth of this sympton is caused from high frequency of the student to be involved in many forums of contemporary dance, and thruogh the appreciation of lecturer’s figur and work. This research can be concluded that the sympton and tendency of contemporary is appeared in the student’s dance work because of: 1) the influence of the lecturer, 2) the influence of dance forum, 3) the influence of dance work of the artists of West Sumatera and 4) the freedom given to the students. It is essential to be suggested from this articel so that there is correct guide from the lecturer available of Sendratasik FBSS UNP and STSI Padang Panjang to pay attention for the monumental dance learning, so that the balance is created on the dance learning in academic field. ABSTRAK Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap fenomena karya tari kontemporer dari mahasiswa Sendratasik UNP dan STSI Padang Panjang dalam tugas akhir. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada fenomena kecenderungan mahasiswa dalam menciptakan karya tari dalam bentuk kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrumen utama adalah peneliti sendiri. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan. Data dianalisa secara konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada kecenderungan mahasiswa menciptakan karya mereka dalam tugas akhir (TA) dengan model kontemporer, seperti pada pola tarian, tipe tarian, bentuk pertunjukan, dan orientasi tarian. Pertumbuhan gejala ini disebabkan frekuensi yang tinggi dari mahasiswa untuk terlibat dalam berbagai forum tarian kontemporer dan apresiasi terhadap figure dan karya dosen. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah gejala dan kecenderungan karya kontemporer muncul dalam karya mahasiswa karena 1) pengaruh dosen, 2) pengaruh forum tarian, 3) pengaruh karya tari artis-artis Sumatera, dan 4) kebebasan yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa. Dari penelitian ini sangat disarankan agar ada pedoman yang benar dari dosen Sendratasik FBSS UNP dan STSI Padang Panjang agar memperhatikan dasar-dasar pembelajaran tari sehingga ada keseimbangan pembelajaran tari dalam dunia akademis.
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN TRAINING MODEL DAN PORTOFOLIO Yuliarma --
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i1.433

Abstract

The formulation of research subject is to determine if the student creativity can be improve through training model studies and portfolio examination in the making of fashion design modification in traditional attire major. The purpose of the research is to discover that the training model study method and portfolio examination can improve the student learning creativity in the tradition apparel major. These developments are class action research, which was held in 3 cycles, the actions were completed by training model method application and portfolio examination. In each cycles, the application of training model method and portfolio examination were given twice, with 3 times schools practice, 3 times homework’s and 3 evaluations. The research was held at KK FT UNP faculty. The instruments used are observation guide, interview guide and test. The result shows that the average of student creativity and learning process can be improved through training and portfolio studies. Each cycles display student creativity improvement, with the average score of the 1 cycle of design fashion illustration practice 1.70, 2nd cycle 2.27, 3rd cycle 3.19; decorative variation design 1st cycle 1.33, 2nd cycle 2.34, and 3 cycle 3.17; drawing presentation practice 1st cycle 1.27, 2nd cycle 2.26, and 3rd cycle 3.23. ABSTRAKRumusan masalah penelitian adalah Apakah kreativitas mahasiswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran training model dan penilaian portofolio dalam pembuatan desain busana modifikasi pada mata kuliah busana daerah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa metode pembelajaran training model dan penilaian portofolio dapat meningkatkan kreativitas belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah busana daerah. Pengembangan ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, dilaksanakan 3 siklus, tindakan dilakukan dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran training model dan penilaian portofolio. Pada setiap siklus, penerapan metode training model dan penilaian portofolio diberikan selama 2 kali pertemuan, dengan 3 kali tugas latihan di sekolah dan 3 kali latihan di rumah dan 3 kali penilaian. Penelitian dilaksanakan di jurusan KK FT UNP. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan tes. Hasil penelitian rata-rata kreativitas dan hasil belajar mahasiswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran training dan portofolio. Pada setiap siklus terdapat peningkatan kreativitas mahasiswa. 
Pengembangan Kompetensi Profesional Guru dalam Menghadapi Sertifikasi Ade Cahyana
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i1.434

Abstract

Certification of teacher have been accounted for as one of the education core reforms to improve teacher professionalism. The release of the Act No. 14/ 2006 for Teacher and Lecturer (at higher education) is noticeable to be a historical tombstone which sets teacher and lecturer as profession as well as doctor, engineer or others. This will change the public perception to teacher to become more positive, to build up the teacher self-confident, and to magnetize the interest of those first quality candidates to turn out to be teachers, and to give the public trust back to school as an educational institution. It is highly recommended that the enhancement of teacher professional capacity to be integrated with the instructional activities implemented at schools, which, on one hand are capable of improving their quality of teaching as teachers, on the other hand capable of giving them the opportunities to improve their professional capacity while toting-up their cummulative credits mandatory for teacher certification. ABSTRAKSertifikasi guru dinilai sebagai salah satu kebijakan reformasi pendidikan untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru. Keluarnya Undang-Undang Nomor 14/2006 tentang Guru dan Dosen adalah merupakan tonggak sejarah tentang bagaimana guru dan dosen diakui sejajar sebagai pekerja profesi sebagaimana pula dokter, insinyur, atau profesi lainnya. Hal ini akan mengubah opini publik terhadap guru menjadi semakin positif, selain juga akan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri mereka, juga akan menarik minat orang-orang yang potensial dan berkualitas untuk menjadi guru, serta mengembalikan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan yang berwibawa. Berdasarkan elaborasi aspek aspek profesi guru, sangat disarankan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan profesional guru merupakan kegiatan yang terintegrasi dengan kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah, satu sisi mampu meningkatkan kualitas mengajar mereka sebagai guru, di sisi lain dapat memberi peluang bagi mereka meningkatkan kemampuan profesional sekaligus menambah kredit akumulatif mereka untuk kepentingan sertifikasi.
Penuntasan Wajib Belajar 12 Tahun di Provinsi DKI Jakarta Muhamad Husin
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i1.435

Abstract

Program nine years of compulsory education in Indonesia started launched in 1994 and finished in the year targeted 2008. However, in practice still have a lot of obstacles, among others, is the cost factor, the means of schooling, and the circumstances that require students to work, so that the target of completing the nine-year compulsory education as a whole have not been met. Special Province of DKI Jakarta program compulsory education of 9-year, has been successfully completed. Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) Junior High School for DKI Jakarta province in 2004 has reached 102.86%, while for senior high school by 81.41%. Based on these facts, it should provincial DKI Jakarta began improving education quality by improving citizens 12 years of mandatory programs. This is in accordance with the development of Jakarta as a city service that is parallel to the major cities the other in Asia, which requires human resources and strong excel in the service industry. In order for completing compulsory education reached 12 years, still required additional budget from the state budget, budget and community participation and the business world. Financing programs compulsory education to 12-year, should be directed to the management and supervision of financial resources and improving the quality of education.
Belajar dari Iran: Dialektika Agama dan Politik Pasca Khomeini Saefur Rochmat
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i1.436

Abstract

Ethesami and Abrahamian named Iran Pst Khomeini as the Second Republic with a different reason. While Halliday name it with post-achundism. This paper is conduxted to show dialectic of religion and politics that goes rationally, so it can be used as the reflectionfor Moeslem in Indonesia. This paper used a multidimensional historical approach in order to get a complete view. This approach is expected to accomodate both of Enthesami view which focus on economic aspectsm and Abrahamian view which focus on cultural aspects, also Halliday view which saw the involvement of clerics in politics. The modification of Islamic system of government of Iran post Khomeini can not be separated from the basics of the changes that have been placed by Khomeini. ABSTRAKEhthesami dan Abrahamian menamakan Iran Pasca Khomeini sebagai the Second Republic dengan alasan yang berbeda. Sedangkan Halliday menamainya dengan post-akhundism. Tulisan ini ingin menampilkan dialektika agama dan politik yang berlangsung secara rasional, agar bisa dijadikan cermin bagi umat Islam di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah multidimensional agar didapat pandangan yang lebih utuh. Pendekatan ini diharapkan dapat menampung baik pandangan Ehthesami yang lebih menekankan pada aspek ekonomi, dan pandangan Abrahamian yang lebih menekankan pada aspek budaya, maupun pandangan Halliday yang melihat keterlibatan ulama dalam politik. Modifikasi sistem pemerintahan Islam Iran pasca Khomeini tidak dapat dilepaskan dari dasar dasar perubahan yang telah diletakkan oleh Khomeini.
Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Sekolah melalui Satuan Otonomi Pendidikan Ade Cahyana
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i2.437

Abstract

The diversity of school environtment conditions and student needs in learning process alongside with the complexity in Indonesia geographical condition quite often can not be easily concluded completely in one piece by the central bureaucracy in a comprehensive way. It stimulates the deliverance of school based quality management improvement. This type of alternative management empowers independency to school to initiate its self-governing capacity to manage its own activities in the framework of eduactional quality improvement, while consistently aligned to national policies. Some of the strategies applied at schools comprise self-evaluation to scrutinize the school’s strengths and weaknessses. On the basis of the evaluation, school alongside with parents and community settleon school vision and mission of education quality improvement or to put together the expected eduaction quality for further developing on the planning of school program which includes school financing by refering to the scale of priorities and national policies in corresponding to the school condition and the capacity of its human resources. The consequences of the program implementation should imply a highly committed engagement among diversified parties, i.e., parents/community, teachers, principals, pupils and other staffs on one hand, and government (MONE) on the other hand, as the equal partner to attain the objective of quality improvement. ABSTRAKBeragamnya kondisi lingkungan sekolah dan bervariasinya kebutuhan siswa di dalam proses pembelajaran ditambah lagi dengan kondisi geografi Indonesia yang sangat kompleks, seringkali tidak dapat diapresiasikan secara lengkap oleh birokrasi pusat. Oleh karena itu, dalam proses peningkatan mutu pendidika perlu dicari alternatif pengelolaan sekolah. Hal ini mendorong lahirnya konsep manajemen peningkatan mutu berbasis sekolah. Manajemen alternatif ini memberikan kemandirian pada sekolah untuk mengatur dirinya sendiri dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan, tetapi masih tetap mengacu pada kebijakan nasional. Konsekwensi dari pelaksanaan program ini antara lain komitmen yang tinggi dari berbagai pihak yaitu: orang tua/masyarakat, guru, kepala sekolah, siswa dan staf lainnya di satu sisi dan pemerintah (Kemendiknas) di sisi lainnya sebagai mitra dalam mencapai tujuan peningkatan mutu.
Peran Faktor Non Ekonomis dalam Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Iskandar Agung; Gatot Subroto
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i2.438

Abstract

The objectives of this study is to identify direct effect, indirect effect, and totally effect of variables of organizational culture, leadership, and job satisfaction to teachers performance. The study was conducted in several Public Senior High Schools categorized as outstanding schools in Jakarta in 2009. Outstanding schools are schools which have already achieved the “plus” school criteria by the Jakarta Province Education Office. From the 41 selected schools categorized as outstanding schools in Jakarta, ten of them was selected as sample schools. The samples of the respondents are 150 teachers who are selected using proportional random sampling technique. Data was collected by using questionnaire. Before the questionnaire was distributed, the study performs some initial testing in order to make sure its validity and reliability using Product Moment Correlation test and Alpha Cronbach test. To do the hypothetical testing, the researcher firstly tests the data being obtained with normality, homogeunity, and linearity testing, included model testing. The finding of this study shows that: 1) organizational culture and leadership has a significant influences to job satisfaction of the teachers; 2) organizational culture, leadership, and job satisfaction also have a significant influences to teachers’ performance. ABSTRAK Tujuan studi ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh langsung, tidak langsung, dan total dari variabel budaya organisasi, kepemimpinan, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja pendidik/guru. Studi dilaksanakan di 10 SMA Negeri kategori unggulan (plus kotamadya, provinsi, dan berstandar nasional/internasional) di provinsi DKI Jakarta. Sampel responden dalam studi berjumlah 150 orang yang diambil melalui teknik proporsional random sampling. Data diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Sebelum kuesioner disebarkan kepada responden, dilakukan pengujian validitas dan reliabil itas dengan menggunakan tes product moment correlation dan alpa cronbach. Untuk pengujian hipotesis, dilakukan pengujian persyaratan analisis terhadap data untuk mengetahui normalitas, homogenitas, dan linearitas data, termasuk pengujian fit model. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 1) budaya organisasi dan kepemimpinan di sekolah memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja; 2) budaya organisasi, kepemimpinan, dan kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kinerja guru di sekolah. 
Impresi Moderasi Jalur Pembelajaran dengan Proses Belajar Kewirausahaan terhadap Persepsi Keberhasilan Usahawan Surakarta H. Rohmat
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kemendikbudristek

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jpnk.v16i2.439

Abstract

This research aims at reviewing the relations of entrepreneurial learning process aspect to the perception of the success of the small business entrepreneur, material and non material; also impression of moderation laerning line toward those relation. The result shows that the entrepreneurial learning process aspect related to the perception; success, but not with the material succes. The strong relations is the one with the perception of succes not material. Moreover, learning line impressed moderation to the entrepernuerial learning process toward perception; success, material success and non-material success. Among the three lines of learning, the strongest impression of moderation is the relationship of perceptual learning material success small business. ABSTRAK:Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji hubungan aspek proses pembelajaran kewirausahaan dengan persepsi keberhasilan usahawan kecil, material dan bukan material; serta impresi moderasi jalur pembelajaran terhadap hubungan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek proses pembelajaran kewirausahaan berhubungan dengan persepsi; keberhasilan, tetapi tidak dengan keberhasilan material, namun berhubungan dengan persepsi keberhasilan bukan material. Hubungan terkuat adalah dengan persepsi keberhasilan bukan material. Selain itu, jalur pembelajaran berimpresi moderasi dengan proses pembelajaran kewirausahaan terhadap persepsi; keberhasilan, keberhasilan material, dan keberhasilan bukan material. Diantara ketiga jalur pembelajaran, impresi moderasi yang terkuat ialah hubungan proses pembelajaran terhadap persepsi keberhasilan material usahawan kecil .